scholarly journals Analisis Dimensi Fraktal Kejadian Gempa Dl Laut Banda Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Sugeng Widada
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Fractal Approach ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Tectonic System

The Banda Sea region is an active earthquakes area which indicated by mean monthly incident of quakes more than 220. The condition is caused the area being located in the triple jucntion. Earthquakes system in this region which occur during September 2015 up to October 2016 is analyzed by fractal approach to investigate the subduction system.Earthquakes system is chaotic, so can be quantified using fractal concept. Quantify result of Banda Sea earthquakes system using Aki method is fractal dimension 2.08. It indicates that the slab was fractured by some fault in form an angle or upright possition with the subduction strike. Such a thing also be proven by the fact that the length zone of slab moved during each earthquake is not same, the variation is about 6 – 1,056 m. Based on the fractal analysis, also be identified that about 6.25 magnitute six earthquakes are expected each year. The result of study support the previous studies which propose that the tectonic system in Banda Sea region is very complex. Keywards:  Earthuakes system, fractal, Banda Sea Kawasan Laut Banda merupakan daerah aktif gempa yang ditunjukan dengan kejadian gempa rata-rata bulanan Iebih dan 220. Keadaan ini dapat dimengerti mengingat kawasan tersebut merupakan pertemuan tiga buah lempeng yang bergerak. Pola kegempaan di daerah tesebut yang tejadi pada September 2015 hingga Oktober 2016 dicoba dianalisa menggunakan pendekatan fraktal untuk mengetahui pola subduksi di daerah tersebut. Pola kegempaan merupakan suatu kejadian yang chaos, sehingga dapat dilakukan kuantisasi berdasarkan konsep fraktal. Hasil kuantisasi pola gempa Laut Banda meggunakan metode Aki diperoleh dimensi fraktal 2,08. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa slab yang menunjam dan bergerak sehingga menimbulkan gempa terbagi dalarn beberapa bagian melalui suatu sesar yang menyududut / tegak lurus jurus subduksi. Keadaan ini dikuatkan oleh hasil perhitungan panjang daerah yang bergerak untuk setiap kejadian gempa tidak sama, yaitu bervariasi dari 6 – 1.056 m. Berdasarkan analisa fraktal tersebut juga diketahui bahwa gempa dengan magnitudo 6,25 akan terjadi 6 kali dalam satu tahun. Hasil penelitian ini mendukung hasil penelitian terdahulu yang menyatakan bahwa tatanan tektonik di daerah Laut Banda sangat kompleks. Kata Kunci: Pole gempa, fraktal, Laut Banda

Heterogeneity of Cerebral Blood Flow: a Fractal Approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hartikainen ◽  
J. T. Kuikka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fractal Approach

Summary Aim: We demonstrate the heterogeneity of regional cerebral blood flow using a fractal approach and singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT). Method: Tc-99m-labelled ethylcysteine dimer was injected intravenously in 10 healthy controls and in 10 patients with dementia of frontal lobe type. The head was imaged with a gamma camera and transaxial, sagittal and coronal slices were reconstructed. Two hundred fifty-six symmetrical regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn onto each hemisphere of functioning brain matter. Fractal analysis was used to examine the spatial heterogeneity of blood flow as a function of the number of ROIs. Results: Relative dispersion (= coefficient of variation of the regional flows) was fractal-like in healthy subjects and could be characterized by a fractal dimension of 1.17 ± 0.05 (mean ± SD) for the left hemisphere and 1.15 ± 0.04 for the right hemisphere, respectively. The fractal dimension of 1.0 reflects completely homogeneous blood flow and 1.5 indicates a random blood flow distribution. Patients with dementia of frontal lobe type had a significantly lower fractal dimension of 1.04 ± 0.03 than in healthy controls. Conclusion: Within the limits of spatial resolution of SPECT, the heterogeneity of brain blood flow is well characterized by a fractal dimension. Fractal analysis may help brain scientists to assess age-, sex- and laterality-related anatomic and physiological changes of brain blood flow and possibly to improve precision of diagnostic information available for patient care.

