scholarly journals The Effect of Ultrasonic Wave Exposure on The Chlorophyll-a, b And Carotene Content of Nannochloropsis sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Hadi Endrawati ◽  
Muhammad Zainuri ◽  
Widianingsih Widianingsih ◽  
Retno Hartati ◽  
Robertus Triaji Mahendrajaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Carotene Content

Determination of chlorophyll-a, b and carotene content in microalgae is strongly dependent on the destruction of its cell wall during extraction process.  Harvesting of microalgae is important  because it will influence the nutrition content. The objective of present work is to optimize harvesting of Nannochloropsis sp by application of ultrasonic wave with frequency of 40 KHz under different exposure time.  There were 3 treatments, i.e. exposure time of 5, 10 and 15 minutes.  The chlorophyll-a, b, and carotene content were measured to gauge the effect of treatments. The result revealed that the cell wall of Nannochloropsis sp which made from carbohydrate were successfully broken by ultrasonic source equipment. It showed that the exposure time of  5, 10 and 15 minutes affected cell wall’s breaking percentage of Nannochloropsis sp cell by 10,35;  32,15; and 72,09 %, respectively. The longer exposure time of ultrasonic wave, the higher content of  chlorophyll-a, b, and carotene.

Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Paparan Gelombang Ultrasonik dalam Mengurangi Jumlah Bakteri coliform pada Sampel Air Sungai Kahayan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neny Kurniawati, Kerelius, Sunariyati ◽  
Luqman Hakim, Dyah Ayu Pramoda Wardani, Widya Krestina ◽  
Dwi Tyas Setiawan, Ferry Purwanto, Diah K. Fatmala
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Grab Sampling

Abstrak – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu paparan gelombang ultrasonik terhadap pengurangan jumlah koloni bakteri coliform pada sampel air sungai Kahayan. Pengambilan sampel air sungai dilakukan dengan teknik Grab Sampling menggunakan alat Kemmerer Sampler. Sampel air yang didapatkan diberikan paparan gelombang ultrasonik secara langsung, tanpa merubah kondisi lingkungan awal. Waktu paparan divariasikan pada 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam dengan frekuensi 40 kHz untuk memperoleh data waktu optimum. Uji coliform dilakukan dengan metode MPN, dengan tahapan uji pendugaan, uji penegasan, dan perhitungan koloni. Hasil uji MPN 24 jam setelah paparan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ultrasonik sebagai antibateri dapat optimum ketika diberikan paparan dengan waktu 3 jam, dengan efisiensi  96%. Kata kunci: antibakteri, coliform, ultrasonik, water treatment, sungai Kahayan  Abstract – This study aims to examine the effect of ultrasonic wave exposure time on reducing the number of coliform bacterial colonies in the Kahayan river water samples. River water sampling is done using the Grab Sampling technique using the Kemmerer Sampler tool. The water samples obtained were given direct ultrasonic wave exposure, without changing the initial environmental conditions. The exposure time is varied in 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours with a frequency of 40 kHz to obtain optimum time data. Coliform test was carried out by the MPN method, with the stages of the estimation test, affirmation test, and colony calculation. The MPN test results 24 hours after exposure showed that the use of ultrasonic as an antibody can be optimum when given exposure with a time of 3 hours, with an efficiency of 96%.Keywords : antibakterial, coliform, ultrasonic, water treatment, Kahayan river

scholarly journals Astringency in ʻGiomboʼ persimmon and its relationship with the harvest time

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-652
Author(s):  
Magda Andréia Tessmer ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória ◽  
Ricardo Alfredo Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Parenchyma Cell Wall

ABSTRACT ʻGiomboʼ is one of most cultivated persimmon cultivars in Brazil. It is a late-harvest cultivar and requires treatment for astringency removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ethanol and the effect of harvest time on reducing astringency, physicochemical and anatomical characteristics of 'Giombo' persimmon. Two experiments were carried out, one in each growing season, with five treatments corresponding to exposure to 1.70 mL kg-1ethanol for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. At the end of the growing season (2011) the fruits achieved the astringency index and levels of soluble tannins suitable for consumption in 24 hours, and at the beginning of the growing season (2012) in 36 hours, indicating that the efficiency of the treatment is related to harvest time and ethanol exposure time. Astringency removal with ethanol affects the cell structure with accumulation of substances inside the cells and in intercellular spaces, resulting in the degradation of the parenchyma cell wall. To avoid such damage and maintain fruit quality, it is recommended the combination of low ethanol doses with less ethanol exposure time.

