scholarly journals An Ontology for the In-Between of Motion: Aristotle’s Reaction to Zeno’s Arguments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Crubellier
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
A Priori

This paper proposes an interpretation of Books V and VI of Aristotle’s Physics as being (at least partly) a reaction to Zeno’s four “arguments against motion” that Aristotle expounds and discusses in Phys. VI 9. On the basis of a detailed textual analysis of that chapter, I show that Zeno’s arguments rest on a frame of a priori notions such as part and whole, in contact, between, limit, etc., which Aristotle takes over in order to account for the inner structure (here called “the In-Between”) common to all facts of motion and change. That frame allows him to develop a specific ontology for that inner structure – although it exists only potentially according to the Aristotelian orthodoxy – because he needs such an ontology in order to vindicate the reality of motion and change.

Descartes’s Philosophical Theology

2019 ◽  
pp. 208-225
Author(s):  
Igor Agostini
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
True Definition

In this chapter I argue the following thesis: 1) Descartes’s Meditations never formulate the problem of God’s existence as it is required by the precepts of order; in particular, the only problem of existence posed by Descartes after the classification of thoughts in the Third Meditation does not concern God directly, but generally aliqua res. 2) Though Descartes qualifies the two proofs of the Third Meditation as a posteriori, they cannot be considered as homologous in their structure to the traditional a posteriori proofs: they both—and the second in particular—contain components that are truly a priori. 3) The proof of the Fifth Meditation, as it starts from the true definition of God and God’s essence, does not constitute a quoadnos version of the a priori demonstration belonging to mathematics, but is, in a strict sense, a potissima demonstration that is at least as evident as those of mathematics.

Structuralism and poststructuralism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Marinopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Parallel Lines ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Epistemological Understanding

This chapter focuses mostly on the epistemological thought of Pierre Bourdieu and Gilles Deleuze in terms of their persistence in constructing an epistemological understanding of social practice that is free from the burdens of dialectics, reason and rationality.The main bone of contention for structuralism, and soon afterwards, if not concurrently, for poststructuralism, remains the understanding of theory as the bearer of practice or the prioritization of practice instead of theory.In this chapter, I argue that no matter how hard the structuralists and poststructuralists try to avoid dealing with scientific dialectics, or as much as they merely reject it, their thinking still remains within the confines of dialectics. This is especially the case with regard to theory and practice, or the potential of the sciences to realize truth and adopt a certain methodology that relates scientific work to truth.Following parallel lines of evolution, structuralism and poststructuralism relate to a phenomenological perspective on the sciences that intends to reveal a more rigorous science, which is achieved either a priori, as in Husserl, or a posteriori, as in ethnomethodology. Furthermore, structuralism emphasizes the relations of structural elements within a systemic formation, be that of a social, political or scientific nature.

scholarly journals A dialética na categorização da análise textual discursiva: o movimento recursivo entre palavra e conceito

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Maria Do Carmo Galiazzi ◽  
Robson Simplicio de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Order And Disorder ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Analysis Category ◽  
The Way

Resumo: Apresentamos, neste texto, parte do estudo para compreendermos sobre categorização na Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) de Moraes e Galiazzi (2007). Trataremos de uma das categorias finais emergentes sobre categoria na ATD, a dialética. Portanto, nossa pergunta é: “O que é isto, a dialética na categorização na ATD?”. Inicialmente, expressamos a compreensão alcançada da palavra dialética e, posteriormente, seus sentidos conceituais no livro de ATD. A primeira categoria intermediária mostra a dialética no processo de unitarização e de categorização em movimento dialético entre ordem e desordem. A segunda engloba o modo de teorizar na pesquisa entre teorias a priori e teorias emergentes. A terceira mostra o movimento entre processos indutivos e dedutivos, atentos aos intuitivos e auto-organizados na pesquisa. Compreendemos que a ATD é um exercício hermenêutico em um círculo virtuoso de autoconhecimento que encontra a palavra, dela vai ao conceito e à palavra retorna em fusão de horizontes.Palavras-chave: Análise Textual Discursiva; Categoria; Dialética. Dialetics in the categorization of textual discursive analysis: the recursive movement between word and conceptAbstract: We present here part of the study about categorization in Moraes and Galiazzi’s Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) (2007). We will deal with one of the emerging final categories on category from DTA book, the dialectics. So our question is, "What is this, dialectics in the categorization of DTA?". Initially, we express an understanding of the word dialectics and, later, its conceptual senses from DTA book. The first intermediate category shows the process of unitarization and categorization in dialectical movement between order and disorder. The second includes the way of theorizing in research between a priori theories and emerging theories. The third shows the movement between inductive and deductive processes, being alert to intuitive and self-organized processes in research. We understand DTA is a hermeneutic exercise in a virtuous circle of self-understanding that finds the word, it goes to the concept and to the word returns in fusion of horizons.Keywords: Textual Discursive Analysis; Category; Dialectics. 