Fractal Analysis and Biophysical Investigation of Muscular Tissue Damaged due to Low Temperature: A Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Bianciardi ◽  
Michele Buonsanti ◽  
Antonella Pontari ◽  
Sergio Tripodi
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Fractal Approach ◽  
Box Counting Method

Severe damage is produced in tissues by freezing and thawing. Until now, a great majority of the studies are performed qualitatively, lacking any quantitative approach. An important step is to choose the best option among different freezing methods. To approach the complex problem of damage produced in tissues by freezing, in this paper we present the classical mechanics approach and a quantitative study making use of a fractal methodology (evaluation of fractal dimension by box-counting method). A comparative fractal analysis between two different steps of freezing the human thoracic diaphragm muscle has been performed to quantify the voids and cracks produced by freezing (samples were placed in a cryostat chamber). Moreover, a standard Euclidean morphometry was performed to determine area and shape of the muscle nuclei after the two steps of freezing. Fractal dimension of the ice-tissue interface structures increased with decreasing temperature (p<0.0001), percentage of cell muscle decreased (p<0.01), while standard morphometry of the nuclei didnt show any modifications. Our results show the ability of the fractal approach to accurately quantify the damage produced by freezing and reveals that the lowest temperature produces the most damage.

Complex structural-geomorphological, structural-morphological and fractal analysis of vertical newest movements of the Kerch Peninsula

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
D. A. Simonov ◽  
V. S. Zakharov ◽  
G. V. Bryantseva
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Fractal Approach ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Kerch Peninsula ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Geomorphological Analysis

A comprehensive analysis was carried out for the Kerch Peninsula using morphostructural, structural and geomorphological methods as well as determining the fractal dimension D of the driangle system. It has been discovered that increased values of the field of fractal dimension D correlate well with the total uplift amplitude during the Pleistocene and Holocene, and worse with the latest structures formed during the conerosion stage of development. It can be concluded that the fractal approach for the quantitative analysis of the driangle system pattern gives good results in identifying the latest movements, and is less effective in identifying the latest structures. The further development of the fractal analysis method is promising, with the inclusion of other driangle system parameters widely used in structural-geomorphological analysis.

Optimal Density Determination of Bouguer Anomaly Using Fractal Analysis (Case of study: Charak area,IRAN)

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Host Rock ◽  
Bouguer Anomaly ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Density Difference ◽  
Optimal Density

In exploration geophysics the main and initial aim is to determine density of under-research goals which have certain density difference with the host rock. Therefore, we state a method in this paper to determine the density of bouguer plate, the so-called variogram method based on fractal geometry. This method is based on minimizing surface roughness of bouguer anomaly. The fractal dimension of surface has been used as surface roughness of bouguer anomaly. Using this method, the optimal density of Charak area insouth of Hormozgan province can be determined which is 2/7 g/cfor the under-research area. This determined density has been used to correct and investigate its results about the isostasy of the studied area and results well-coincided with the geology of the area and dug exploratory holes in the text area

scholarly journals Fractal Dimension and Retinal Pathology: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2376
Author(s):  
Sam Yu ◽  
Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Retinal Pathology ◽  
Meta Analyses

Due to the fractal nature of retinal blood vessels, the retinal fractal dimension is a natural parameter for researchers to explore and has garnered interest as a potential diagnostic tool. This review aims to summarize the current scientific evidence regarding the relationship between fractal dimension and retinal pathology and thus assess the clinical value of retinal fractal dimension. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a literature search for research articles was conducted in several internet databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus). This led to a result of 28 studies included in the final review, which were analyzed via meta-analysis to determine whether the fractal dimension changes significantly in retinal disease versus normal individuals. From the meta-analysis, summary effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were derived for each disease category. The results for diabetic retinopathy and myopia suggest decreased retinal fractal dimension for those pathologies with the association for other diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glaucoma remaining uncertain. Due to heterogeneity in imaging/fractal analysis setups used between studies, it is recommended that standardized retinal fractal analysis procedures be implemented in order to facilitate future meta-analyses.

