scholarly journals Morphological variations in geographically isolated populations of Bryum coronatum Schwager (Bryaceae, Bryales)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
Shewli Bhattacharya ◽  
Sri Narayan Ojha ◽  
Samit Ray
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Cell ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Spore Ornamentation ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Capsule Size ◽  
One Way Anova

Four populations of Bryum coronatum Schwager (Bryaceae, Bryales), collected from widely separated geographic regions - Sambalpur, Odisha; Lataguri, West Bengal; Gangtok and Changu, Sikkim; were studied with regard to variation in taxonomically significant morphological features as well as their dimension of both gametophytic and sporophytic features. In this study special emphasis has been put on spore dimension and spore ornamentation pattern as revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Dimension of taxonomically significant morphological parameters were measured for four populations and were subjected to analysis of variance (One way ANOVA) and Principal component analysis (PCA). ANNOVA results showed significant variation for all features except leaf length and upper leaf cell breadth. PCA results corroborated ANNOVA result only for upper leaf cell breadth. Spore ornamentation as revealed through SEM, is found to be bacculate in all the populations. CCA graph revealed that summer, winter temperature and monsoon rainfall influence leaf size, lamina cell size, capsule size, peristome size and spore size. With the help of above mentioned observations and statistical analysis the morphological variations, due to phenotypic plasticity have been quantified to reach at a meaningful conclusion. Taxonomic significance of spore dimension and wall ornamentation is also discussed.

scholarly journals A Study of Morphophysiological Descriptors of Cultivated Anthurium andraeanum Hort.

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1234-1240
Author(s):  
Winston Elibox ◽  
Pathmanathan Umaharan
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Anthurium Andraeanum ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
The Right ◽  
Leaf Parameters

Sixteen morphophysiological parameters of horticultural importance were investigated in 82 anthurium accessions grown in the Caribbean. The spathe colors included red, pink, white, green, orange, purple, coral, and brown and obake types with red, pink, and white spathe colors accounting for 63.4% of the accessions. There was wider variation in spadix color combinations than spathe color. There was wide variation for the cut flower and leaf parameters evaluated with productivity and peduncle length having the smallest and largest range, respectively. The frequency distributions were skewed to the right for spathe length, spathe width, spathe size, spadix length, spadix diameter, leaf width, leaf size, and productivity and was normal for leaf length, spadix angle, peduncle length, petiole length, and spathe showiness. Accessions with wider leaves had longer leaves and longer petioles; those with longer spathes had wider spathes; and those with longer peduncles had correspondingly longer petioles. Peduncle length also showed moderate, weak correlations with other leaf measurements and spathe parameters, respectively. Spadix diameter showed moderate correlations with leaf parameters. Spathe showiness showed moderate, weak correlations with spathe measurements and productivity, respectively. Principal component analysis of the 13 quantitative parameters showed that the first three principal components explained 75% of the variation in the accessions. Leaf length, leaf width, leaf size, petiole length, peduncle length, and spadix diameter; spathe length, spathe width, spathe size, and spathe showiness; and productivity loaded on the first, second, and third component, respectively. Hence, one leaf and one spathe size parameter, spathe showiness, petiole length, peduncle length, spadix length, spadix angle, spadix diameter, and productivity as well as spathe, spadix, peduncle, and petiole colors can be used as descriptors for anthurium. Based on these results and market information, an Anthurium ideotype adapted to the humid tropics is described.

scholarly journals Short communication: Variations in leaf morphological characters of Shorea leprosula in progeny trial stand of a logging concession in Kalimantan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alnus Meinata ◽  
MUHAMMAD NA’IEM ◽  
DWI TYANINGSIH ADRIYANTI
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Progeny Trial ◽  
Variable Contribution ◽  
Shorea Leprosula

