scholarly journals Genetic diversity within and among two-spotted spider mite resistant and susceptible common bean genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Zeinab YOUSEFI ◽  
Zahra TAHMASEBI ◽  
Mohammad Javad Erfani MOGHADAM ◽  
Ali ARMINIAN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Simple Sequence

<p>Two-spotted spider mite (<em>Tetranychus urticae </em><a title="Carl Ludwig Koch" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Ludwig_Koch">C. L. Koch</a>, 1836), is one of the most destructive herbivores of common bean. Very little is known about the diversity among resistant sources in this crop. The present study was conducted to characterize 22 resistant and susceptible common bean genotypes by 8 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and 8 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. These SSR and RAPD primers produced 100 % and 81.8 % polymorphic bands. Based on RAPD fingerprints and SSR profiles, pairwise genetic similarity ranged from 0.0 to 0.857 and from 0.125 to 1, respectively. The resistant and susceptible common bean accessions were grouped together in the dendrograms generated from RAPD and SSR clustering analyses. The results indicate that RAPD and SSR analysis could be successfully used for the estimation of genetic diversity among genotypes. SSR markers could group genotypes according to their resistibility and susceptibility to the spotted spider mite but RAPD could not. Therefore, the SSR markers can facilitate the development of resistant common bean cultivars through breeding programs against <em>T. urticae</em>.</p>

scholarly journals Characterisation and genetic diversity analysis of selected chickpea cultivars of nine countries using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse Sefera ◽  
Bekele Abebie ◽  
Pooran M. Gaur ◽  
Kebebew Assefa ◽  
Rajeev K. Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

The genomic DNA profiles of 48 chickpea cultivars released in nine countries and of historical significance to the chickpea breeding programs at ICRISAT and in Ethiopia were evaluated using 48 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Across the cultivars, a total of 504 alleles representing the 48 SSR loci were detected with frequencies ranging from three to 22 (mean 10.5) alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) for the SSR markers varied from 0.37 to 0.91 (mean 0.77). A subset of only three highly informative SSR markers (TA176, TA2, TA180) enabled complete discrimination among all 48 chickpea cultivars tested. Hierarchical neighbour-joining UPGMA cluster analysis based on simple matching dissimilarity matrix resolved the 48 cultivars into two major clusters representing desi and kabuli types. These cluster groupings of the cultivars were consistent with the pedigree information available for the cultivars as to the phenotypic classes of chickpea types. Analysis of the temporal patterns of the SSR diversity by classifying 48 chickpea cultivars into four periods of release revealed increasing tendencies in the overall genetic diversity from 0.42 for the earliest varieties developed in the 1970s to 0.62 for those released in the 1980s, and reached a maximum and equivalent level of 0.72 for the varieties developed in the 1990s and 2000s. Overall, the study ascertained that SSRs provide powerful marker tools in revealing genetic diversity and relationships in chickpeas, thereby proving useful for selection of parents in breeding programs and also for DNA fingerprint identification of cultivars.

scholarly journals Study genetic diversity in maize inbreds and improved hybrid vigor in hybrids produce to determine commercial hybrids in Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-731
Author(s):  
Ziyad A. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
High Level

 A field experiments was conducted in greenhouse to determinate the genetic diversity among 7 genotypes from maize(4 inbreds and 3hybrids) by using molecular markers with Random Amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD),that shown high level of polymorphism among genotypes of maize ,where the percentage of polymorphism ranged from(66%) and (83.33%) the highest number of polymorphism band (16) and size fragment ranged between (3800 bp) with the primer ( Bnlg 1185 ) and the lowest 180 with the primer( Bnlg 1464).The genetic distance value ranged between (0.3451) and (0.6534) ,where the lowest genic distance between (k1 and k2),while the highest genetic distance between(k4) and (k3xk4).In this study RAPD markers were shown to be powerful to detect genetic diversity and provided us high polymorphism values within genotypes of maize ,also we can conclude for useful those primers for genetic studies in plant breeding programs for developing synthetic cultivars or improved inbreds of maize. 

scholarly journals Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Marker Variability between and within Gene Pools of Common Bean

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Haley ◽  
Phillip N. Miklas ◽  
Lucia Afanador ◽  
James D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of RAPD marker variability between and within commercially productive market classes representative of the Andean and Middle American gene pools of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Six sets of near-isogenic lines were screened with oligonucleotide primers in the polymerase chain reaction-based RAPD assay. Simultaneous analyses with at least three sets of lines enabled us to score RAPD markers between the two major gene pools, races within the same gene pool, and different genotypes of the same race (within race). A “three-tiered” pattern of polymorphism was observed: between gene pools> between races> within races. The overall level of polymorphism between the Andean and Middle American gene pools was 83.4%. The overall level of polymorphism between races within the same gene pool was similar for Andean races (60.4%) and Middle American races (61.7%). The level of polymorphism between related commercial navy bean lines was 39.2% and between related commercial snap bean lines was 53.6 %. The inherent simplicity and efficiency of RAPD analyses, coupled with the number of polymorphisms detectable between related commercial genotypes, should facilitate the construction of RAPD-based genetic linkage maps in the context of populations representative of most bean breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and pedigree analysis of Brazilian common bean elite genotypes

