scholarly journals Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium on ion content and root characteristics of green bean and maize under intercropping

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Marzban ◽  
Elham Faryabi ◽  
Shahram Torabian
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Sole Cropping

<p>In order to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria effects on leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentration and root characteristics of green bean and maize under intercropping, experiment was carried out in the research field of College of Agriculture, Payame Noor University of Azna, Lorestan, Iran. In experiment, sandy loam soil with pH 7.3 and EC 0.49 dS m<sup>-1</sup> was used.The treatments comprised three cropping systems (sole cropping of green bean and maize, and intercropping), and four inoculations (control, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobium and mix of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium). The results showed that inoculation with rhizobium improved length, diameter, volume and area of green bean root.The highest of green bean N, P concentration and root dry mass were observed in sole culture of green bean inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Moreover, root length, diameter, volume and area of maize increased by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and total concentration of N and P enhanced with use of rhizobium in sole cropping. Although the usage of <em>Rhizobium </em>and AMF can be affected on increasing the root growth and nutrient uptake of crops, application of bacterium and fungi combination at the same time would not be suitable. Overall, intercropping of maize with green bean caused to increase of leaf N and P concentrations and root growth of maize.</p>

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization in the Rhizosphere of Aspilia pruliseta Schweif. ext Schweif in the Semiarid Eastern Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117862212096919
Author(s):  
James Peter Muchoka ◽  
Daniel Njiru Mugendi ◽  
Paul Nthakanio Njiruh ◽  
Charles Onyari ◽  
Paul Kamau Mbugua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Biological Technique

The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance soil phosphate uptake is a biological technique considered to cure phosphate deficiency in soils. This study investigated association of Aspilia pruliseta Schweif shrub with AMF in Kenya. The study aims at profiling a tropical shrub with multiple ecological benefits that could reduce addition of chemical phosphatic fertilizer into the soil and reverse negative consequences of eutrophication. Sampling was purposive to have areas with or without Aspilia pruliseta vegetation growing. A small amount (10 g) of the soil from 27 composite samples was used for spore count determination and a similar amount for next generation sequencing. Spore counts varied significantly among soil textural types, sample locations, and soil depth. Sandy loam had the highest spore counts with a mean average of 404 spores. The spore count decreased significantly ( P < .05) with the depth of soil from a mean of 514 spores to 185 along the rhizosphere. The intensity of spore morphotypes was significantly higher at P < .05 for soils whose vegetation was covered with Aspilia pruliseta than those without. Aspilia pruliseta vegetation used together with sandy loam soil could culture commercial mycorrhiza fungi production for use in agrisystems.

Concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in maize colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
A. Elmi ◽  
C. Costa ◽  
B. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Little attention has been paid to the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the uptake of nutrients that move mainly by mass flow. The objective of this study was to assess the possible contribution of indigenous AM fungi to the K, Ca and Mg nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by soil P levels and its impact on plant dry mass. The field experiment had a split plot design with four replicates. Treatments included soil fumigation status (fumigation and non-fumigation) and three levels of P fertilization (0, 60 and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1) in a loamy sand soil in 1997 and a fine sandy loam soil in 1998. Soil fumigati on with Basamid® was used to suppress indigenous AM fungi. Plants were sampled at four different growth stages (6-leaf stage, 10-leaf stage, tasseling and silking). Soil fumigation decreased shoot dry weight, but P fertilization increased shoot dry weight at most sampling times. When no P fertilizer was added, fumigation in the loamy sand soil reduced shoot K and Ca concentrations while, in contrast, in the fine sandy loam soil only Mg concentration was reduced by soil fumigation. The concentration of K in maize shoots was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with extraradicular hyphal length in both soils. The correlation between the abundance of extraradicular hyphae and the concentrations of Ca and Mg in maize shoots was significant only for soils where available Ca or Mg was relatively low. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could increase corn biomass production and K, Ca and Mg uptake in soil low in these elements and low in P. These results indicate that the contribution of mycorrhizae to maize K, Ca and Mg nutrition can be significant in a field situation and that the extent of this contribution depends on the availability of these nutrients and of P in soils. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soil fumigation, extraradicular hyphae, uptake of K, Ca, and Mg, soil P levels, maize

scholarly journals Inoculation with the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis modulates the relationship between root growth and nutrient content in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rosario Ramírez-Flores ◽  
Elohim Bello-Bello ◽  
Rubén Rellán-Álvarez ◽  
Ruairidh J. H. Sawers ◽  
Víctor Olalde-Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTPlant root systems play an essential role in nutrient and water acquisition. In resource-limited soils, modification of root system architecture is an important strategy to optimize plant performance. Most terrestrial plants also form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to maximize nutrient uptake. In addition to direct delivery of nutrients, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi benefit the plant host by promoting root growth. Here, we aimed to quantify the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on root growth and nutrient uptake in maize. Inoculated plants showed an increase in both biomass and the total content of twenty quantified elements. In addition, image analysis showed mycorrhizal plants to have denser, more branched root systems. For most of the quantified elements, the increase in content in mycorrhizal plants was proportional to root and overall plant growth. However, the increase in boron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur and strontium was greater than predicted by root system size alone, indicating fungal delivery to be supplementing root uptake.