Outer Cutoff Value for the Box-Counting Method for Fractal Analysis of the Nucleus Using Kirsch Edge Detection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Yoshioka ◽  
Kouki Minami ◽  
Hirokazu Odashima ◽  
Keita Miyakawa ◽  
Kayo Horie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Edge Detection ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Size ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Cytological Diagnosis ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Position Bias ◽  
Box Counting ◽  
Nuclear Rotation

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The complexity of chromatin (i.e., irregular geometry and distribution) is one of the important factors considered in the cytological diagnosis of cancer. Fractal analysis with Kirsch edge detection is a known technique to detect irregular geometry and distribution in an image. We examined the outer cutoff value for the box-counting (BC) method for fractal analysis of the complexity of chromatin using Kirsch edge detection. <b><i>Materials:</i></b> The following images were used for the analysis: (1) image of the nucleus for Kirsch edge detection measuring 97 × 122 pix (10.7 × 13.4 μm) with a Feret diameter of chromatin mesh (<i>n</i> = 50) measuring 17.3 ± 1.8 pix (1.9 ± 0.5 μm) and chromatin network distance (<i>n</i> = 50) measuring 4.4 ± 1.6 pix (0.49 ± 0.18 μm), and (2) sample images for Kirsch edge detection with varying diameters (10.4, 15.9, and 18.1 μm) and network width of 0.4 μm. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Three types of bias that can affect the outcomes of fractal analysis in cytological diagnosis were defined. (1) Nuclear position bias: images of 9 different positions generated by shifting the original position of the nucleus in the middle of a 256 × 256 pix (28.1 μm) square frame in 8 compass directions. (2) Nuclear rotation bias: images of 8 different rotations obtained by rotating the original position of the nucleus in 45° increments (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315°). (3) Nuclear size bias: images of varying size (diameter: 190 pix [10.4 μm], 290 pix [15.9 μm], and 330 pix [18.1 μm]) with the same mesh pattern (network width: 8 pix [0.4 μm]) within a 512 × 512 pix square. Different outer cutoff values for the BC method (256, 128, 64, 32, 16, and 8 pix) were applied for each bias to assess the fractal dimension and to compare the coefficient of variation (CV). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The BC method with the outer cutoff value of 32 pix resulted in the least variation of fractal dimension. Specifically, with the cutoff value of 32 pix, the CV of nuclear position bias, nuclear rotation bias, and nuclear size bias were &#x3c;1% (0.1, 0.4, and 0.3%, respectively), with no significant difference between the position and rotation bias (<i>p</i> = 0.19). Our study suggests that the BC method with the outer cutoff value of 32 pix is suitable for the analysis of the complexity of chromatin with chromatin mesh.

The fractal analysis of water trees: an estimate of the fractal dimension

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Lanca ◽  
J.N. Marat-Mendes ◽  
L.A. Dissado
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Analysis

Fractal analysis of rain gauges’ inhomogeneous distribution and the associated hydrological impacts: the case study of Muriaé River basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Celebrini de O. Campos ◽  
Igor Paz ◽  
Maria Esther Soares Marques ◽  
Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia ◽  
Daniel Schertzer
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Susceptibility Map ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Flood Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Maps ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
The Cross

