scholarly journals Stigmasterol and Stigmasterone from Methanol Extract of Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F. Stem Bark

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Surya Dewi Marliyana ◽  
Fajar Rakhman Wibowo ◽  
Desi Suci Handayani ◽  
Triana Kusumaningsih ◽  
Venty Suryanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Solvent Fractionation ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Flash Column Chromatography ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography

Stigmasterol and Stigmasterone from Methanol Extract of Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F. Stem Bark. Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F. has been widely used for herbal medicine. Phytochemical investigation of C. soulattri contains a secondary metabolite of the steroid class. Steroid compounds have various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, antimalarial, and anticancer. Two secondary metabolites steroids have been isolated and identified from the stem bark extract of C. soulattri. Isolation was carried out through the extraction (maceration), fractionation, and purification stages. Maceration is carried out using methanol as a solvent. Fractionation was carried out by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), and purification was by flash column chromatography. Identification of combined fractions and determination of pure isolates were used through thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The solvent used in the chromatography methods was a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The structure isolates were identified by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR and compared with literature data. Secondary metabolites steroids that have been isolated are identical compounds to stigmasterol and stigmasterone.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals, Antimicrobials and Antioxidants Studies of the Stem Bark Extract from Calophyllum ferrugineum

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Izzah Afifah Noh ◽  
Vivien Yi Mian Jong
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Ic50 Values

Traditionally, Calophyllum genus was used for swollen gums, arthritis, diarrhea, chronic abscess, skin infections, and lesions treatment. C. ferrugineum from Sarawak has least studied about their phytochemical constituents and biological activities. The objectives are to isolate and characterize the chemical components from C. ferrugineum and to determine their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The plant stem barks were collected from National Park in Sarawak and underwent extraction process. The extracts underwent isolation and purification processes by using several chromatographic methods. Structural elucidation was achieved by using infrared, MS and NMR spectra. The isolation process from the species has afforded 5 known compounds;  isocalanone (1) and 1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one (2), lupeol (3), friedelin (4) and diethylene glycol dibenzoate (5). The chloroform and methanol extract showed strong inhibitions against S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli with the MIC and MBC values ranging from 225 and 112.5 µg/mL. Isocalanone (1) and the methanol extract of C. ferrugineum showed potent antioxidant activity with the IC50 values of 28 ± 5.23 and 35 ± 3.69 µg/mL compared to ascorbic acid, respectively. The results obtained from this study emphasized the potential of the species as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

Antimicrobial triterpenes from the stem bark of Crossopteryx febrifuga

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Rodolphe Chouna ◽  
Jean-de-Dieu Tamokou ◽  
Pépin Nkeng-Efouet-Alango ◽  
Bruno Ndjakou Lenta ◽  
Norbert Sewald
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Dioic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Abstract Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga resulted in the isolation of epimeric mixtures of 3β-urs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid and 18-epi-3β-urs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (1), as well as: 3β-D-glucopyranosylurs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid and 18-epi-3β-D-glucopyranosylurs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (2), together with some known compounds such as the monoglyceride of palmitic acid, as well as β-sitosterol and its glucoside. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by application of spectroscopic methods. The MeOH extract and compounds 1 and 2 were examined for antimicrobial activity in in vitro assays against bacteria (Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048, Escherichia coli ATCC8739, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC11296, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (Candida parapsilosis, Candida albicans ATCC 9002 and Cryptococcus neoformans IP 90526). The tested samples showed selective activities. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of compound 2 (MIC=8–64 μg/mL) were in some cases equal to or even higher than those of the respective reference drugs chloramphenicol (MIC=16– 64 μg/mL) and nystatin (MIC=128–256 μg/mL).

