scholarly journals The relationship of hs-CRP, vitronectin and NT-proBNP serum levels with the extent and severity of cardiac complications in patients with organophosphate pesticide poisoning

2022 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Zhang You-gui ◽  
Sun Jie ◽  
Han Ruo-Dong ◽  
Wang Yan-Hong ◽  
Li Gen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Organophosphate Poisoning ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticide ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hs Crp

Acute organophosphate poisoning kills tens of thousands of people annually around the world. These substances are widely used as insecticides in homes, industry, and agricultural environments. Due to the ease of access, they can cause accidental or intentional risks of exposure through the skin or respiratory contact. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of hs-CRP, Vitronectin, and NT-proBNP and their relationship with the extent and severity of cardiac complications in patients with organophosphate pesticide poisoning. In this descriptive-comparative study, 160 patients were studied with acute organophosphate poisoning. Also, for better comparison, 40 healthy individuals participated in this study. Diagnosis of organophosphate poisoning was based on clinical findings of serum butyrylcholinesterase levels. The hs-CRP measurement was performed by an autoanalyzer (Abbott, model Alcyon 300, USA) with the ELISA hs-CRP kit (The apDia Company, Belgium). Vitronectin (VN) measurements were performed by ELISA method and Glory science human VN kit with Catalog No: 11668. NT-ProBNP serum levels were analyzed by ProBNP assay kit (Roche, Germany) by ECLIA method using Elecsys 2010 Analyzer. The most important variables studied in this study were the electrical activity and conduction system of the heart, PR distance, QTC interval, and T-wave changes. In this study, most of the patients were women and girls (60.78%). The highest percentage of organophosphate poisoning was in the age group of 15-24 years (37.25%). In most cases (78.43%), poisoning was intentional or suicidal. Evaluation of electrophysiological abnormalities of the heart showed that 89 patients (55.62%) had long QTC interval (>450 msec), 43 cases (26.87%) had possible long QTC (431-450 msec), and 28 cases (17.5%) had normal QTC (<430 msec). Only 9.37% of cases (n = 15) showed an increase in P-R distance, which is characteristic of the first-degree ventricular atrial block. Sinus bradycardia occurred in 57 cases (35.62%) and sinus tachycardia in 43 cases (26.87%); in 60 cases (37.5%), the pulse rate was normal. Smooth T-wave changes were observed in 9.8% of patients and reverse T-wave was observed in 17.6%. A long T-wave was not reported in any case. In only two cases (1.25%) was grade 1 ventricular atrial block and grade 2 and 3 blocks were not observed. In general, there was a significant difference in the hs-CRP, vitronectin, and NT-proBNP serum levels between the patient and control groups in all studied variables. These parameters were also related to the extent and severity of the disease.

scholarly journals Is Systemic Inflammation Associated With Elevated PSA Serum Levels In Patients Submitted Chronic Hemodialysis?

10.3823/2522 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Pereira Silva ◽  
Vitor Pereira Xavier Grangeiro
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Elevation ◽  
Hs Crp

Backgroundː whereas that systemic inflammation (SI) affects 40–60% of patients on hemodialysis (HD) is characterized by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level elevation or proinflammatory interleukin production or both. We evaluated the association between SI and total (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) in patients on HD with tPSA <4ng / ml. Methodsː Sixty patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing HD and 20 controls were included. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 18-60 years; tPSA < 4 ng/mL without clinically detectable prostate cancer; and patients undergoing HD for >6 months. Patients were excluded if they had local infections or SI. Hs-CRP was measured using turbidimetry, and tPSA and fPSA levels using immunochemoluminescence. Overall, 27 patients had inflammation (hs-CRP >5 mg/L) and 33 had no inflammation (hs-CRP was ≤5 mg/L). In the control group, hs-CRP was ≤ 1 mg/L. Resultsː there was no significant difference in mean levels among groups 3 and 4 for age (p=0,058), tPSA (p=0,74) and fPSA (p=0,30). The SI did not promote differences between groups 1, 2 and 4 for the levels of tPSA (0,71 ± 0,18  vs   0,67 ± 0,15  vs  0,67 ± 0,11; p=0,69) and fPSA (0,34  ±  0,01  vs  0,34  ±  0,01  vs   0,35  ±  0,01, p= 0,59) . As well as maintained no correlation with tPSA and fPSA (p>0,05). Conclusionː The systemic inflammation in hemodialytic patients without clinically detectable cancer (PSA<4ng/ml) is no associated with changes fractions of tPSA and fPSA.

