scholarly journals Twórcze echa neurotycznej młodości Żeromskiego, czyli pisarstwo wywiedzione z Dzienników

2016 ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Radosław Okulicz-Kozaryn
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Laboratory Sample ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literary Awareness ◽  
Literary Output ◽  
The 19Th Century

Until now, Stanisław Żeromski’s writings have not been viewed with regard to literature common to the age of anxiety from the turn of the eighties and nineties of the 19th century, though there are numerous common aspects shared by both. These are clearly discernible in the early works of the writer, written in his youthful days, and shaped among others by J. Ochorowicz’s literary piece Z dziennika psychologa (“From a psychologist’s diary”) concerning the latter’s views on the neuropsychological system of man, the acquired habitual self-analysis and autobiographism rooted in the practical activities of a diarist; all of which surface both in the subject matter, the singularity of style, narration, as well as the composition of later works by the author. By devoting the majority of space and attention to identifying and tracing literary awareness in his intimate notes from 1882 to 1891 – of which one volume carries the title Dziennik człowieka nerwowego (“Diary of the anxious man”) – R. Okulicz-Kozaryn portrays its role in Siłaczka (“The Strongwoman”), Mogiła (“The Grave”) and Źródło (“The Source”), also in Ludzie bezdomni (“The Homeless”). He further claims that Żeromski’s Dzienniki (“Diaries”) should be presented as its laboratory sample, whereas the entire literary output of the writer ought to be interpreted as more advanced consequences of the then initiated experiment.

scholarly journals Wymarzony prezent pod choinkę. O zabawkach świątecznych w literaturze i czasopismach adresowanych do dzieci II połowy XIX i początku XX wieku

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-105
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kabacińska-Łuczak ◽  
Monika Nawrot-Borowska
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Developing Trend ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Timeless attributes of children’s games, i.e. toys, have been made the subject of research. The authors focus on the toys received by children from Polish families during Christmas. The aim of these analyses is therefore to characterise Christmas children’s toys presented in two types of sources intentionally addressed to children: children’s literature and press. The research covers the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the following century. The article in its subject matter refers to the Authors’ earlier research on Christmas toys and is in line with the ever developing trend of research on toys from the historical and pedagogical perspective.

scholarly journals Different Approaches to the Objects of Phraseology in Linguistics

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Kamala Vasif Guliyeva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p>The article deals with phraseology and its object. Phraseology is known to be one of the difficult, debatable and interesting parts of linguistics. It appeared in the middle of the 19th century as a science, and was firstly dealt widely with by the scholars of the post-Soviet country. The early researchers of phraseology were Russian scholars and linguists such as Abakumov, Reformatski, Arnold, Bulakhovski, Ojegov, Amosova, Vinogradov, etc. Though being mostly investigated by Russian specialist, phraseology has been the target of the research of the following Azerbaijan linguists—Seyidov, Shiraliyev, Bayramov, Rustamov, Huseynzade, &amp; Veliyeva. The subject matter of phraseology was very interesting to most linguists, however, it was impossible to originate a single theory on phraseology.</p><p>In this article we have touched upon the main terms used in phraseology, such as, set expression, idiom, set phrase, fixed word-groups, word-equivalent, phraseological unit, etc. These terms are defined differently by some scholars. Connotational and denotational meanings of phraseological units are described discussed here. Besides, three approaches to the study of phraseological units (semantic approach, functional approach, contextual approach) are discussed in details.</p>

scholarly journals Regeneração e decadência: História, Literatura e os Usos do Passado e do Presente no Portugal oitocentista * Regeneration and decadence: History, Literature, and Past and Present Uses in nineteenth Portugal

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
CÁSSIA DAIANE MACEDO DA SILVEIRA ◽  
EVANDRO DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
History And Literature ◽  
Eca De Queiros ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Portuguese Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p><strong>Resumo</strong>: O presente artigo tem por intento apresentar uma visão panorâmica acerca de duas noções profundamente significativas e presentes nas letras portuguesas ao longo do século XIX, quais sejam: regeneração e decadência. Tais ideias, dadas as suas abrangências nos textos do período, podem ser examinadas sob os mais diferentes aspectos. Com atenção a dois nomes conhecidos do período, Alexandre Herculano e Eça de Queirós, nosso objetivo constituiu-se em, sobretudo a partir de breve revisão bibliográfica, esboçar o contexto de discussão das mencionadas noções e verificar seu trânsito entre história e literatura no período. Trata-se de leitura inicial, cuja justificativa é contribuir à divulgação do tema.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: História – Literatura – Regeneração e Decadência.</p><p> </p><p class="Body1"><strong>Abstract</strong>: This paper intends to present a panoramic approach to two deeply meaningful and lasting notions in Portuguese literature during the 19th century, namely: regeneration and decadence. Such ideas, considering their range in texts of the period, could be examined under various different aspects. Paying attention to two renowned names of that period, Alexandre Herculano and Eça de Queirós, our intent was, coming mainly from brief bibliographic revision, to draught the context of discussion of the notions above and verify its movement between history and literature in the period. It is an inceptive approach, and its justification is to contribute to the circulation of the subject-matter.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: History – Literature – Regeneration and Decadence.</p>

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

Museum Preserves in the Sphere of “Cultural Tourism”: Through the Example of the Cultural Preserves of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Timofeeva ◽  
Albina R. Akhmetova ◽  
Liliya R. Galimzyanova ◽  
Roman R. Nizaev ◽  
Svetlana E. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases its attractiveness to tourists. The tourism attractiveness of Elabuga is obtained primarily through the presence of the perfectly preserved historical center of the city with the blocks of integral buildings of the 19th century. The Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, which emerged in 1989, is currently an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. Museum-reserves with their significant territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of large partnership projects. Such projects are not only aimed at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulate interest in the reserve from the business elite, municipal and regional authorities. The most famous example is the Spasskaya Fair which revived in 2008 in Elabuga. It was held in the city since the second half of the 19th century, and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and successful development of the fair can be viewed as the creation of a special tourist event contributing to the formation of new and currently important tourism products.