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin ◽  
Márcia Regina Costa ◽  
Aloísio Sartorato ◽  
María José Del Peloso ◽  
Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Bean Research

Genetic diversity is essential for any breeding program. However, breeders tend to concentrate on specific genotypes, which combine traits of interest and may be used as progenitors in several breeding programs. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding programs are not different in this sense. In this study, the genetic diversity of 21 common bean elite lines from the Bean Regional Trials conducted by the Embrapa Rice and Bean Research Center was evaluated using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pedigree analyses. Based on genetic dissimilarity, three groups were defined: group I - lines 1, 9 and 10, with low genetic distances among them (0.00 to 0.06), originated from 11 Mesoamerican parents; group II - 17 lines with genetic distances ranging from 0.03 to 0.33, originated from 50 parents (mostly Mesoamerican); and group III - line 21 (PR 93201472), which parents are the Andean cultivar 'Pompadour' and the cultivar 'Irai' (unknown origin). The genetic distances between line 21 and the lines of the other two groups varied from 0.68 to 0.93. Pedigree analyses demonstrated that cultivars 'Carioca', 'Cornell 49-242', 'Jamapa', 'Tlalnepantla 64', 'Tara' and 'Veranic 2', all of Mesoamerican origin, were the most widely used parents for developing lines present in group II.

scholarly journals Comparison of RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers in assessing genetic diversity among rye (Secale cereale L.) inbred lines

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Myśków ◽  
Paweł Milczarski ◽  
Piotr Masojć
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Dna Primers ◽  
Simple Sequence

Comparison of RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers in assessing genetic diversity among rye (Secale cereale L.) inbred lines Forty eight inbred lines of winter rye, of various origin and pedigree, were analysed using 19 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) primers, 8 ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) primers and 13 SSR (simple sequence repeats) primer pairs. On the basis of particular marker types, there were created three separate dendrograms and one combined similarity tree, prepared on account of the whole data. Correlation coefficients for individual technique based on genetic similarity matrices were not significant. By comparing the GS data obtained on the basis of singular methods with collective matrix, it was observed that the highest correlation rate was for ISSR method (r=0.68). The utility of each marker technique was compared by using marker index MI. Diversity detecting index (DDT) was suggested in the paper, which may prove helpful in planning and comparing researches on phenetic relationships.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Indian Spinach (Basella spp L) Accessions Using RAPD Markers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Olalekan Ibrahim Sobowale ◽  
Benjamin Oluwole Akinyele ◽  
Alexander Chukwunweike Odiyi ◽  
Adeyela Ibironke Okunlola ◽  
Emmanuel Oluwakayode Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Background: Indian spinach is one of the important underexploited tropical leafy vegetables which have high nutritional and medicinal value. Molecular marker technology has greatly accelerated the process involved in breeding programs for the improvement of various crops and its techniques have been considered to be the most suitable means of estimating genetic diversity. Aim: The study is to determine the genetic diversity among the accessions of Indian spinach collected from South western Nigeria using molecular markers. Methodology: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assay 20 accessions of Indian spinach (Basella spp) collected from the south western states of Nigeria (Oyo, Osun, Ogun, Ondo and Ekiti). Results: Results showed that RAPD markers were highly polymorphic and generated alleles ranging from two to eight. The polymorphic information content was highest for the OPT-17 primer (0.757) and the mean average was (4.23) Moreover, gene diversity (0.785) was high, and cluster analysis delineated the accessions into five groups, which indicated that a significant genetic diversity was present among the accessions studied. A dendrogram clustering method revealed five major clusters. Clusters I, II and IV had one accessions each, III had four and V had thirteen accessions. Conclusion: The result revealed that RAPD markers are useful for genetic characterization as they provide information on the interspecific and phylogenetic statuses of the accessions. The markers also showed a genetic variability that could be exploited for varietal delineation and improvement of the vegetable in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Genetic Mapping of PcDw Determining Pear Dwarf Trait

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Wang ◽  
Yike Tian ◽  
Emily J. Buck ◽  
Susan E. Gardiner ◽  
Hongyi Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Simple Sequence