&lt;p&gt;The urban population growth requires an improvement in the resilient behavior of these areas to extreme weather events, especially heavy rainfall. In this context, well-developed urban planning should address the problems of infrastructure, sanitation, and installation of communities, primarily related to insufficiently gauged locations. The main objectives of this study were to analyze the impacts of in-situ rain gauges&amp;#8217; distribution associated with the elaboration of a spatial diagnosis of the occurrence of floods in the municipality of Itaperuna, Rio de Janeiro &amp;#8211; Brazil. The methodology consisted of the spatial analysis of rain gauges&amp;#8217; distribution with the help of the fractal dimension concept and investigation of flood susceptibility maps prepared by the municipality based on transitory factors (which consider precipitation in the modeling) and on permanent factors (natural flood susceptibility). Both maps were validated by the cross-tabulation method, crossing each predictive map with the recorded data of flood spots measured during a major rainfall event. The results pointed that the fractal analysis of the rain gauges&amp;#8217; distribution presented a scaling break behavior with a low fractal dimension at the small-scale range, mostly concerned in (semi-)urban catchments, highlighting the incapacity of the local instrumentation to capture the spatial rainfall variability. Thereafter, the cross-tabulation validation method indicated that the flood susceptibility map based on transitory factors presented an unsatisfactory probability of detection of floods when compared to the map based on permanent factors. These results allowed us to take into account the hydrological uncertainties concerning the insufficient gauge network and the impacts of the sparse distribution on the choice and elaboration of flood susceptibility maps that use rainfall data as input. Finally, we performed a spatial analysis to estimate the population and habitations that can be affected by floods using the flood susceptibility map based on permanent factors.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Fractal Dimension Analysis of High-Resolution X-Ray Phase Contrast Micro-Tomography Images at Different Threshold Levels in a Mouse Spinal Cord

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Maugeri ◽  
Mauro DiNuzzo ◽  
Marta Moraschi ◽  
Charles Nicaise ◽  
Inna Bukreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Mouse Spinal Cord ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Micro Tomography

Fractal analysis is a powerful method for the morphological study of complex systems that is increasingly applied to biomedical images. Spatial resolution and image segmentation are crucial for the discrimination of tissue structures at the multiscale level. In this work, we have applied fractal analysis to high-resolution X-ray phase contrast micro-tomography (XrPCμT) images in both uninjured and injured tissue of a mouse spinal cord. We estimated the fractal dimension (FD) using the box-counting method on tomographic slices segmented at different threshold levels. We observed an increased FD in the ipsilateral injured hemicord compared with the contralateral uninjured tissue, which was almost independent of the chosen threshold. Moreover, we found that images exhibited the highest fractality close to the global histogram threshold level. Finally, we showed that the FD estimate largely depends on the image histogram regardless of tissue appearance. Our results demonstrate that the pre-processing of XrPCμT images is critical to fractal analysis and the estimation of FD.

Fractal Approach on Quantitative Analysis of Micro Pore Structure of Isotropic Consolidated Clay

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 1846-1851
Author(s):  
Xiao Xuan Liu ◽  
Ji Ru Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Soil Consolidation ◽  
Koch Curve ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Fractal Approach ◽  
Consolidation Pressure ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Isotropic Consolidation

The micro pore structure of isotropic consolidated clay was studied by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A digital imaging technique was applied to analyze the evolution of size, number of pores and their distributions in the process of isotropic consolidation according to the SEM images. Based on the fractal concepts of Koch curve and Sierpinski carpet, the Koch fractal dimension Dk and the Sierpinski fractal dimensionDsof soil pores are obtained from the measured data. The variations of bothDkandDsfollowing the change of micro pore parameters and mechanical properties of clay are investigated. The results show that the porosity and pore size decreases as the consolidation pressure increases, and the range of pore size becomes narrower.Dkreflects the degree of irregularity of the pore-solid interface in soil, and the larger theDkthe more irregular the soil pore profile. The distribution of Dkwas found in agreement with a total normal distribution in soil pore. The magnitude ofDsreflects the variation of porosity of clay under isotropic consolidation. Large fractal corresponds to large consolidation pressure and small porosity.Dsdisplays a significant linear regression relationship with porosity, consolidation pressure, consolidation deformation of clay and an exponential growth relationship with permeability coefficient of clay. Both Dk andDsis sensitive to isotropic consolidation of soil and they may be cited as useful indicators for soil consolidation.

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