Retro-Digitization of Croatian Pre-Standard Grammars

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-310
Author(s):  
Marijana Horvat ◽  
Martina Kramarić
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Language Text

In this article, we will present the rich linguistic heritage of the Croatian language and our attempts to ensure its preservation and presentation to the general public by means of the "Retro-digitization and Interpretation of Croatian Grammar Books before Illyrism ‒ RETROGRAM" project. There is a long tradition of grammatical description in the history of the Croatian language. The first grammar book of the Croatian language was written at the beginning of the 17th century and the first grammar book written in Croatian was compiled in the middle of the 17th century. In later years, when literary and linguistic activity were transferred from the Dalmatian area to the northern and eastern part of Croatia, the Latin model for the description of the Croatian language was still present, even though German was also used. There were a large number of grammars written up to the second half of the 19th century, which are considered pre-standard Croatian grammars. They are the subject of research within the project "Pre-standard Croatian Grammars" at the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics. This research proposal "Retro-digitization and Interpretation of Croatian Grammar Books before Illyrism" aims to create a model for the retro-digitization of the chosen eight Pre-standard Croatian Grammars (written from the 17th until the 19th century). The retro-digitization of Croatian grammar books implies the transfer of printed media to computer-readable and searchable text. It also includes a multilevel mark-up of transcribed or translated grammar text. The next step of the project is the creation of a Web Portal of Pre-standard Croatian Grammars, on which both the facsimiles and the digitized text of the grammars will be presented. Our aim is to present to the wider and international public the attainments of the Croatian language and linguistics as an important part of Croatian culture in general. Keywords: pre-standard Croatian grammars, history of the Croatian language, retro-digitization, Extensible mark-up language, Text encoding initiative, web portal of pre-standard Croatian grammars

THE CONSTITUTION OF MEDINA: A SOCIOLEGAL INTERPRETATION OF MUHAMMAD'S ACTS OF FOUNDATION OF THE UMMA

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïd Amir Arjomand
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Solid Rock ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

One of the oldest extant documents in Islamic history records a set of deeds executed by Muhammad after his migration (hijra) in 622 from Mecca to Yathrib, subsequently known as “the City [madīna] of the Prophet.” Marking the beginning of the Islamic era, the document comprising the deeds has been the subject of well over a century of modern scholarship and is commonly called the “Constitution of Medina”—with some justification, although the first modern scholar who studied it at the end of the 19th century, Julius Wellhausen, more accurately described it as the “municipal charter” (Gemeindeordnung) of Medina. In 1889, Wellhausen highlighted the text's antiquity, which has been acknowledged by even the most skeptical of contemporary “source-critical” scholars, Patricia Crone, who thinks that, in Ibn Ishaq's Sira, “it sticks out like a piece of solid rock in an accumulation of rubble.”

scholarly journals Open Al-Andalus: Hispanic-Muslim Heritage Impact on Spanish Contemporary Architecture

Arts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Extensive Reading ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Contemporary Architecture

Spanish architecture, towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, was characterized by the development of a variety of styles, including Neo-Muslim. The Alhambra of Granada, the Mosque of Cordoba, and the Giralda Tower of Seville, served as inspiration to the design of works that would follow these models, some to a greater extent than others, and would eventually give rise to an architectural trend that would make its way all across Spain. As such, this article attempts to provide some examples of said architecture found in different autonomous communities in Spain, examining them through four typologies, as well as to discuss the consideration and use of the Neo-Muslim style after the second half of the 20th century. The methodology behind this research involved extensive reading and analysis of both general and specific works on the subject, the study of archival materials relative to some of the selected buildings, about which preserved evidence was scarce, as well as taking photographs of the properties included in the text.

The Relationship between Trade and Foreign Direct Investment: Testing Ahmed Midhat Efendi's Hypothesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-549
Author(s):  
V. Necla Geyikdagi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
The West ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Independent Thinking

“Jack of all trades” Ahmed Midhat Efendi, one of the most famous and popular Ottoman writers of the 19th century, ranged widely in his subject matter, which included economics. Although he was criticized for not having a proper education in the field, his independent thinking made him the most important critic of the laissez-faire system that prevailed in the Ottoman Empire. He disapproved of the liberalism transferred from the West in a normative framework.

scholarly journals Designing the social estate of odnodvortsy of the western provinces in 1831

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Constantin Vadimovich Troianowski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Category ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article investigates the process of designing of the new social estate in imperial Russia - odnodvortsy of the western provinces. This social category was designed specifically for those petty szlachta who did not possess documents to prove their noble ancestry and status. The author analyses deliberations on the subject that took place in the Committee for the Western Provinces. The author focuses on the argument between senior imperial officials and the Grodno governor Mikhail Muraviev on the issue of registering petty szlachta in fiscal rolls. Muraviev argued against setting up a special fiscal-administrative category for petty szlachta suggesting that its members should join the already existing unprivileged categories of peasants and burgers. Because this proposal ran against the established fiscal practices, the Committee opted for creating a distinct social estate for petty szlachta. The existing social estate paradigm in Russia pre-assigned the location of the new soslovie in the imperial social hierarchy. Western odnodvortsy were to be included into a broad legal status category of the free inhabitants. Despite similarity of the name, the new estate was not modeled on the odnodvortsy of the Russian provinces because they retained from the past certain privileges (e.g. the right to possess serfs) that did not correspond to the 19th century attributes of unprivileged social estates.

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