scholarly journals Eksplorasi Bakteri Pendegradasi Minyak dari Perairan Pelabuhan Tanjung Mas, Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Ita Puspitasari ◽  
Agus Trianto ◽  
Jusup Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Fuel Spills ◽  
Seawater Samples

ABSTRAK: Tanjung Mas merupakan salah satu kawasan pelabuhan di Jawa Tengah yang terus mengalami peningkatan jumlah kapal setiap tahunnya. Hal ini berimbas pada semakin meningkatnya tumpahan minyak solar yang masuk ke perairan. Upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengurangi jumlah tumpahan minyak solar di Pelabuhan Tanjung Mas yaitu dengan melakukan penelitian bioremediasi menggunakan bakteri indigenouse. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan yaitu mendapatkan isolat bakteri air laut asal Pelabuhan Tanjung Mas, Semarang yang mampu mendegradasi minyak solar dan mengetahui kemampuan masing-masing isolat untuk mendegradasi minyak solar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2019 dengan pengambilan sample air laut menggunakan metode purpossive sampling, metode isolasi menggunakan pour plate, metode uji minyak secara gravimetri dan pertumbuhan bakteri menggunakan Standart Plate Count (SPC). Hasil isolasi yaitu didapatkan 2 isolat unggul yaitu bakteri Alcanivorax nanhaiticus dan Halomonas meridiana. Bakteri Alcanivorax nanhaiticus mampu mendegradasi 54% minyak solar dan Halomonas meridiana mampu mendegradasi 72% minyak solar. Kedua bakteri merupakan bakteri hidrokarbonoklastik atau bakteri yang memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi minyak solar (hidrokarbon) karena mengandung enzim monooksigenase. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa di Pelabuhan Tanjung Mas terdapat bakteri yang mampu mendegradasi minyak solar yaitu Alcanivorax nanhaiticus dan Halomonas meridiana. Kedua isolat mampu mendegradasi lebih dari 50% minyak solar yang diujikan. ABSTRACT: Tanjung Mas is one of the port areas in Central Java that continues to experience an increase in the number of ships each year. This has an impact on the increasing amount of diesel fuel spills that enter the waters. Efforts that can be made to reduce the number of diesel fuel spills in the Port of Tanjung Mas is to conduct bioremediation research using indigenous bacteria. The purpose of this study was to obtain seawater bacterial isolates from the Port of Tanjung Mas, Semarang that can degrade diesel fuel and determine the ability of  each isolate  to degrade diesel fuel. This research was conducted in July to October 2019 by taking seawater samples using a purposive sampling method, isolation method using pour plates, gravimetric fuel test methods and bacterial growth using Standard Plate Count (SPC). The results of the isolation were obtained 2 superior isolates namely Alcanivorax nanhaiticus and Halomonas meridiana. Alcanivorax nanhaiticus can degrade 54% of diesel fuel and Halomonas meridiana can degrade 72% of diesel fuel. Both bacteria are hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria or bacteria that can degrade diesel oil (hydrocarbons) because they contain the enzyme monooxsigenase. From this study, it can be concluded that at Tanjung Mas Port there are bacteria that can degrade diesel fuel, namely Alcanivorax nanhaiticus and Halomonas meridiana. Both isolates were able  to degrade more than 50% of the tested diesel fuel.

Comparison of 3M™ Petrifilm™ Aerobic Count Plates to Standard Plating Methodology for Use with AOAC Antimicrobial Efficacy Methods 955.14, 955.15, 964.02, and 966.04 as an Alternative Enumeration Procedure: Collaborative Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria T Nelson ◽  
Robert A LaBudde ◽  
Stephen F Tomasino ◽  
Rebecca M Pines ◽  
M Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Acceptance Criterion ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Viable Bacteria

