scholarly journals An outline of economic impacts of management options for Šumava National Park

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Dickie ◽  
Guy Whiteley ◽  
Pavel Kindlmann ◽  
Zdenka Křenová ◽  
Jaromír Bláha
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Management Options

Parasitic Crustaceans

2020 ◽  
pp. 401-434
Author(s):  
Barbara F. Nowak ◽  
Melissa B. Martin ◽  
Sebastián Boltaña
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Crustacean Parasites ◽  
Important Fish

This chapter provides a brief overview of crustacean parasites that infect commercially important fish and shellfish. Crustaceans are a diverse group of arthropods, with over 60,000 species that are significant to the aquaculture and fisheries sector, including parasitic species affecting other crustaceans, mollusks, and fishes. This chapter focuses on parasitic caligid copepods (sea lice), cymothoid isopods, and pea crabs of high economic impacts on commercially important aquatic species. The biology of the parasites, their effects on their hosts, the epidemiology of the infections, and economic impacts of these groups are described. Chemical treatments and husbandry modifications as management options for a range of crustacean parasites are presented, which includes the use of cleaner fish to remove parasites, specially designed cages to reduce infestation of parasites, or moving farms to deeper waters. The utilization of crustacean parasites as marine pest controls is further discussed, with emphasis on either its potential benefits or the negative effects on native crab populations. Despite the continuous adverse impacts parasitic crustaceans have on aquaculture, the progressive understanding of their biology and ecology may eventually lead to mitigation, if not complete eradication, of the parasites.

scholarly journals Eco-epidemiological and pathological features of wildlife mortality events related to cyanobacterial bio-intoxication in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Bengis ◽  
Danny Govender ◽  
Emily Lane ◽  
Jan Myburgh ◽  
Paul Oberholster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Management Options ◽  
South Central ◽  
Wildlife Mortality

Over the past decade, several clustered, multispecies, wildlife mortality events occurred in the vicinity of two man-made earthen dams in the southern and south central regions of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. On field investigation, heavy cyanobacterial blooms were visible in these impoundments and analysis of water samples showed the dominance of Microcystis spp. (probably Microcystis aeruginosa). Macroscopic lesions seen at necropsy and histopathological lesions were compatible with a diagnosis of cyanobacterial intoxication. Laboratory toxicity tests and assays also confirmed the presence of significant levels of microcystins in water from the two dams. These outbreaks occurred during the dry autumn and early winter seasons when water levels in these dams were dropping, and a common feature was that all the affected dams were supporting a large number of hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibius). It is hypothesised that hippopotamus’ urine and faeces, together with agitation of the sediments, significantly contributed to internal loading of phosphates and nitrogen – leading to eutrophication of the water in these impoundments and subsequent cyanobacterial blooms. A major cause for concern was that a number of white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) were amongst the victims of these bio-intoxication events. This publication discusses the eco-epidemiology and pathology of these clustered mortalities, as well as the management options considered and eventually used to address the problem.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics and Possible Management Options for the Rock Dassie Procavia capensis Population in the Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fairall ◽  
N. Hanekom
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Simple Simulation ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
Procavia Capensis

A demographic study of the rock dassie population in the Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park rest camp has provided data that is used to construct a simple simulation model and it is applied to evaluate different management strategies for the rock dassie population.

The impact of trampling on feldmark vegetation in Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. McDougall ◽  
G. T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Cushion Plants ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
The Impact

A popular walking track in Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales, passes through areas of feldmark vegetation, a windswept community of sparse dwarf shrubs, cushion plants and herbs. The prevailing westerly winds in this area prune the windward edges of the dominant Epacris gunnii shrubs. Layering on the protected side effectively means that the shrubs slowly move across the ridgetops. Twenty-five transects were placed perpendicular to the track in a patch of feldmark north of Mt Kosciuszko. The density of selected species and the total number of species were recorded in quadrats placed in the track centre, track edges and feldmark vegetation at 5 and 10 m from both sides of the track to determine whether the track has interrupted feldmark processes and affected species abundance. The abundance of all species and the number of species per quadrat was lowest in the track centre. Three species (including E. gunnii) were found to be less abundant on the leeward edge of the track than on the windward edge, suggesting that the track has indirectly interfered with feldmark processes. Two of the species were as abundant on track edges as at 5 and 10 m from the track. The area of affected vegetation is currently very small and it may take decades before the effect is obvious to people using the track. Management options for reducing or eliminating the impact are discussed.