Indonesia has the highest distribution of Dipterocarpaceae members, and Shorea leprosula is one of the species that has a natural hybrid in its habitat. Furthermore, the members have intermediate morphological character with the neighboring species, Shorea curtisii. This study aimed to investigate the morphological variations of Shorea leprosula Miq. Progeny trial in PT Sari Bumi Kusuma. The morphological level of 72 Shorea leprosula in PT Sari Bumi Kusuma was identified through sampling. Furthermore, macroscopic and microscopic observations were conducted, and the measurement data were analyzed using cluster and principal component analyses to explain the morphological variable contribution. The results showed leaf architecture variations in laminar shape, apex shape, base shape, and midrib thickness category. The cluster analyses classified the samples into four cluster groups and they consist of a notophyll leaf size category with a rounded base. Meanwhile, the second group consists of an ellipse laminar shape with medium midrib thickness, and the third has an oblong laminar with an obtuse apex shape. The fourth group has a notophyll leaf size category with an obtuse base. The principal component analysis showed that the base shape has the highest contribution to diversity in the samples.

scholarly journals Intraspecific ecomorphological variations in Poecilia reticulata (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontiformes): comparing populations of distinct environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio T. Mise ◽  
Fagner de Souza ◽  
João P. A. Pagotto ◽  
Erivelto Goulart
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Current Availability ◽  
Environment Type ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Morphological Differences

ABSTRACT Morphological variations, according to the principles of ecomorphology, can be related to different aspects of the organism way of life, such as occupation of habitats and feeding behavior. The present study sought to examine the intraspecific variation in two populations of Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859, that occur in two types of environments, a lotic (Maringá Stream) and a lentic (Jaboti Lake). Due to a marked sexual dimorphism, males and females were analyzed separately. Thus, the proposed hypotheses were that the populations that occur in distinct environments present morphological differences. The morphological variables were obtained using morphometric measurements and the ecomorphological indexes. The data were summarized in a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (Manova) was made to verify significant differences in morphology between the populations. Males and females showed similar ecomorphological patterns according to the environment they occur. In general the population from Maringá Stream had fins with major areas, and the Jaboti Lake population eyes located more dorsally. Additionally, others morphological differences such as wider mouth of the males from Maringá Stream, wider heads on Jaboti Lake females and more protractible mouths on males from Jaboti Lake suggest a set of environmental variables that can possibly influence the ecomorphological patterns of the populations, as the water current, availability of food resources and predation. In summary, the initial hypotheses could be confirmed, evidencing the occurrence of distinct ecomorphotypes in the same species according to the environment type.

scholarly journals To the question of the origin of the cultural assortment   of Dagestan apricots through assessing the variability   of leaf morphological characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
D. M. Anatov ◽  
Z. M. Аsadulaev ◽  
R. M. Osmanov ◽  
K. I. Akhmedova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Traditional Cultivars ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Aim. The paper presents the results of assessment of the indigenous nature and  degree of similarity of apricot cultivars growing in the collection of the Mountain  Botanical Garden, Gunib, Dagestan, Russia based on a comparative analysis of the  variability of leaf morphological characteristics.   Material and Methods. The material assessed consisted of 33 apricot cultivars of  various ecological and geographical origins aggregated in the following groups: (a)  Dagestan – traditional cultivars; (b) Moscow ‐ selection from the Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences based on wild forms of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; (c) European and (d) Asian ‐ from Central Asia, Tajikistan, China  and Altai.   Results. The closeness of Dagestan and European varieties in comparison with Asian  and Moscow varieties was shown. Most Dagestan (16 of 19) and European varieties  have round‐shaped leaves (leaf shape index 80‐ 100%), while those from Asia and  the Moscow Botanical Garden have leaves which are elongated elliptical and oval  (60‐80%). Using the method of principal component analysis (PCA), it was established that most cultivars of Dagestan origin have similar leaf shapes and sizes, of  which Tlama kurak (wide‐round), Hekobarsh (elongated) were distinguished by leaf  shape and Esdelik by leaf size.   Conclusion. Based on a discriminant analysis (Squared Mahalanobis Distances), it  was found that the indices of indicators of leaf attributes (width/length of leaf lamina; petiole length/length of lamina; apex angle/corner of leaf base) are more reliable criteria for differentiating apricot varieties into ecological and geographical  groups than their morphological characteristics.  