Abstract 15766: Repolarization Parameters are Significantly Prolonged in Many Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W Dodd ◽  
Kendra D Elm ◽  
Erin M Dodd ◽  
Stephen W Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Bundle Branch Block ◽  
Conduction Disturbances ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Acute Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Introduction: In patients with normal conduction, prolongation of repolarization parameters such as the QTc interval, JTc interval, and T-wave peak to end (Tpe) interval are associated with cardiac ischemia, ventricular tachydysrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. These intervals are often considered “prolonged” at QTc >450 ms, JTc > 360 ms, and Tpe > 120 ms. We are unable to find published manuscripts that report these parameters in LBBB. Furthermore, it has been proposed that the Bazett correction formula for QTc and JTc overestimates repolarization duration in patients with conduction disturbances. Aim: To report the QTc, JTc, and Tpe intervals in ED patients with LBBB with and without MI and to compare common correction formulas. Methods: Retrospectively, we identified ED patients with LBBB and ischemic symptoms: with no MI, with NSTEMI, and with angiographically-proven acute coronary occlusion (STEMI). The QT, JT, and Tpe intervals were measured manually in leads II, V3, and V5; the longest of each was used. QTc and JTc intervals were calculated by Bazett’s, Hodges’ and Framingham formulas. Statistics were by two-tailed Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The no-MI, NSTEMI, and STEMI groups consisted of 105, 24 and 33 patients. In the STEMI group, 24.3% of patients had Tpe >= 120 ms compared to 4.8% of no-MI patients (p < 0.001). By Hodges’ formula, 53.1% of patients with LBBB had QTc >= 450 ms and 12.3% had JTc >= 360 ms. Conclusion: Repolarizaton parameters are prolonged in many patients with LBBB. The Tpe interval, which has been proposed as a marker of transmural repolarization heterogeneity due to ischemia, is significantly prolonged in patients with STEMI and LBBB when compared to LBBB patients without MI. Between the STEMI, NSTEMI, and no-MI groups there was no significant difference in QTc or JTc by any formula (see Table 1). However, the overall mean QTc by Bazett’s was significantly longer than Hodge’s or Framingham (see Table 2).

Electrocardiographic Screening for Cardiac Iron in Thalassemia Major.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2766-2766
Author(s):  
Jon A. Detterich ◽  
Janelle Miller ◽  
Thomas D. Coates ◽  
John C. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Cardiac Iron ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Cardiac Iron Overload ◽  
Ecg Abnormalities