scholarly journals Structural characteristics of plant cell wall elucidated by solution-state 2D NMR spectroscopy with an optimized procedure

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 650-663
Author(s):  
Wanwan Wang ◽  
Jibao Cai ◽  
Zhenyu Xu ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Fanchao Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Complete Representation

AbstractA method was developed for rapid qualitative determination of lignocellulose in the tobacco cell wall by utilizing 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR spectra (2D HSQC NMR). Traditional methods for analyzing the structure of lignocellulose involve many steps of separation and extraction, which is labor-intensive. In this work, the whole cell wall was milled and dissolved in deuterium solvent. The solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-d6) containing hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA-d18) enhanced swelling of the sample and gave high-resolution spectra. The tobacco samples are ball milled at different ball milling times, and the state of the particles is observed through an electron microscope, and then the probability of the particles being less than 5 µm is counted. Through the comparison of the abundance and integration of the peak signals in the spectra under different transmittances, it was determined that when the milling time was 6 h, the quality of the NMR spectra was the best. The optimum conditions of characterizing tobacco structure were DMSO-d6/HMPA-d18 solution and 6 h milling time. Under these conditions, complete representation of the structure of lignocellulose and simplified process could be achieved.

scholarly journals Quantitative Determination of Azithromycin in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and its Application in Pharmackokinetic Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maizbha Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Safiqul Islam ◽  
Tasmin Ara Sultana ◽  
AGM Mostofa ◽  
Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Linear Concentration Range ◽  
Linear Concentration

Azithromycin is an effective and well-known antimicrobial agent. In the present study, a simple, sensitive and specific LC/MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of Azithromycin in  human serum samples using Clarithromycin as internal standard. Azithromycin was extracted from biological matrix  by using solid phase extraction process. The chromatographic separation was performed on Luna C18 (3 ?, 2x150   mm) column with a mobile phase consisting of 35 mM ammonium acetate buffer (mobile phase-A) and acetonitrile  and methanol in ratio of 90:10 ( as mobile phase-B) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The method was validated over a  linear concentration range of 0.5?50.0 ng/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.5 ng/mL with a coefficient of  correlation (r2) = 0.9998. The intra-day and inter-day precision expressed as relative standard deviation were 1.64% – 8.43% and 2.32% – 9.92%, respectively. The average recovery of azithromycin from serum was 98.11%. The method  was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Azithromycin 200 mg/5 ml suspension in healthy Bangladeshi volunteers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12488 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 55-63, 2012 (June)

scholarly journals The Identification of Fishing Ground Area with MODIS Satellite Image (Case Study: South Coast of West Java)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketut Wikantika
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
West Java ◽  
Water Region ◽  
Computation Data

According to UNCLOS, Indonesian marine territorial covers an area equal to around 2.8 million square kilometers inner archipelagic seas. Though the Indonesian water region is very wide, the resource within it is not yet been exploited optimally. Indonesia still has problems that have to be copped with, including identification of marine fishing ground areas. This report proposes a technology to make the fish-catching be more efficient and effective with the help of MODIS satellite image in term of Surface Temperature and chlorophyll-a computation. Data conversion from digital number to Water Brightness Temperature are performed. The determination of potential fishing ground area were conducted based on temperature and chlorophyll-a parameters which serve as an indicator of upwelling and observations were carried out on parameters which show this phenomenon. Based on the result, during May 2004 the upwelling process were not happened yet, and it seems to occur in June 2004. It showes by the decreasing of water temperature in South Coast of West Java particularly between the border of West Java and Central of Java. This phenomenon acts as an indicator for the raising of primer productivity and will takes about one month after upwelling to the bloom of phytoplankton.

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