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of populations of the Balkan endemic species Daphne malyana Blecic (Thymeleaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Juskovic ◽  
P. Vasiljevic ◽  
V. Randjelovic ◽  
V. Stevanovic ◽  
Branka Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

Daphne malyana Blecic (Thymeleaceae) is an endemic species of the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, distributed in the mountains, canyons and gorges of N. Montenegro, E. Bosnia and W. Serbia. The comparative morphoanatomic investigations have included four distantly separated populations of the species D. malyana, i.e. two from Serbia, from the ravines of Sokoline and Vranjak on Mt. Tara, and two from Montenegro, in the canyons of the Tara and Piva rivers. Comparative morphoanatomical studies have shown the presence of general adaptive characteristics of a specific, conservative xeromorphic type, slightly differing in each population. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) of 20 morphoanatomical characteristics of the leaves and stems have shown a clear distinction between the populations from the river Piva canyon (Montenegro) and those from the Sokoline ravine (Serbia), on one side, and those of Vranjak gorge (Serbia) and of the river Tara canyon (Montenegro) on the other side. It may be assumed that the mild morphological variability of the isolated populations of the Balkan endemic species D. malyana in the canyons and gorges seem to have been affected by the microclimate conditions in their habitats.

scholarly journals Morphological Variations of Robusta Coffee As a Response to Different Altitude in Lampung

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Erwin Prastowo ◽  
Rina Arimarsetiowati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Key Issues

The coffee growth is considered to depend, partly, on the environmental condition at which they develop to accomplish both vegetative and generative stages. An exploratory survey in Lampung aimed at investigating the morphological characteristics of 13 Robusta coffee accessions growing on different altitudes.Local superior coffee clones were selected from eight farms, and subjected to identifications. Three key issues were concerned for both quantitatively, i.e. plant components of leaves, branches, and fruits, and qualitatively such as leaves and fruit characteristics, i.e. colour and shape. The analysis shows a similarity of about 60% of total qualitative variable identified among different accessions. The remaining characters are suggested to be more varying such as flush colour, leaf surface, ripe fruit colour, and stipule shape. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis showed a higher level of similarity for fruit characters, i.e. fruit length, -width, and -thickness, and to a slightly lower level for leaf characteristics, i.e. leaf length and -width, and number of productive branches. It was revealed that some variables, i.e. fruit weight; leaf and seed; and canopy characteristics, explaining the morphological variation of coffee throughout the accessions. Furthermore, cluster analysis may indicated a possible similarity of coffee morphologies either from area with different or the same environmental conditions. A high heterogeneity related to environmental conditions, genotypic variations, plant nutritional status, and agronomic practices, which unable to confirm in the present study, may limit the specific conclusions.

scholarly journals A Hydroclimatological Analysis of Precipitation in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna River Basin

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Curtis ◽  
Thomas Crawford ◽  
Munshi Rahman ◽  
Bimal Paul ◽  
M. Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
The Ganges