Abstract A multilaboratory study was conducted to determine the equivalence of the 3M™ Petrifilm™ Aerobic Count Plate and standard plating methodology for measuring viable bacteria and spores recovered from hard-surface carriers (stainless steel and porcelain), also known as "control carrier counts," used in AOAC antimicrobial efficacy test methods. Six laboratories participated in the study in which carriers inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and spores of Bacillus subtilis were evaluated using 3M Petrifilm Aerobic Count (AC) plates and standard plating side-by-side. The data were analyzed using a matched-pair t-test to determine the between-method effect with confidence intervals. For all test organisms pooled across all laboratories, the mean difference in log10 concentration between the standard plate count method and 3M Petrifilm AC Plates was −0.012, with a 95% confidence interval of (−0.090, +0.066), which was well within the −0.5, +0.5 interval established as the acceptance criterion. The between-carrier SD averaged 0.139; the between-replicate SD was 0.050. The carrier reproducibility, given that a single replicate per carrier is done, was estimated to be 0.148. Although differences were seen in the final concentrations of the test organisms among laboratories, there were no statistical differences between the enumeration methods. Based on the results from this study, 3M Petrifilm AC Plates are equivalent to standard plating methodology and can be used as an alternative procedure for the enumeration of test organisms used in AOAC Methods 955.14, 955.15, 964.02, and 966.04.

Isolasi dan Seleksi Bakteri Pendegradasi Solar Dari Pelabuhan Penyeberangan Kendari – Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
M. Rajab Sutra Mijaya ◽  
Nur Arfa Yanti ◽  
Ardiansyah Ardiansyah ◽  
Nurhayani H. Muhiddin
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
The Media ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Rotary Shaker

This study aimed to obtain the ability of bacteria to degrade diesel fuel. Method of this research was exploration method. Bacteria were isolated by enrichment method used SMSSe enriched diesel 2% (v/v). Selection of hidrocarbonoclastic bacteria based on the ability of to grow on agar medium solid. The bacteria in the test made in the form of suspension with Mc Farland Standard 0.5. Test of bacterial isolates were used 10% of the inoculum put in 150 mL media with different concentrations of diesel fuel were 1%, 2% and 3% and incubated on a rotary shaker at 120 rpm. Samples were taken on 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days to test diesel emulsion by centrifugation at a speed of 3500 rpm ±15 minutes, the comparison between the media and diesel 4:1. Growth in the amount of bacteria accounted by a Standard Plate Count method. The levels of the diesel rest calculated every sampling during incubation. The selection results of obtained diesel degrading bacteria isolates that PSI.1 PSII.1 and PSIII.2. All of bacteria have the ability to degrade diesel fuel in different treatment, the best result in lowered diesel fuel that were a concentration of 3% during 20 days of incubated at PSII.1 isolate, that have the highest ability to reduce levels of diesel up to 70,70%.Keywords: Hydrocarbonoclastic, Degradation, Diesel fuels ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan bakteri dalam mendegradasi solar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksploratif. Isolasi bakteri menggunakan metode enrichment dengan media yang digunakan yaitu SMSSe yang diperkaya solar 2% (v/v). Pemilihan bakteri hidrokarbonoklastik berdasarkan kemampuan bakteri tumbuh pada media agar padat. Inokulum bakteri dibuat dalam bentuk suspensi dengan Standar Mc Farland 0,5. Pengujian kemampuan degradasi solar dilakukan menggunakan media minimal dengan variasi konsentrasi solar 1%, 2% dan 3% dan diinkubasi pada rotary shaker. Sampel diambil pada hari ke 1, 5, 10, 15 dan 20 untuk uji emulsi solar dengan menghitung volume solar yang teremulsi. Pertumbuhan jumlah bakteri dihitung dengan metode Standard Plate Count. Kadar sisa solar dihitung setiap pengambilan sampel selama inkubasi. Hasil seleksi bakteri pendegradasi solar diperoleh tiga isolat yaitu PSI.1 PSII.1 dan PSIII.2. Ketiga isolat bakteri memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi solar pada perlakuan yang berbeda, hasil terbaik dalam menurunkan kadar solar yaitu konsentrasi 3% selama 20 hari inkubasi pada isolat PSII.1 yang memiliki kemampuan tertinggi menurunkan kadar solar hingga 70,70%. Kata kunci : Hidrokarbonoklastik, Pendegradasi, Solar

scholarly journals Bakteri Pendegradasi Solar Dari Sedimen Perairan Dalam Skala Laboratorium (In Vitro)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-463
Author(s):  
Bagus Enggal Prakoso ◽  
Widianingsih Widianingsih ◽  
Sunaryo Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Initial Selection

