scholarly journals Translating and Transcending Censors: Modernist Appropriation and Thematisation of Censorship in the Works of Virginia Woolf, Allen Ginsberg, Czesław Miłosz and Bohumil Hrabal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verita Sriratana ◽  
Milada Polišenská
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Allen Ginsberg ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Czeslaw Milosz ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Past

Censorship has often been regarded as the archenemy of artists, thinkers and writers. But has this always been the case? This research paper proposes that censorship is not a total evil or adversarial force which thwarts and hinders twentieth-century writers, particularly those who were part of the artistic, aesthetic, philosophical and intellectual movement known as Modernism. Though the word “censor” originally means a Roman official who, in the past, had a duty to monitor access to writing, the agents of censorship – particularly those in the modern times – are not in every case overt and easy to identify. Though Modernist writers openly condemn censorship, many of them nevertheless take on the role of censors who not only condone but also undergo self--censorship or censorship of others. In many cases in Modernist literature, readership and literary production, the binary opposition of victim and victimiser, as well as of censored and censor, is questioned and challenged. This research paper offers an analysis of the ways in which Virginia Woolf (1882–1941), Allen Ginsberg (1926–1997), Czesław Miłosz (1911–2004) and Bohumil Hrabal (1914–1997) lived and wrote by negotiating with many forms of censorship ranging from state censorship, social censorship, political censorship, moral censorship to self-censorship. It is a study of the ways in which these writers problematise and render ambiguity to the seemingly clear-cut and mutually exclusive division between the oppressive censor and the oppressed writer. The selected writers not only criticise and compromise with censorship, but also thematise and translate it into their works.

Recent Research on the Archaeology of War and Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consequences Of Violence

The mid-1990s through the first decade of the new millennium marked an increase in publications pertaining to war and violence in the ancient past. This review considers how scholars of the past decade have responded to that work. The emerging consensus is that war and violence were endemic to all societies studied by archaeologists, and yet the frequency, intensity, causes, and consequences of violence were highly variable for reasons that defy simplistic explanation. The general trend has been toward archaeologies of war and violence that focus on understanding the nuances of particular places and historical moments. Nevertheless, archaeologists continue to grapple with grand narratives of war, such as the proposition that violence has decreased from ancient to modern times and the role of war and violence in state formation and collapse. Recent research also draws attention to a more expansive definition of violence. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Anthropology, Volume 50 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

‘Quivering yet still’: Virginia Woolf, Roger Fry and the Aesthetics of Attention

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-75
Author(s):  
Claudia Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Still Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
The Relationship

When Virginia Woolf sought to evoke Roger Fry’s qualities as an art critic, she reached for the image of him as a humming-bird hawk-moth, ‘quivering yet still’ in his absorbed attention to Post-Impressionist paintings. This chapter argues that modes of ‘active’ stillness and receptive, vibratory states of being were crucial to Woolf’s experience and representation of art. It traces ‘quivering’ as a talismanic word across a range of her fiction and non-fiction, and explores the pervasive figure of the insect in Woolf’s re-imagining of the human sensorium, with particular focus on her essay Walter Sickert: A Conversation (1934), and on Sketch of the Past (1939). The second half of the chapter addresses Woolf’s underexplored biography of Roger Fry and her confrontation with the problem of ‘writing’ Fry under the imperative not to ‘fix’ her subject, but rather to register his ‘vibratory’ non-physical presence. It considers the role of vibration more widely in Woolf’s life-writing and in Fry’s art theory, in the context of twentieth-century spiritualism, Quakerism and new communication technologies. It proposes that by examining the different functions and meanings of still life (visual and verbal) in Woolf’s and Fry’s work, we can further illuminate their approach to the relationship between art and life.

scholarly journals Tradition: Connecting the Past and Present A Case Study of Xintiandi in Shanghai

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Fengqi Qian
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Housing Form ◽  
Renewal Project

