scholarly journals Induction of defence related enzymes and biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum in tomato plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tavga Sulaiman RASHID ◽  
Sirwa Anwar QADIR ◽  
Hayman Kakakhan AWLA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Control Capability

<p>Fusarium wilt of tomato plants caused by<em> Fusarium oxysporum </em>Schlecht. emend. Snyder &amp; Hansen and<em> Fusarium solani</em> (Mart.) Sacc. are serious problem limiting tomato production worldwide. Biological control has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to chemical fungicides. The biological control capability of a <em>T. harzianum </em>isolate against <em>F. solani</em> and <em>F. oxysporum</em> has been investigated. It inhibited colony growth of two <em>Fusarium</em> species by more than 80 % in dual culture tests. Results of greenhouse experiments revealed that disease severity in the tomato plants co-inoculated with <em>T. harzianum</em> was significantly lower than plants only infected with the <em>Fusarium</em> pathogens. Tomato plants inoculated with the antagonistic <em>T. harzianum</em> isolate, showed enhanced peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in greenhouse experiments and increased resistance to <em>F. solani</em> and <em>F. oxysporum</em>. The <em>T. harzianum</em> isolate indirectly affected the <em>Fusarium </em>pathogens by enhancing plant defence.</p>

scholarly journals Parasitism and Biological Control of Verticillium dahliae by Pythium oligandrum

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1100-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Al-Rawahi ◽  
J. G. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Pythium Oligandrum ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Complex Interactions

Pythium oligandrum was a parasite of Verticillium dahliae in dual culture, impeding the latter's ability to grow and form microsclerotia. Variation occurred among isolates of P. oligandrum in their parasitism toward isolates of V. dahliae, and isolates of V. dahliae expressed a range of susceptibilities to parasitism by P. oligandrum. Temperature and matric potential significantly affected interactions between these fungi. Populations of P. oligandrum in the rhizosphere of pepper (Capsicum annuum) were similar in a potting soil infested and noninfested with V. dahliae, but the populations of V. dahliae in combined samples of rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soil of pepper were significantly lower in the presence of P. oligandrum than in its absence. In greenhouse experiments with pepper grown in soil infested with V. dahliae, shoot and fruit weights were significantly higher in the presence of P. oligandrum than in its absence. However, when soil was infested only with P. oligandrum, fresh weights of shoots and fruits were 40 to 50% higher than when plants were grown in its absence, evidence that this fungus significantly promoted growth of this crop. Therefore, processes responsible for improved plant health associated with soil treatment with P. oligandrum could be the result of complex interactions between pathogen, host, and mycoparasite.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and In Vitro Test for the Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma viride on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Tsegaye Mekuria Ayele ◽  
Guesh Desta Gebremariam ◽  
Subban Patharajan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Biocontrol Efficacy ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Dual Culture Assay ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Introduction: Tomato production in Ethiopia is challenged by many pests and diseases. Fusarium wilt is one of the most important diseases of tomato affecting its productivity. Methods: Tomato tissue and soil samples were collected from tomato farmlands around Aksum town to isolate and identify pathogenic Fusarium species and Trichoderma species with biocontrol efficacy. Samples were processed in the Aksum University Biotechnology laboratory following standard procedures. Results and Discussion: Eight Fusarium and five Trichoderma isolates were obtained. Six of the Fusarium isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, whereas the remaining two were Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium circinatum. Detached leaf bioassay of the F. oxysporum on tomato leaves showed leaf lesion on the tomato variety, Melka oda. The isolated Trichoderma strains were screened for biocontrol potential against virulent F. oxysporum in vitro. The Trichoderma isolate showing the highest biocontrol efficacy against the virulent Fusarium was morphologically identified as Trichoderma viride. in vitro F. oxysporum-T. viride dual culture assay demonstrated that T. viride inhibits the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici with 76.94% growth inhibition. Conclusion: Fusarium oxysporum is prevalent in tomato growing farmlands covered in this study. T. viride identified in this study is an effective biocontrol agent for the identified F. oxysporum fsp. lycopersici in vitro.

scholarly journals Cladobotryum mycophilum as Potential Biocontrol Agent

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Mila Santos ◽  
Fernando Diánez ◽  
Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra ◽  
Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos ◽  
Francisco J. Gea
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent

A study was conducted to explore the efficacy of potential biocontrol agent Cladobotryum mycophilum against different phytopathogenic fungi. The growth rates of 24 isolates of C. mycophilum were determined, and their antagonistic activity was analysed in vitro and in vivo against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium aphanidermatum and Mycosphaerella melonis. Most isolates grow rapidly, reaching the opposite end of the Petri dish within 72–96 h. Under dual-culture assays, C. mycophilum showed antagonistic activity in vitro against all phytopathogenic fungi tested, with mycelial growth inhibition ranging from 30 to 90% against all the different phytopathogens tested. Similarly, of all the selected isolates, CL60A, CL17A and CL18A significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the disease incidence and severity in the plant assays compared to the controls for the different pathosystems studied. Based on these results, we conclude that C. mycophilum can be considered as a potential biological control agent in agriculture. This is the first study of Cladobotryum mycophilum as a biological control agent for different diseases caused by highly relevant phytopathogens in horticulture.

scholarly journals Mycoparasitic nature of Egyptian Trichoderma isolates and their impact on suppression Fusarium wilt of tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Nofal ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Rahman ◽  
T. M. Abdelghany ◽  
Mahmoud Abd El-Mongy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Tomato Plants

Abstract Background Plant disease administration is difficult due to the soil-borne nature of the phytopathogens. Biological control of plant disease is a safe mode to avoid the problems related to fungal diseases that affect crops productivity. Results Twenty-three Trichoderma isolates were isolated from soil, surrounding healthy tomato roots from different regions in the Egyptian Governorate of Menoufia. Using a dual culture method to test the efficiency of Trichoderma isolates, the most effective isolate identified as Trichoderma atrovirde with percentage inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (92.11%) and scanning electron microscope examination documented the mycoparasitic nature of T. atrovirde to F. oxysporum. Treatments with 10% filtrate T. atrovirde improved the growth aspects of tomato plants than the control plants or infected only, as well as the increase in phenol content (15.09 ug. g-1dry weight) and decreased disease incidence percentage (8%) than the plants infected only (60%). Conclusions This study clearly demonstrated that T. atrovirde had a significant inhibition against F. oxysporum. Greenhouse assays displayed the protective role of T. atrovirde inoculation directly against pathogen or indirectly related to the defense mechanism in the plant. So, this study recommends using T. atrovirde for biological control of wilt disease in tomato plants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rhizosphere Bacterial Antagonists for the Management of Fusarium Wilt in Tomato Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Bhanothu Shiva ◽  
P. Srinivas ◽  
Deepa Khulbe
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Antagonists ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a serious problem limiting tomato production worldwide. The intent of the study was to evaluate potential of bacterial antagonists to suppress fusarium wilt disease development and evaluate the role of the strains as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in tomato. Among fifty-two bacterial strains isolated from rhizoplane and rhizosphere of healthy tomato roots, five isolates viz. isolate-01, isolate-17, isolate-23, isolate-24 and isolate-32 were found highly inhibitory against mycelial growth of Fusarium sp., in dual cultures.  Highest inhibition of radial mycelial growth of pathogen in dual culture was induced by isolate-24 (72.2%) followed by isolate-32 (71.9%). In greenhouse experiments percent disease incidence (PDI) was lower in artificially inoculated tomato plants treated with isolate-32 (7.8%) and isolate-24 (8.9%), with percent disease reduction over control of 85.6% and 83.6%, respectively. These isolates also exhibited significant difference in seed germination percentage under artificial inoculation along with pathogen, highest germination percentage was recorded by isolate-32 (91%) followed by isolate-24 (89%) as compared to pathogen inoculated control (24%). The study concluded that the two native rhizobacteria isolated from root zone of healthy tomato plants could successfully protect the tomato plants from the lethal infection by Fusarium sp. while enhancing the germination of the treated plants.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR CHARACETIZATION OF TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUS AND FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM FORMAE SPECIALES AND RACES OF TOMATO AREAS IN NORTHERN CYPRUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Ayşegül ÇOLAK ATEŞ ◽  
Hakan Fidan ◽  
Bahar Gökhan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Formae Speciales ◽  
Northern Cyprus ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus

Fusarium oxysporum (FO) and viruses have caused wilt, root, crown rots, mosaic, yellowing and curling on tomato plants and have resulted economic yield losses on tomato production areas at Northern Cyprus (NC) in 2011–2015 years. Typical FO symptoms showing greenhouse and open field areas used for collecting 62 plants and suspected Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) of 76 tomato plants have been studied respectively. In the researches, four different primers (uni, sp 13, sp 23, sprl) were used to determine the formae speciales and races of 62 isolates of FO isolates from different locations. PCR analyse studies have revealed that 81% of collected samples were Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) and 19% of them were Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL). Additionally, further PCR analyses have identified that 37% of FOL samples were race 1, 15% were race 2 and 29% were race 3 identified respectively. The different samples of 76 tomato plants were tested with specific primers in PCR amplifications. Their results determined that the strains TYLCV-Israel, TYLCV-Sicilia, TYLCV-Mild of TYLCV found. The molecular techniques have suggested that Israel, Sicilia and Mild strain of TYLCV were present in the tomato production areas at NC. The TYLCV races with single or mixed infections and Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales and races are able to identify in molecular techniques in not only accurately but also reliably.