 ABSTRAK: Pelabuhan Tanjung Mas adalah sebuah pelabuhan yang mengalami berbagai aktivitas seperti bongkar muat, aktivitas pelayaran, kapal bersandar dan lain-lain. Aktivitas antropogenik yang ada di area pelabuhan umumnya menyebabkan banyaknya jumlah minyak solar yang tumpah ke laut dan kemudian terakumulasi ke dalam sedimen dalam jangka waktu yang panjang. Jika hal ini terus terjadi maka akan mengganggu kehidupan biota demersal dan ekosistem di Pelabuhan Tanjung Mas. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya biodegradasi minyak solar menggunakan bakteri  yang ramah lingkungan dan tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan yaitu mendapatkan isolat bakteri sedimen yang mampu mendegradasi minyak solar dan mengetahui tingkat kemampuan isolat bakteri untuk mendegradasi minyak solar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Oktober 2019 dengan metode purpossive sampling, metode pour plate, metode gravimetri dan Standard Plate Count. Bakteri isolat yang didapat dari hasil isolasi sedimen kemudian diseleksi kembali menggunakan media SMSSe dan prosentase minyak solar 2%. Pada seleksi awal dengan prosentase minyak solar 2% didapatkan 2 isolat bakteri yang mampu tumbah baik pada media SMSSe dan 2% prosentase minyak solar, yaitu bakteri dengan kode isolat ISL 2 dan ISL 3. Kedua isolat bakteri hasil seleksi awal kemudian diidentifikasi dengan uji molekuler. Hasil dari uji molekuler menyatakan bahwa kedua isolat bakteri dengan kode ISL 2 dan ISL 3 berasal dari spesies yang sama, yaitu Vibrio alginolyticus. Isolat bakteri Vibrio alginlyticus yang didapat kemudian diuji daya degradasinya dengan menggunakan 2 prosentase minyak solar yang berbeda, yaitu prosentase 5% dan 10% dengan 2 pengulangan. Pada hasil uji degradasi menyatakan bahwa bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus dapat mendegradasi minyak solar yang ditambahkan pada media SMSSe. Bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus hasil isolasi mampu mendegradasi minyak solar hingga 0,8085 mL (80,85%) pada prosentase awal 10% minyak solar (1 mL) dengan periode 14 hari (H14). ABSTRACT: Tanjung Mas Port is a port that experiences a variety of activities such as loading and unloading, shipping activities, leaning ships, and others. Generally, anthropogenic activity in the port area causes large amounts of diesel oil that spills into the sea and then accumulates into the sediment over a long period. If this continues, it will disrupt the lives of demersal biota and the ecosystem in Tanjung Mas Harbor. Therefore, it is necessary to do biodegradation of diesel oil using environmentally friendly and appropriate bacteria. The purpose of this study was to obtain bacterial sediment isolates that can degrade diesel oil and determine the ability of bacterial isolates to degrade diesel oil. This research was conducted from July to October 2019 using the purposive sampling method, pour plate method, gravimetric method, and Standard Plate Count. Bacteria isolates obtained from the results of sediment isolation were then reselected using SMSSe media and a percentage of 2% diesel oil. In the initial selection with a percentage of 2% diesel oil, 2 bacterial isolates were able to grow well on SMSSe media and 2% percentage of diesel oil, namely bacteria with isolate code ISL 2 and ISL 3. The two bacterial isolates from the initial selection were identified by molecular testing. The results of the molecular test stated that the two bacterial isolates with the code ISL 2 and ISL 3 came from the same species, namely Vibrio alginolyticus. The Vibrio alginolyticus bacterial isolate obtained was then tested for its degradation power using 2 different percentages of diesel oil, namely 5% and 10% with 2 repetitions. The results of the degradation test stated that the Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria could degrade the diesel oil added to the SMSSe medium. The isolated Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria can degrade diesel oil up to 0.8085 mL (80.85%) at the initial percentage of 10% diesel oil (1 mL) with a period of 14 days (H14).