Boating impacts to seagrass in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, Florida, USA: links with physical and visitor-use factors and implications for management

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Hallac ◽  
Jimi Sadle ◽  
Leonard Pearlstine ◽  
Fred Herling ◽  
Dilip Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Florida Bay ◽  
Everglades National Park ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Visitor Use ◽  
Use Factors

Recreational motor boating in shallow water can damage submerged natural resources through propeller scarring and these impacts represent one of many factors that affect the health of seagrass ecosystems. Understanding the patterns of seagrass scarring and associations with physical and visitor-use factors can assist in development of management plans that seek to minimise resource damage within marine protected areas. A quantification of seagrass scarring of Florida Bay in Everglades National Park, using aerial imagery, resulted in the detection of a substantial number and length of seagrass scars. Geospatial analyses indicated that scarring was widespread, with the densest areas found in shallow depths, near navigational channels, and around areas most heavily used by boats. Modelling identified areas of high scarring probability, including areas that may experience increased scarring in the future as a result of a reallocation of impacts if management strategies are implemented. New boating-management strategies are warranted to protect seagrass in Florida Bay. An adaptive approach focusing on the most heavily scarred areas, should consider a variety of management options, including education, improved signage, new enforcement efforts and boating restrictions, such as non-motorised zones, or temporary closures. These methods and recommendations are broadly applicable to management of shallow water systems before and after resource impacts have occurred.

scholarly journals History, rationale, and lessons learned: Thresholds of potential concern in Kruger National Park river adaptive management

Koedoe ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. McLoughlin ◽  
Andrew Deacon ◽  
Hendrik Sithole ◽  
Thomas Gyedu-Ababio
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Learning And Adaptation

The Kruger National Park’s (KNP) adopted system of management, called Strategic Adaptive Management (SAM), originated during the Kruger National Park Rivers Research Programme (KNPRRP) of the 1990s. An important concept in SAM is the thresholds of potential concern (TPCs), representing end-points in a continuum of change. TPCs within the KNP SAM system guide management if or when reached, ‘red-flagging’ possible negative biodiversity impacts and catalysing consideration of management options. TPC-related monitoring generates the strategic information for ongoing evaluation, learning and adaptation within SAM. Post- KNPRRP, although river flow and water quality TPCs have been implemented partly, those designed to detect undesirable changes in biodiversity have not been implemented, until recently. This paper describes the history, rationale, application and ongoing developments associated with the KNP river TPCs over the last decade, providing some key lessons for organisations utilising SAM. The paper concludes with an overview of new thinking and future directions envisaged for the KNP river TPCs, as part of the KNP SAM system. Conservation implications: This paper documents important concepts of strategic adaptive management associated with the KNP river systems. Understanding, related to the rationale and justification for use and development or refinement of the thresholds of potential concern, lays an important foundation for ongoing work in managing these rivers adaptively.

scholarly journals Die-off of Utah Juniper Natural Bridges National Monument

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Darrell Weber ◽  
David Nelson
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Management Options ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Foliar Damage ◽  
Utah Juniper

The pinyon-juniper woodland is a wide spread vegetation type in the southwestern United States that is estimated to cover from 30 to 40 million hectares. They pinyon-juniper vegetation provides a source of fuel, building materials, charcoal, pine nuts, christmas trees and folk medicines. About 80% of the acreage is grazed by livestock and wildlife. In Utah, this ecosystem is a large component (62,705 km2 or 28.6%) of the vegetation. Particularly in the Utah National Parks, the pinyon-juniper woodlands valued for their watershed, aesthetic and recreational values. Over the past several years extensive foliar damage to Utah juniper (Juniperus osterosperma (Torr.) Little) has been observed in the Natural Bridges National Monument. The characteristic pattern is for the distal foliage to become chlorotic and die. Mortality progresses along twigs until whole branches or even the entire tree dies. Reports of similar foliar damage has been reported in Canyonlands National Park, Arches National Park, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado National Monument, areas near Cedar City in southwestern Utah and in eastern Nevada, which would indicate that the foliar damage is a widespread problem. The cause for the foliar damage is unknown. The loss of juniper trees in the national parks in southern Utah would have a dramatic ecological impact and would be an aesthetic blight in the parks. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the cause of the die-off of Utah junipers and suggest management options concerning the juniper die-off problem.

scholarly journals Does Public Participation Shift German National Park Priorities Away from Nature Conservation?

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Dupke ◽  
Carsten F. Dormann ◽  
Marco Heurich
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Park Management ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Management Options ◽  
National Park Management ◽  
Natural Systems

SummaryNational park management has the dual mission of protecting and conserving natural systems and providing services to visitors. These two goals are often contradictory, especially when levels of recreation and tourism increase. We studied whether and how the management of the 13 terrestrial national parks in Germany respond to increasing numbers of visitors. One to three managers from each national park completed an online questionnaire and were then interviewed by phone. We found no general strategy for managing high levels of recreational use. Adaptation to increasing visitor numbers seemed to be complex and arduous. Management options are particularly constrained by the mandatory public participation process, in which various stakeholders are involved in decision-making. Given the political pressure to make amends for restrictions imposed by designated protected areas, national park management is characterized by compromises, which results in a shift of priorities from conservation towards service provision. We argue that to maintain the balance between the dual objectives of conservation and recreation, park managers need the support of both social and biological research communities. Above all, the unique ecological merits of national parks could be more strongly highlighted to increase the general public’s acceptance of park restrictions.

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