Abstract Electrocardiographic abnormalities are common in Thalassemia Major patients as well as in animal models of iron overload. The relationship between these ECG abnormalities and the degree of cardiac iron overload has not been well characterized. Hypothesis: Standard 12-lead ECG identifies preclinical cardiac iron deposition. Methods: Fifty-four patients with Thalassemia Major underwent MRI quantification of cardiac iron within one month of a standard 12-lead ECG. Cardiac T2* measurements to quantify iron were performed using a validated multiecho gradient-echo sequence performed on a 1.5 Tesla General Electric CVi scanner. The PR, QRS, QT, and QTc durations as well as P-wave, T-wave and QRS axes and heart rates were measured. Normative data was derived from 20 control patients without detectable cardiac iron (T2* > 20 ms) and age-appropriate norms were created for each ECG criteria. Z-scores for the ECG parameters were then calculated for 34 patients having detectable cardiac iron (T2* < 20ms). Results: ECG parameters varied significantly with age, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.39 (QTc interval) to 0.66 (PR interval). Cardiac iron was associated with lower heart rates (Z=−0.44, p=0.06), QTc prolongation (Z=0.48, p=0.04) and leftward shift of the P and T wave axes [P-Axis (Z = −1.53, p<0.001); T-Axis (Z= −1.91, p<0.001)]. In total, 31 of 34 pts with cardiac iron had one or more ECG abnormalities (|Z|>2), compared to only 7 of 20 control pts (p<0.0001). Subjective ECG review was consistent with Z-score. The most common abnormalities associated with cardiac iron were non-specific ST-T wave changes (n = 15), sinus bradycardia (n=4), symmetric T-wave inversions (n = 4) and LVH (n = 4). The presence of any of these findings on ECG predicts detectable cardiac iron with a sensitivity and specificity of 68% and 85%. A combined metric of PR prolongation (Z>2), left shift of P or T axis (Z<–2), bradycardia, LVH, ST changes, or symmetric T-wave inversions produced a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 75% for detectable cardiac iron. Conclusions: Cardiac iron overload produces characteristic abnormalities in atrial conduction and ventricular repolarization. ECG may be an effective and inexpensive screening modality for cardiac iron overload. Figure Figure Figure Figure

scholarly journals The Relationship between Serum Levels of Hs-CRP and Coronary Lesion Severity

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehdi Razban ◽  
Masoud Eslami ◽  
Ataollah Bagherzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Gensini Score ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coronary Lesions ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Background and aim. It is very important to know the risk factors of coronary artery disease and the role of inflammatory markers. One of these markers is hs-CRP that has been indicated to increase in patients with coronary artery atherosclerosis. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between serum levels of hs-CRP and coronary lesion severity.Methods. In the current study, we evaluated the role of hs-CRP in coronary artery disease and measured the relationship between serum hs-CRP levels and the severity of coronary lesions in 102 patients who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Iran. The number of involved coronary arteries was measured. The severity of coronary lesions was evaluated by Gensini scoring method and the association between severity of coronary artery lesions and serum hs-CRP levels and other risk factors were examined.Results. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of gender. Severity of lesions had no significant difference according to Gensini score in women compared with men. Mean Gensini score was significant between the two groups (66.79±48.12 in hs-CRP positive group versus 21.09±26.25 in negative ones, p<0.05). In addition, diabetic patients were significantly more in hs-CRP positive group than negative hs-CRP group (P<0.05). In terms of smoking, there was a significant difference between the two groups. Percentage of patients with hypercholesterolemia was significantly higher in hs-CRP negative group. There was a significant difference in severity of lesions between smokers and non-smokers.Conclusion. No significant correlation was observed between serum levels of hs-CRP and severity and angiographic extent on coronary arteries in our study. Considering the potential risk of coronary inflammatory process as a new variable, it can help discover new cases of coronary lesions and follow-up and control of the selected cases.

scholarly journals Expression levels of plasma exosomal miR-124, miR-125b, miR-133b, miR-130a and miR-125b-1-3p in severe asthma patients and normal individuals with emphasis on inflammatory factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Atashbasteh ◽  
Esmaeil Mortaz ◽  
Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani ◽  
Hamidreza Jamaati ◽  
Abdolamir Allameh
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Total Ige ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Background Identification of molecular markers, such as miRNAs is promising for the diagnosis of asthma and its clinical phenotypes. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the expression of selected microRNAs in plasma exosomal fractions of severe asthma patients. The expression of miRNAs was determined in relation to the changes in inflammatory markers. Method Severe asthma patients (n = 30) and healthy subjects (n = 30) were selected among the individuals referred to asthma and allergy clinic. Blood was collected from each participant to determine the serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and total IgE. The exosomal fraction of plasma was isolated and processed for quantitation of miR-124, miR-125b, miR-133b, miR-130a and miR-125b-1-3p expression using quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results Serum hs-CRP and total IgE were significantly higher in asthma patients compared to controls. Expression of miR-124, miR-133b, and miR-130a was down-regulated in asthma patients as compared to controls (p < 0.0001). However, the expression of miR-125b was substantially higher in patients compared to controls (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the expression of miR-125b-1-3p in the patients and controls. Data analysis revealed that among the miRNAs, changes in miR-125b in severe asthma patients were highly correlated with the serum levels of hs-CRP and IgE. Conclusion Overexpression of miR-125b in severe asthma which was associated with serum IgE and hs-CRP may suggest that this molecule is linked to inflammatory reactions. Up-regulation of miR-125b together with decreased expression of miR-124, miR-133b, and miR-130a may suggest that this miRNA profile is useful for diagnosis and discrimination of clinical phenotypes of asthma.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Garlic Consumption and Regular Exercise in Sedentary Overweight Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Gholami ◽  
Jabar Bashiri ◽  
Naser Amanollahi
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Hs Crp