Pyruvate as an Indicator of Quality in Grading Nonfat Dry Milk1

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. MARSHALL ◽  
Y. H. LEE ◽  
B. L. O'BRIEN ◽  
W. A. MOATS
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Geometric Average ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Microscopic Count

Samples of skim milk and nonfat dry milk (NDM) made from it were collected, paired and tested for pyruvate concentration, [P], and Direct Microscopic count (DMC). The skim milk was tested for Standard Plate Count (SPC) and Psychrotrophic Plate Count (PPC). The geometric average DMC of skim milk was more than three times higher than that of the paired NDM samples. However, [P] of NDM was not significantly different from that of the skim milk. Although [P] of skim milk was poorly correlated with SPC and PPC, r = .31 and .26, respectively, it was relatively well correlated with DMC, r = .64. Data were widely dispersed around the regression line when [P] was ≤ 4.0 mg/L. However, [P] increased rapidly when DMCs were > 106/ml. A limit of 10 mg/L of [P] in NDM reconstituted 1:9 was chosen to represent the current U.S. Department of Agriculture Standard for DMC in NDM. This limit failed to classify about 10% of the samples correctly, assuming that each geometric mean DMC was correct. However, the probability that samples meeting the DMC standard would be rejected by the pyruvate test was quite low and the probability was moderate that samples which would be acceptable by the pyruvate test would be rejected by the DMC. For the latter, 28% of the samples having DMCs of ≥ 107/ml contained < 10 mg/L of pyruvate. No sample having ≥ 10 mg/L of pyruvate had a DMC of ≤ 107/ml. Pyruvate concentration in NDM did not change during storage at 5 or 32°C for 90 days.

Bioluminescence: A Rapid Indicator of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Selected Yogurt and Cheese Varieties

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. HUDSON ◽  
J. CHEN ◽  
A. R. HILL ◽  
M. W. GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate

Outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 have been commonly associated with products derived from ground beef, but recently the organism has been implicated as the causative agent in outbreaks involving yogurt and cheese. This finding has raised concern about the potential for its growth and survival in fermented dairy products. A bioluminescent strain of E. coli O157:H7 was used to determine postprocessing survival in yogurt with live cultures at pH 4.17, 4.39, and 4.47 stored at 4 and 10°C. In addition, survival of E. coli O157:H7 was monitored during the manufacture of Cottage, Colby, Romano, and Feta cheeses. Results indicated survival for 8 and 5 days at 4 and 10°C respectively in yogurt at pH 4.17, 17 and 15 days at 4 and 10°C respectively in yogurt at pH 4.39, and 17days at both 4 and 10°C in yogurt at pH 4.47. E. coli O157:H7 did not survive cooking procedures at 56°C in Cottage cheese. However, the pathogen survived for 27, 30, and 27 days in Colby, Romano, and Feta cheeses respectively. A high correlation of r2 > 0.89 was obtained between counts of bioluminescenct colonies and standard plate count for all yogurt and cheese varieties, indicating that bioluminescence was a sensitive and rapid indicator of cellular viability for E. coli O157:H7. Survival of the pathogen, as indicated by this method, is possible in highly acidic environments even at refrigeration temperatures. This poses a potential hazard should postprocessing contamination occur.

Evaluation of the 3M Dry Medium Culture Plate (Petrifilm™ SM) Method for Determining Numbers of Bacteria in Raw Milk1

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 753-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. GINN ◽  
V. S. PACKARD ◽  
T. L. FOX
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Indicator Dye

The 3M Company has developed a sample-ready system (Petrifilm ™ SM) for enumerating bacteria in milk and other food products. The testing unit consists of Standard Methods culture medium coated onto a base film and overlaid with a second film coated with a cold-water-soluble gelling agent and tetrazolium indicator dye. As such, the system is ready to accept samples of product. A pipette or 0.001-ml plate loop continuous pipetting syringe can be used for applying samples. In this study, both methods of sample addition were used and results compared with those of the Standard Plate Count (SPC) and standard Plate Loop (PL) methods for determining bacteria numbers in raw milk. In total, 108 samples were analyzed in duplicate by each of the four methods. The correlation coefficients (r) between the 3M-SPC and SPC, 3M-PL and PL, 3M-PL and SPC and PL and SPC were 0.946, 0.935, 0.941, and 0.974, respectively. Repeatability, as measured by mean log10 variance for duplicate determinations, was essentially the same for the four methods, and in all instances less than 0.005. The mean log10 differences between the SPC and 3M-SPC, and SPC and 3M-PL were, respectively, −0.177 and −0.168. The preceding statistical criteria suggest the Petrifilm™ SM method to be a suitable alternative to the SPC or the PL procedure.