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE HYDRO-METHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF BURKEA AFRICANA IN ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terhemen Festus Swem ◽  
Patrick Emeka Aba ◽  
Samuel Chukwuneke Udem ◽  
Victor Masekaven Ahur ◽  
Fidelis Aondover Gberindyer
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Somatic Index

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the sub-acute toxicity profile of hydro-methanol extract of Burkea africana  (BA) stem bark in rats. Methods: The stem bark of BA was extracted by cold maceration using 80% methanol. Twenty female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups of five rats each. Group 1 (only distilled water). Groups 2-4 received the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) orally, once daily for 28 days. The rats were observed for signs of toxicity and the bodyweight (b.wt) of rats taken weekly. Blood samples were collected on day 28 for hematology and serum chemistry. Visceral organs were harvested for organ-somatic index and histopathology. Results: There were no toxicity signs observed and no significant (p< 0.05) change in body weight but the pulmo-somatic index was significantly (p< 0.05) higher at 400 mg/kg compared with the control and other treated groups. Significant (p< 0.05) increase in PCV, RBC, and MCV and significant (p< 0.05) decrease in MCHC, Total WBC count, neutrophils and lymphocytes were observed. Also, there were significant (p< 0.05) decreases in ALT, total protein, globulin, total bilirubin of test groups when compared with the control group. Urea concentration of test groups significantly (p< 0.05) increased when compared with that of the control group. Conclusions: BA stem bark extract can be said to have no deleterious effect on erythrocyte, but rather serve to improve erythropoiesis and also has no overt toxic effect on the visceral organs. Also the extract may have immunosuppressive and oxidative tendencies on prolong use.                                   Peer Review History: Received 12 January 2021; Revised 3 February; Accepted 25 February, Available online 15 March 2021 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Idoko Alexander, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria, [email protected] Taha A.I. El Bassossy,  Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]   Similar Articles: PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF RUSSELIA EQUISETIFORMIS AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS EFFECTS OF RAW AND COOKED AQUEOUS AND METHANOL EXTRACTS OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS (KIDNEY BEANS) ON RENAL FUNCTION IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS EVALUATION OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA NERIIFOLIA STEM BARK ON BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS, SERUM AND TISSUE LIPIDS IN A PRECLINICAL MODEL

scholarly journals FITOKIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG Chisocheton sp. (C.DC) Harms (Meliaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Gede Katja
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antioksidan dari setiap ekstrak kulit batang Chisocheton sp. C.DC Harms (Meliaceae). Hasil ekstraksi 200 g serbuk kulit batang Chisocheton sp. C.DC Harms (Meliaceae) dengan n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol masing-masing dengan 2000 mL berturut-turut menghasilkan 7,193 g ekstrak pekat n-heksana, 8,798 g ekstrak pekat etil asetat dan 18,683 g ekstrak pekat metanol. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan adanya golongan senyawa flavonoid, triterpenoid dan tanin. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana memberikan nilai IC50 sebesar 337,28 µg/mL, ekstrak metanol sebesar 216,73 µg/mL, dan ekstrak etil asetat sebesar 199,89 µg/mL yang berarti etil asetat memiliki kemampuan yang paling besar dalam menangkap radikal bebas.ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was determine the class of secondary metabolite compounds and antioxidant activity of each stem bark extract of Chisocheton sp. C.DC Harms (Meliaceae). The results of the extraction of 200 g Chisocheton sp. C.DC Harms (Meliaceae) with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol with 2000 mL each yielded 7,193 g of concentrated extract n-hexane, 8,798 g of concentrated extract of ethyl acetate and 18,683 g of concentrated methanol extract. Phytochemical test results showed the presence of flavonoid, triterpenoid and tannin compounds. The results of the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method showed that the n-hexane extract gave an IC50 value of 337,28 µg/mL, methanol extract was 216,73 µg/mL, and ethyl acetate extract was 199,89 µg/mL which means that ethyl acetate has the ability to greatest in capturing free radicals.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Investigation and Anti-Microbial Activity of Clausena anisata on Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Ashu Michael Agbor ◽  
Kuete Pierre Fotsing ◽  
Suzy Hermine Dountio ◽  
Ntungwen Charles Fokunang ◽  
Sudeshni Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Bacteriostatic Activity ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Clausen aanisata is used in African traditional medicine to treat a variety of infectious and parasitic diseases. Infectious diseases are a major public health problem especially in developing countries where resistance to commonly used antibiotics is growing exponentially. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Clausena anisata on cariogenic and periodonthopatic bacteria. This was a laboratory experimental study using macerated hydroethanolic extracts of the stem and leaves of Clausena anisata in a water-ethanol mixture (30:70) for 48 hours. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins, phenols, triterpenes and saponosides, these being more abundant in the leaves. The antibacterial activity of the hydroethanolic extracts was evaluated against different clinically isolated strains of three Gram negative (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia) and two Gram positive (Streptococcus mutans and Latobacillusspp) bacteria. Polyphenols found more in the leaves extract was estimated at 62.8 mgTAE/g against 36.8 mgTAE/g in the stem bark extract. The study revealed that the leaves extract had bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity on isolated strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan and Fusobacterium nucleatum being the most susceptible with MICs of 50 mg/ml whereas the stem bark showed bacteriostatic activity on all isolated strains with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan being the most susceptible with MIC of 50 mg/ml. The antimicrobial action of the plant could be exploited in formulation of mouth washes and other medications in the management of oral infections like periodontitis and tooth dacay.