Understanding seasonal precipitation input into river basins is important for linking large-scale climate drivers with societal water resources and the occurrence of hydrologic hazards such as floods and riverbank erosion. Using satellite data at 0.25-degree resolution, spatial patterns of monsoon (June-July-August-September) precipitation variability between 1983 and 2015 within the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river basin are analyzed with Principal Component (PC) analysis and the first three modes (PC1, PC2 and PC3) are related to global atmospheric-oceanic fields. PC1 explains 88.7% of the variance in monsoonal precipitation and resembles climatology with the center of action over Bangladesh. The eigenvector coefficients show a downward trend consistent with studies reporting a recent decline in monsoon rainfall, but little interannual variability. PC2 explains 2.9% of the variance and shows rainfall maxima to the far western and eastern portions of the basin. PC2 has an apparent decadal cycle and surface and upper-air atmospheric height fields suggest the pattern could be forced by tropical South Atlantic heating and a Rossby wave train stemming from the North Atlantic, consistent with previous studies. Finally, PC3 explains 1.5% of the variance and has high spatial variability. The distribution of precipitation is somewhat zonal, with highest values at the southern border and at the Himalayan ridge. There is strong interannual variability associated with PC3, related to the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Next, we perform a hydroclimatological downscaling, as precipitation attributed to the three PCs was averaged over the Pfafstetter level-04 sub-basins obtained from the World Wildlife Fund (Gland, Switzerland). While PC1 was the principal contributor of rainfall for all sub-basins, PC2 contributed the most to rainfall in the western Ganges sub-basin (4524) and PC3 contributed the most to the rainfall in the northern Brahmaputra (4529). Monsoon rainfall within these two sub-basins were the only ones to show a significant relationship (negative) with ENSO, whereas four of the eight sub-basins had a significant relationship (positive) with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical South Atlantic. This work demonstrates a geographic dependence on climate teleconnections in the GBM that deserves further study.

Variation in leaf characteristics among provenances of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. grown in Zambia

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
J Burley ◽  
PJ Wood ◽  
AS Hans
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Ecotypic Variation ◽  
Old Trees

Eight morphological characters of leaves were examined in 2-year-old trees of 25 provenances of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn, grown in a replicated trial in Zambia. Provenances differed significantly in leaf length and width, base angle, and oil gland density but significant effects were attributed to trees within provenances. Leaf curvature also varied between provenances, trees, and branches. The tip angle and the number of veins did not vary significantly. Leaf length and oil gland density were related to maximum temperature at seed source rather than to latitude but the reverse occurred for leaf width. Significant amounts of variation were explained by a linear combination of temperature and latitude but not by longitude, altitude, or rainfall. Information on seven traits was combined in principal component analysis in which the first component (a measure of leaf shape) accounted for 36% of total observed variation while the second (weighted largely on leaf length) accounted for 26%. Mapping of both univariate and multivariate results indicated that there are two major ecotypes and gave some evidence of clinal and ecotypic variation within them. The conclusions support those of other workers both in natural populations in Australia and in exotic populations elsewhere.

Pre-harvest Conditions Associated with Staccato Sweet Cherry Fruit Quality: Mineral Status in Leaves and Fruitlets and Orchard Growing Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Ross ◽  
Peter M.A. Toivonen ◽  
David V. Godfrey ◽  
Lana Fukumoto
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Management Techniques

Data obtained over three growing years were examined with principal component analysis (PCA) to study how cherry quality was affected by pre-harvest mineral status in leaves, fruitlets and orchard growing factors. Higher foliar levels of calcium were correlated with lower levels of pitting and pebbling in stored cherries, however there was no relationship with these disorders and fruitlet calcium content. Temperature and leaf size were associated with pebbling and pitting levels in stored cherries. Leaf and fruitlet mineral content are not the only factors to be considered in understanding fruit quality; environmental effects and management techniques should also be considered.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of acorns and its taxonomic significance in Quercus. from Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Bakis ◽  
MT Babaç
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Different Populations

Morphological variations of acorn among and within the groups of Quercus species were studied. A total of 617 acorns belonging to 14 species representing all 3 sections of Quercus L. (Fagaceae) in Turkey were examined in this study. Specimens were collected from 47 different populations over both Anatolian and Thrace part of Turkey. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the morphological characteristics of acorns. Results obtained from this study demonstrate the use of morphological characters in differentiating the taxa of Quercus and Cerris sections studied. Another important finding is the introgression among the acorns of species within Quercus section DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21601 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 293-299, 2014 (December)

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