European pear (Pyrus communis) ‘Aihuali’ carrying the dwarf character originating from ‘Nain Vert’ was crossed with ‘Chili’ (Pyrus bretschneideri). A total of 352 F1 progenies was produced to investigate the inheritance of the dwarf trait, and 111 of these were used to develop molecular markers. Chi-square analysis showed that the character fitted a 1:1 ratio indicative of a single dominant gene, which we have named PcDw. Using a bulked segregant analysis approach with 500 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 51 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from pear (Pyrus pyrifolia and P. communis) and apple (Malus ×domestica), four markers were identified as cosegregating with the dwarf character. Two of these were fragments produced by the S1212 and S1172 RAPD primers, and the other two were the pear SSR markers KA14 and TsuENH022. The RAPD markers were converted into sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCARs) and designated S1212-SCAR318 and S1172-SCAR930 and, with the SSR markers KA14 and TsuENH022, were positioned 5.9, 9.5, 8.2, and 0.9 cM from the PcDw gene, respectively. Mapping of the KA14 and TsuENH022 markers enabled the location of the PcDw gene on LG 16 of the pear genetic linkage map.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces through RAPD markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
MS Alam ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
R Gupta ◽  
SN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

The molecular marker is a useful tool for assessing genetic variations and resolving cultivar identities. Information on genetic diversity and relationships among rice landraces from Bangladesh is currently very limited. Thirty-five rice genotypes including 33 landraces and 01 HYV of Bangladesh and 1 Indian landrace of particular interest to breeding programs were evaluated by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. For molecular characterization, RAPD markers viz., OPC 03, OPC 04 and OPA 01 gave reproducible and distinct polymorphic amplified products. A total of 20 RAPD bands were scored of which 15 polymorphic amplification products were obtained by using these arbitrary primers. The size of amplified fragments were ranged from 550 to 1775 bp. Based on analysis performed on a similarity matrix using UPGMA, 35 genotypes were grouped into 2 main clusters. Landrace Sylhet balam and Mota aman was totally different from other genotypes. The information will facilitate selection of genotypes to serve as parents for effective rice breeding programs in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.21099 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (1): 77-87, June, 2014

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Patterns and Discrimination of 172 Korean Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Varieties Based on SSR Analysis

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Young Hwang ◽  
Byeong Sam Gwak ◽  
Jwakyung Sung ◽  
Hong-Sig Kim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Informative Content ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Modern Varieties

The soybean development goal in Korea has changed over time, but the pattern of genetic diversity in modern varieties has not yet been well characterized. In this study, 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are shown to generate a total of 344 alleles, where the number of alleles ranges from 7 to 29, with an average of 17.2 per locus, and the polymorphism informative content (PIC) values range from 0.6799 to 0.9318, with an average of 0.8675. Five different clusters are classified using the unweighted pair group mean arithmetic (UPGMA) method. The genetic distance between clusters I and V (0.3382) is the farthest, and that between clusters III and IV (0.0819) is the closest. The genetic distance between all pairings of groups, according to the time period of their release, is lowest (0.1909) between varieties developed in the 1990s and those from 2000 onward, and highest (0.5731) between varieties developed in the 1980s and those from 2000 onward. Model-based structure analysis revealed the presence of three sub-populations and 17 admixtures in the Korean soybean varieties. All 172 Korean soybean varieties were tested for discrimination using six SSR markers. The numbers of varieties that were clustered in each step are as follows: 7 (4.1%) in step 1 (Sat_076), 73 (42.4%) in step 2 (Sat_417), 69 (40.1%) in step 3 (Sat_043), 13 (7.6%) in step 4 (Satt197), 8 (4.6%) in step 5 (Satt434), and 2 (1.2%) in step 6 (Satt179). These results, based on the analysis of genetic resources, can contribute to the creation of a core collection for soybean conservation and breeding, as well as to the development of future varieties with useful traits.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity of different tomato genotypes using RAPD markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-283
Author(s):  
M Paul ◽  
SR Saha
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Information Indices ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

The present investigation was carried out for assessment of genetic diversity among the 28 tomato genotypes though three random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 15 distinct DNA fragments ranging form 100-1000 bp were amplified by using three selected primers of which 5.00 polymorphic bands per primer and over all polymorphic loci was 100 percent. The extent of genetic diversity among these genotypes was computed through parameters of genetic diversity and Shanon’s information indices. The highest genetic distance was observed among the accession Cl-3d-0-99 (V93)  vs. F1 (G X V12), F1 (G X V17), F1 (G X V29) and  Durch fuegel  (G) vs. F1 (G X V17) and F1 (G X V93) vs. F1 (G X V12), F1 (G X V17), while the lowest genetic distance was observed among the accessions Fut. Wed Abrid (V94) vs. Sunlight pole (V67) and F1 (V67 X VG) vs. F1 (V17 X VG), F1 (V93 X VG) and F1 (V93 X V17) vs. F1 (V17 X VG), F1 (V67 X VG), F1 (V93 X VG). The Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance divided the genotypes into two main clusters: A & B. Cluster ‘A’ consists of 19 accessions and cluster ‘B’ consists of 9 accessions. The information generated from this study could be useful in gene mapping and marker assisted breeding for future tomato breeding programs. Progressive Agriculture 29 (4): 276-283, 2018

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document