scholarly journals Effect of endophytic Bacillus and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) against Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nongthombam Olivia Devi ◽  
R. K. Tombisana Devi ◽  
Manashi Debbarma ◽  
Monika Hajong ◽  
Sushanti Thokchom
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Funneliformis Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi

Abstract Background Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a serious disease that causes significant economic losses in tomato production. Seventeen endophytic Bacillus isolates from tomato roots of Meghalaya were tested for antagonistic and plant growth promotion activities. Dominating arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) spores were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of tomato grown in Meghalaya. The effect of different combinations of AMF and endophytic Bacillus on Fusarium wilt severity and growth of tomato plant under pot and field conditions was studied. Results The endophytic Bacillus isolates ERBS51 and ERBS10 showed a maximum inhibition against FOL, with 58.43 and 55.68%, respectively, in a dual culture experiment. ERBS51 and ERBS10 were identified as Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus sp., respectively, based on 16s rRNA sequencing. Both isolates were found positive for iturin A, surfactin, bacillomycin D, protease, cellulase, pectinase, alpha-amylase, siderophore, ammonia production and ZnCO3 solubilization. Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus fasciculatum were the dominating AMF species in tomato rhizosphere of Meghalaya. The result of pot and field experiments revealed that out of all the treatments, combination of Funneliformis mosseae + Glomus fasciculatum + Bacillus velezensis + Bacillus sp. was shown to be the best in reducing the severity of Fusarium wilt to 77.44 and 66.74%, respectively. F. mosseae + G. fasciculatum + B. velezensis + Bacillus sp. also recorded the highest in most growth attributes and yield. Conclusions Endophytic Bacillus (B. velezensis and Bacillus sp.) and AMF (F. mosseae and G. fasciculatum) were safe and effective biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt of tomato.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Gold–Chitosan and Carbon Nanoparticles on Fusarium oxysporum

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin-Daniel Lipșa ◽  
Elena-Laura Ursu ◽  
Cristian Ursu ◽  
Eugen Ulea ◽  
Ana Cazacu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Tomato Production

Nanoparticles are implemented in different biotechnological fields, and there is interest in their use in plant biology. Nanotechnology can help overcome the persistent limitations of using conventional fungicides in the management of plant diseases, contributing to a safer environment. Hence, this study is focused on evaluating the behavior of nanoparticles on two different strains of Fusarium oxysporum, which have a wide-ranging occurrence in tomato production and account for important economic losses. Fusarium oxysporum is an ascomycetous fungus that is well-known as a soilborne plant pathogen, adapted to any soil type, and it lives in different forms on organic materials. Gold–chitosan and carbon nanoparticles were suspended in potato dextrose agar growth media, and their antifungal activity was evaluated at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after incubation by measuring the diameter of fungal colonies. The results showed that the nanoparticles have antifungal properties against F. oxysporum, the fungal colony growth diameter being reduced. Likewise, it was observed that the colony diameter was smaller when the nanoparticle concentration increased. However, in the case of one F. oxysporum strain, the highest nanoparticle concentration applied during the experiment’s execution was not able to completely inhibit fungal growth.

scholarly journals Mycoparasitic capabilities of diverse native strain of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 769-776
Author(s):  
Lakshman Prasad ◽  
Sorabh Chaudhary ◽  
Sushma Sagar ◽  
Akash Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Native Strain

The Fusarium wilt of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder and Hansen is recognised as one of the most devastating disease and major yield limiting factor in tomato growing regions worldwide. For eco-friendly and sustainable management of the disease, 19 Trichoderma native isolates belonging to 3 species of the genus, T. harzianum, T. asperellum and T. virens were evaluated in vitro against the pathogen using dual culture method. Out of 19 isolates, 8 isolates showed mycoparasitism, 8 isolates showed antibiosis and remaining showed lysis. Microscopic observations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) growth in dual cultures revealed that growth inhibition occurred just before near to contact with the antagonist. All T. harzianum isolates tested exhibited coiling around the hyphae of FOL. Isolates of T. harzianum, showed good coiling and growth inhibition of the pathogen. The T. harzianum strains did not differ in coiling pattern and gave somewhat equal coiling performances. Strains of T. asperellum, showed coiling but the coiling pattern of all these strains was different. Only one strain of T. virens showed coiling out of 2 strains. Among them T. harzianum (SVPUTh91) showed the best performance in vitro as biological control agent against FOL followed by T. asperellum and T. virens, resulting in 83, 73 and 65% reduction in colony growth, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document