scholarly journals Comparison of Probiotic Isolate Growth in Natural Culture with Various Carbon Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Sitti Nur Ilmiah ◽  
Zaraswati Dwyana ◽  
Asadi Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate

Probiotik merupakan mikroba hidup yang memberikan pengaruh menguntungkan pada inang karena dapat menyeimbangkan mikroba yang ada dalam saluran pencernaan menjadi meningkat. Pemanfaatan tersebut dapat memberikan pengaruh positif dan kesehatan bagi inang sehingga sangat baik untuk diaplikasikan. Pemanfaatan bahan alami dapat menekan biaya media tumbuh sehingga perlu penggantian media sintetik dengan media alami karena memiliki harga yang relatif lebih murah tetapi mengandung nutrien penting bagi pertumbuhan mikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan isolat probiotik berdasarkan lama waktu kutur dalam media alami yang mengandung sumber karbon berbeda. Pertumbuhan isolat probiotik dalam berbagai sumber karbon dilakukan melalui metode Standard Plate Count (SPC). Melalui metode SPC didapatkan jumlah koloni isolat G dari masing-masing media berupa kanji, sagu, dan dedak yaitu 2,3 x 108 Cfu/mL, 6,4 x 106 Cfu/mL, dan 4,3 x 106 Cfu/mL selama 48 jam; 2,6 x 108 Cfu/mL, 1,6 x 108 Cfu/mL, dan 1,0 x 108 Cfu/mL selama 96 jam; 4,6 x 108 Cfu/mL, 1,8 x 108 Cfu/mL, dan 1,2 x 108 Cfu/mL selama 144 jam. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa isolat G mampu ditumbuhkan dalam media alami berupa kanji, sagu dan dedak.

Microbiological Quality of Shellfish-Growing Waters in Chesapeake Bay

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
TUU-JYI CHAI ◽  
TZYY-JAN HAN ◽  
RALPH R. COCKEY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate

A total of 338 water samples were collected at 20 stations from three geographically shellfish-growing areas in Chesapeake Bay from May to September 1989. Samples were examined for standard plate count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and coliphages. Salinity, dissolved oxygen and temperature varied slightly with the depth, season, and geographic area of water samples. The geometric means of standard plate count for the three areas were 135, 355 and 275/ml, respectively. The range of means of fecal coliform for these areas was from <3 to 93/100 mi. Escherichia coli counts were also low with a range of <3 to 93/100 mi and a mean of < 3/100 mi. The growing water area adjacent to cropland was found to have higher bacterial counts than those of the other two areas. Levels of male-specific phages were very low. Results indicate that shellfish-growing waters in all three areas were of satisfactory bacteriological quality.

A STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF THE 3M BRAND AUTOMATIC COLONY COUNTER1,2

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 435-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Packard ◽  
Roy E. Ginn
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Culture Plate ◽  
Counter Model ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Colony Counter

The 3M Brand Automatic Colony Counter, Model 620, was evaluated and compared with three laboratory technicians on raw milk Standard Plate Count (SPC) cultures over the range of counts from 0–300 colonies per culture plate. Overall, the estimated total variance for the three technicians was 15.07, for the 3M unit 17.82. On plates averaging greater than 150 colonies the 3M unit and hand counts were about equal in Variability. On lower counts the 3M device was somewhat more variable, although within what would appear to be acceptable limits. For the range of data studied, 99.4% of the variance (for the average of three counts by either method) could be accounted for by a similar average of observations using the other method. The 3M unit averaged 2.33 counts higher than technician counts.

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