Background: A sedentary lifestyle can result in chronic inflammation, which is a risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Lifestyle modifications, including physical activity and herbal supplements, may have health benefits. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of regular exercise and garlic consumption on some inflammatory biomarkers in sedentary overweight individuals. Methods: Forty-four sedentary overweight male participants (20 - 30 years) were randomized to the following groups: Exercise + garlic (ES), exercise + placebo (E), garlic (G), and placebo (P). The training protocol included 20 - 45 minutes of walking/running at 60 to 75% of the maximum heart rate, three sessions per week for eight weeks. Participants consumed two capsules containing 500 milligrams of garlic powder or placebo (starch) per day. Before and 48 h after the exercise intervention and supplement administration, blood samples were collected to assess the hs-CRP and TNF-α serum levels. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used to analyze the data at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: A significant difference was observed between the groups regarding the hs-CRP and TNF-α levels after the experimental period (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between EG and placebo groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings, garlic consumption, along with exercise training could exert anti-inflammatory properties in overweight subjects.

scholarly journals A Risk Stratification Model for Cardiovascular Complications during the 3-Month Period after Major Elective Vascular Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladjan Golubovic ◽  
Dragana Stanojevic ◽  
Milan Lazarevic ◽  
Velimir Peric ◽  
Tomislav Kostic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
European Society ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hs Crp

Introduction. The Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) is an extensively used simple risk stratification tool advocated by the European Society of Cardiology and European Society of Anesthesiology (ESC/ESA). Purpose. The aim of this study was to find the best model for predicting 3-month cardiovascular complications in elective major vascular surgical patients using preoperative clinical assessment, calculation of the RCRI and Vascular Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (V-POSSUM) scores, and the preoperative levels of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT pro-BNP), high-sensitivity troponin I (hs TnI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs CRP). Materials and Methods. We included 122 participants in a prospective, single-center, observational study. The levels of NT pro-BNP, hs CRP, and hs TnI were measured 48 hours prior to surgery. During the perioperative period and 90 days after surgery the following adverse cardiac events were recorded: myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, acute decompensated heart failure, and cardiac arrest. Results. During the first 3 months after surgery 29 participants (23.8%) had 50 cardiac complications. There was a statistically significant difference in the RCRI score between participants with and without cardiac complications. ROC analysis showed that a combination of RCRI with hs TnI has good discriminatory power (AUC 0.909, p<0,001). By adding NT pro-BNP concentrations to the RCRI+hs TnI+V-POSSSUM combination we obtained the model with the best predictive power for 3-month cardiac complications (AUC 0.963, p<0,001). Conclusion. We need to improve preoperative risk assessment in participants scheduled for major vascular surgery by combining their clinical scores with biomarkers. Therefore, it is possible to identify patients at risk of cardiovascular complications who need adequate preoperative diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Usefulness of hs-CRP and Ferritin Assays in Patients with Nasal Polyps

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Partyka ◽  
Jacek Pałac ◽  
Zbigniew Paluch ◽  
Bożena Szyguła-Jurkiewicz ◽  
Grzegorz Namysłowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Hs Crp