Getting Caught “Sugar Coating”: The Behavioral Implications of Using a Decision Aid That Detects Linguistic Manipulations in Financial Disclosures

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Triki ◽  
Vicky Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Financial Disclosures ◽  
Disclosure Credibility ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Evidence from recent studies suggests that management strategically uses linguistic manipulations to “sugar coat” corporate narratives particularly when it is to their advantage. Research also suggests that investors are influenced by these manipulations and that they are not capable of detecting them on their own. Emerging technologies such as textual analysis software are capable of analyzing corporate narratives; however, their impact on investors' decision making remains unknown. This manuscript explores the effect of these emerging technologies a priori to their availability and investigates whether providing investors with a decision aid (DA) that is capable of detecting linguistic manipulations can be an effective tool that can be used by investors. We theorize that these DAs may have an effect on investors' judgment and decision making and that their effect may interact with other contextual factors such as management incentive to provide a more optimistic disclosure when the news is not necessarily good. More precisely, we investigate the effect of management incentive and the detection of linguistic manipulations in management's disclosures on investors' perceptions of disclosure credibility and willingness to invest, and whether the detection of linguistic manipulations moderates the impact of management incentive. Results show that both management incentive and detection of linguistic manipulations have a significant effect on investors' perceptions of disclosure credibility and willingness to invest. Therefore, these DAs can be an effective tool that investors can use to detect linguistic manipulations.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and the Autonomous University of Barcelona: current trends on language teaching and learning strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 321-336
Author(s):  
Sonia Oliver del Olmo
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
New Situation

When COVID-19 emerged, it meant many changes as to health specific measures for prevention as well as social, political, and educational considerations to cope with a completely new situation which necessitated very quick responses. In this sense, this worldwide pandemic implied challenges in terms of decision-making at the highest level, the key involvement of universities’ technical support (taking into account pedagogical and logistics considerations) and very specific training for teaching staff to design materials and facilitate both remote tuition and students’ assignments delivery and feedback. In this chapter, I will describe the design and development of a new interactive scenario where lecturers and students keep their teaching and learning practices working under very exceptional circumstances as it is the case of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). This institution has shown a very effective plan based on constant technical support and training, staff’s full commitment to their new remote online language teaching and students’ flexibility and willingness to learn within their English Studies degree despite an unfavourable context a priori.

Application of cross correlation to HREM images of surfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 754-755
Author(s):  
D. E. Luzzi ◽  
L. D. Marks ◽  
M. I. Buckett
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Fourier Filtering ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Data Reduction Technique

As the HREM becomes increasingly used for the study of dynamic localized phenomena, the development of techniques to recover the desired information from a real image is important. Often, the important features are not strongly scattering in comparison to the matrix material in addition to being masked by statistical and amorphous noise. The desired information will usually involve the accurate knowledge of the position and intensity of the contrast. In order to decipher the desired information from a complex image, cross-correlation (xcf) techniques can be utilized. Unlike other image processing methods which rely on data massaging (e.g. high/low pass filtering or Fourier filtering), the cross-correlation method is a rigorous data reduction technique with no a priori assumptions.We have examined basic cross-correlation procedures using images of discrete gaussian peaks and have developed an iterative procedure to greatly enhance the capabilities of these techniques when the contrast from the peaks overlap.

Towards 1-Ångstrom-resolution STEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 996-997
Author(s):  
H.S. von Harrach ◽  
D.E. Jesson ◽  
S.J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Annular Dark Field ◽  
First Results

Phase contrast TEM has been the leading technique for high resolution imaging of materials for many years, whilst STEM has been the principal method for high-resolution microanalysis. However, it was demonstrated many years ago that low angle dark-field STEM imaging is a priori capable of almost 50% higher point resolution than coherent bright-field imaging (i.e. phase contrast TEM or STEM). This advantage was not exploited until Pennycook developed the high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) technique which can provide an incoherent image showing both high image resolution and atomic number contrast.This paper describes the design and first results of a 300kV field-emission STEM (VG Microscopes HB603U) which has improved ADF STEM image resolution towards the 1 angstrom target. The instrument uses a cold field-emission gun, generating a 300 kV beam of up to 1 μA from an 11-stage accelerator. The beam is focussed on to the specimen by two condensers and a condenser-objective lens with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.0 mm.

Treating Velopharyngeal Inadequacy Using Bilateral Buccal Flap Revision Palatoplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Linda D. Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Buccal Flap

Purpose The 2 most commonly used operations to treat velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) are superiorly based pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, both of which may result in hyponasal speech and airway obstruction. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) as an alternative technique to manage VPI while minimizing these risks and (b) conduct a systematic review of the evidence of BBFRP on speech and other clinical outcomes. A report comparing the speech of a child with hypernasality before and after BBFRP is presented. Method A review of databases was conducted for studies of buccal flaps to treat VPI. Using the principles of a systematic review, the articles were read, and data were abstracted for study characteristics that were developed a priori. With respect to the case report, speech and instrumental data from a child with repaired cleft lip and palate and hypernasal speech were collected and analyzed before and after surgery. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis. The results were positive, and the evidence is in favor of BBFRP in improving velopharyngeal function, while minimizing the risk of hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Before surgery, the child's speech was characterized by moderate hypernasality, and after surgery, it was judged to be within normal limits. Conclusion Based on clinical experience and results from the systematic review, there is sufficient evidence that the buccal flap is effective in improving resonance and minimizing obstructive sleep apnea. We recommend BBFRP as another approach in selected patients to manage VPI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9919352

Project MATCH secondary a priori hypotheses

Addiction ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1671-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Project Match Research Group
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Project Match
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