scholarly journals Effect of mycorrhiza on yield and quality of lettuce grown on medium with different levels of phosphorus and selenium

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Kowalska ◽  
Anna Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Different Levels

Lettuce plants were grown in the foil tunnel in pots filled with peat substrate. The experimental factors were: concentration of phosphorus in the substrate (70 or 140 mg dm-3), inoculation of substrate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (+AMF or –AMF) and concentration of selenium in the substrate (0, 6 or 12 mg dm-3). Mycorrhizal frequency in roots was affected by concentration of P, inoculation with AMF and interaction between these factors. Higher mycorrhizal frequency was found in plants inoculated with AMF and grown under conditions of lower P concentration. AMF did not affect an accumulation of Se in leaves. However, higher concentration of P and Se in the substrate affected Se concentration in leaves. The average yield of lettuce decreased with increasing level of Se in the substrate. The presence of Se in the substrate led to decrease of K, Mg, Fe, Cu and Mn content of plants. AMF did not have an effect on the content of sugars in leaves.

scholarly journals Dependency, colonization, and growth in Gmelina arborea inoculated with five strains of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 8775-8783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Guillermo Ramírez-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Foliar Concentration

Gmelina arborea is a forest species of increasing use in the establishment of commercial plantations in Colombia. The areas where it is currently planted are deficient in nutrients, so the use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can be an alternative to improve phosphoric fertilization. The aim of this work was to determine the mycorrhizal dependency, colonization, and growth of G. arborea when it is inoculated with Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, Rhizoglomus aggregatum, Rhizoglomus irregulare, Glomus fistulosum, and Entrophospora colombiana, under different concentrations of phosphorus (P) in a soil solution. A completely randomized design was used with a 6×3 factorial arrangement, five AFM strains + control (uninoculated) and three P doses (0.002, 0.02, and 0.2 mg L-1) with five replicates per each treatment and twice through time. Mycorrhizal colonization and dependency, foliar concentration of P, dry biomass, leaf area, and height were evaluated. A moderate mycorrhizal dependency was obtained under a P concentration of 0.002 and 0.02 mg L-1 and inoculation with R. fasciculatum, R. aggregatum, and R. irregulare while inoculation with G. fistulosum and E. colombiana produced a marginal dependency. It was found a negative effect on G. arborea inoculated with all AMF strains under 0.2 mg L-1 of P. Mycorrhizal colonization presented values between 62.5 - 2.5% for all the AMF evaluated, influenced by AFM strains and P concentration. Plants inoculated with R. fasciculatum, R. aggregatum, and R. irregulare showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in their growth. Mycorrhizal dependency and colonization in G. arborea and its growth were highly influenced by species of AMF and amount of P.

scholarly journals Cadmium effect on the association of jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Adrián López de Andrade ◽  
Renato Atílio Jorge ◽  
Adriana Parada Dias da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Extraradical Mycelium ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

The effect of cadmium (Cd) on mycorrhizal association and on shoot and root Cd concentration was investigated in jackbean plants under hydroponic conditions. The treatments consisted of the inoculation of three different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus etunicatum, G. intraradices and G. macrocarpum, and a non-inoculated control, two Cd (0 and 5 µmol L-1) and two P (1 and 10 mg L-1) levels in the nutrient solution. Mycorrhizal colonization, length of AMF extraradical mycelium, guaiacol peroxidase activity in roots, plant growth and root and shoot Cd and P concentrations were determined. Mycorrhizal status did not promote jackbean growth but in most of the cases mycorrhization increased root and shoot Cd concentrations. Cd ions were accumulated mainly in roots and only small amounts were translocated to the shoot. Cd addition did not affect root colonization by AMF but the AM extraradical mycelium (ERM) was sensitive to the added Cd. ERM length was reduced by 25% in the presence of Cd. This reduction was more pronounced under conditions of low P concentration. Also at this P concentration, Cd addition decreased guaiacol peroxidase activity in non-mycorrhizal roots and in roots colonized by G. macrocarpum. However, mycorrhizal roots maintained lower values of peroxidase activity. G. etunicatum showed the best performance when associated to jackbean plants and it could be a promising association for phytoremediation of Cd- contaminated soil.

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