Background.Chronic nature of the nasal polyps, tendency to recurrence, and lack of satisfying treatment need the diagnostic’s parameters which show early inflammatory state as ferritin and hs-CRP.The Aim of Study.Assessment of hs-CRP and ferritin blood levels in nasal polyps patients in evaluation of treatment efficacy.Methods.All 38 patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 19 patients with anti-inflammatory therapy 2 weeks after surgery. Group II included 19 patients without anti-inflammatory therapy 2 weeks after surgery. The levels of hs-CRP and ferritin have been assessed before and 2 and 6 weeks after surgical treatment.Results.Research showed statistically significant difference of ferritin’s concentration between examined groups 6 weeks after surgery (P<0.05) and statistically significant difference of hs-CRP concentration 2 and 6 weeks after surgery (P<0.05).Conclusion.(1) The analysis of serum ferritin and hs-CRP concentrations can be useful in early postoperative detection of inflammatory state in patients with nasal polyps and for the effectiveness of therapy. (2) Lack of correlation between mean ferritin and hs-CRP serum levels, at each diagnostic and monitoring stage, shows that they are independent and cannot be determined interchangeably.

Serum Retinol and β-carotene Levels and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Morbid Obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Villaça Chaves ◽  
Gisele Gonçalves de Souza ◽  
Andréa Cardoso de Matos ◽  
Dra. Wilza Abrantes Peres ◽  
Silvia Elaine Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
World Health ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Β Carotene

Objective: To evaluate retinol and β-carotene serum levels and their relationship with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals with morbid obesity, resident in Rio de Janeiro. Methodology: Blood serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene of 189 morbidly obese individuals were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO). Lipid profile, insulin resistance, basal insulin, glycemia, blood pressure, and anthropometry and their correlation with retinol and β-carotene serum levels were evaluated. Results: Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was observed in 49.0% of the sample. Within this percentage the levels of β-carotene were significantly lower when body mass index increased. Serum retinol didn't show this behavior. Serum retinol inadequacy in patients with metabolic syndrome (61.3%), according to WHO criterion, was higher (15.8%) than when the whole sample was considered (12.7%). When metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by NCEP criterion, β-carotene inadequacy was higher (42.8%) when compared to the total sample (37.5%). There was a significant difference between average β-carotene values of patients with and without metabolic syndrome (p=0.048) according to the classification of the NCEP. Lower values were found in patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Considering the vitamin A contribution in antioxidant protection, especially when risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present, it is suggested that great attention be given to morbidly obese. This could aid in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, which affects a significant part of the population.

Osteoprotegerin and Osteopontin Serum Levels are Associated with Vascular Function and Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Maniatis ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Manolis Vavuranakis ◽  
Marina Zaromytidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Stable Cad

Background: Osteoprotegerin and osteopontin have recently emerged as key factors in both vascular remodelling and atherosclerosis progression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine with a key role in atherosclerosis. The relationship of osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, and IL-6 serum levels with endothelial function and arterial stiffness was evaluated in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We enrolled 219 patients with stable CAD and 112 control subjects. Osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 serum levels were measured using an ELISA assay. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness. Results: There was no significant difference between control subjects and CAD patients according to age and sex. Compared with control subjects, CAD patients had significantly impaired FMD (p<0.001) and increased PWV (p=0.009). CAD patients also had significantly higher levels of osteoprotegerin (p<0.001), osteopontin (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p=0.03), compared with control subjects. Moreover, IL-6 levels were correlated with osteoprotegerin (r=0.17, p=0.01) and osteopontin (r=0.30, p<0.001) levels. FMD was correlated with osteoprotegerin levels independent of possible confounders [b coefficient= - 0.79, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.05), p=0.04]. Conclusion: CAD patients have increased osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 levels. Moreover, there is a consistent association between osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels, vascular function and inflammation in CAD patients. These findings suggest another possible mechanism linking osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels with CAD progression through arterial wall stiffening and inflammation.

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