scholarly journals Contraceptive Activity of Vitex doniana Stem Bark Methanol Extract in Female Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Nnenna Ukwuani-Kwaja ◽  
Ibrahim Sani ◽  
Abdulhamid Zubairu
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Vitex Doniana ◽  
Hormonal Assay

Aims: The acceptability and accessibility of modern contraceptive drugs are limited especially in northern Nigeria. These contraceptives also have numerous side effects hence there is need to search for safe natural alternatives from medicinal plants. This research was aimed at evaluating the contraceptive effect of stem bark methanol extract of Vitex doniana in female albino rats. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Between August 2019 to July 2020. Methodology: Vitex doniana stem bark was extracted with methanol and the extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. Acute toxicity (LD50) of V. doniana stem bark extract was determined using up and down method and anti-fertility effect was evaluated via (anti-ovulation, anti-implantation and serum hormonal assay). Results: The results for phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, glycoside, balsam and volatile oil. The LD50 of the extract was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg as no mortality or any sign of toxicity are recorded within 14 days. The anti-fertility studies, methanol stem bark extract of Vitex doniana showed anti-ovulation activity through alteration of estrous cycle, changes in the histology of ovarian corpus luteum and decreasing number of follicles of extract treatment groups compared to control. Serum hormonal assay showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in oestrogen and progesterone level respectively in the extract treated groups compared to control group. Also, anti-implantation effect was observed in drug treated group (levenogesterel) and group treated with 400 mg/kg of V. doniana stem bark as there was no evidence of conception. Conclusion: The present study revealed that methanol stem bark extract of Vitex doniana is relatively nontoxic at acute dose and possess a moderate amount of antifertility agent.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Antiplasmodial Investigations of Terminalia brownii

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Machumi ◽  
Jacob O. Midiwo ◽  
Melissa R. Jacob ◽  
Shabana I. Khan ◽  
Babu L. Tekwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Ellagic Acid Derivatives

Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of stem bark extract of an African medicinal plant Terminalia brownii led to the isolation of a new oleanane-type triterpenoid, along with seven known triterpenoids, seven ellagic acid derivatives, and 3- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-sitosterol. The new compound was identified using spectroscopic methods, notably 1D- and 2D NMR, as 3β,24- O-ethylidenyl-2α,19α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. Two compounds with a galloyl group (4 and 6) were found to be active against chloroquine sensitive (D6) and chloroquine resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum, whereas three ellagic acid derivatives (5–7) were found active against three species of fungi and one species of bacteria.

Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of phytoconstituents of the stem bark extract of Psychotria djumaensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Mbasso Joseph Eric Tameko ◽  
Ngansop Raymond Nono ◽  
Marcel Frese ◽  
Jean Rodolphe Chouna ◽  
Ndjakou Bruno Lenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Cervix Carcinoma ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenoids ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Weak Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Human Cervix

Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark extract of Psychotria djumaensis led to the isolation of ten known pentacyclic triterpenoids among which one lupane-, three oleanane-,  and six ursane-types. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of spectroscopic methods and by comparison with previously reported data. The isolated compounds were tested against five strains of bacteria, and the cytotoxicity against the human cervix carcinoma KB-3-1 cell was evaluated. The isolates exhibited weak antibacterial activity against the five strains. The cytotoxic activity exhibited by 3β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (5) (IC50 5.9 µM) was about three times more significant than that of the reference [(+) griseofulvin, IC50 17-21 µM].

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