<p class="1Body">Tradition and modernisation are often seen as a binary opposition. In an urban environment, traditional built form seems incompatible to modern way of life, and the adaptation of traditional neighbourhoods to modern use often causes controversy. Nowadays, ideas about ‘what is tradition’ become shifting, and traditional townscape does not necessarily mean an obstacle to modernisation. This paper reveals how the role of traditional elements is played in China’s urban development. The case study of Xintiandi, Shanghai, where traditional townscape is restored, highlights the connection of the city’s past and present. Xintiandi is a successful yet controversial city renewal project, where Shanghai’s traditional housing form <em>Shikumen</em> is restored and put into adaptive uses. In the course of urban modernisation, the role of tradition as a representation of the connection between the city’s past and present deserves more study. This paper aims to add a perspective to the literature on the study of tradition. It argues for the diversity and fluidity of the ideas about tradition. In this view, tradition is not necessarily in dichotomy with, or opposite to modernisation; rather, tradition justifies the needs of modernisation and supplements its outcomes. The paper is developed in light of works on tradition by Shils, Hobsbawm, Giddens and others; The case study of Xintiandi shows what Old Shanghai tradition means to this city today, and how traditional elements are adapted and used in the course of urban modernisation.</p>

The Scientific Revolution and the Problem of Periodization

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
THEODORE K. RABB
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
European History ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Past

Because of its clear-cut and logical narrative structure, the story of the Scientific Revolution from Copernicus to Newton is essential to an understanding of the shape of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century European History. Moreover, the crucial role of scientific discovery in helping to bring about the victory of the ‘moderns’ over the ‘ancients’ in the late seventeenth century provides a central reason for marking this period as the end of the age of the Renaissance. Regardless of problems of definition, therefore, the Scientific Revolution is of crucial importance to the enterprise of organizing the past into distinct and coherent periods.

scholarly journals Történelemkonstruálás – névkonstruálás

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Language Reform ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 19Th Century

Constructing history – constructing names. Personal names of early Hungarian history and the posterity The topic of the paper is how people of modern times attempt to approach the onomasticon of personal names of the past, of which they lack sufficient knowledge; and how they create a picture of it for themselves and their peers. The paper presents the topic with the help of examples from different eras and genres of cultural history. The paper is based on sources, originating from centuries later, of personal names of the Hungarian Middle Ages, especially the time of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (the end of the 9th century). In the case of the 13th-century Gesta Hungarorum, the intentions of the author and the methods he applied to create and give personal names to narrate the events of the Conquest, of which he had little knowledge, can be easily identified. The writers and poets of the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century – which was the era of national awakening, language reform and romanticism – also exemplify how authors could use old or create new personal names in their historical works influenced by the conditions of their era. Continuing the topic, the paper discusses the process and methods of renewing the onomasticon of first names in national contexts, the role of first names registries from this point of view, and how these often paint a misleading picture of their subject, and thus Hungarian history. Finally, the paper deals not only with the laic considerations of our oldest personal names, but also with the problems of their discussion from a historical point of view, emphasizing the need to involve not only historical onomastics but also the approaches of literary onomastics, folk and applied onomastics.

The Conservative North – the Phonological Makeup of Northern English Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kocel-Duraj
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Past ◽  
External Influences ◽  
English Dialect ◽  
The Mind

The Northern English dialect has always been a source of curiosities and many contrasts, boggling the mind of linguists who would wish to confine it within some limits of linguistic definitions. Starting from its Old English forefather, Northumbrian, onwards, the Northern dialect has proved to be both influential and resistant to external influences. Its borders defy clear categorization as understood by clear-cut variables, providing more for a fuzzy and volatile framework of relations among different Northern varieties. This is somewhat justified by the very nature of the Northern speech which seems to be a product of as much the history as the culture and tradition so deeply rooted in the hearts of Northerners. Against the backdrop of folklore and popular myths surrounding the local varieties, the Northern tongue has developed its unique features based on two contrasting linguistic trends in morphology and phonology. Among those, one can observe strong innovative and influential tendencies in the area of morphology and much resistance to changes or external influences in terms of phonology. It seems particularly surprising that the phonological analysis of the Northern dialect will very often appear to be an analysis of the dialect of the past with many characteristics having remained unaltered since the old times and being now a symbol of pride and affinity for a particular social group. The aim of this article is to investigate some of those phonological relics, trying to “establish historical continuities” and relating the today’s forms to the past. The analysis will include both vowels and consonants, focusing predominantly on such concepts as the retention of [U], lack of diphthongization, lack of palatalization, rhoticity, and the cluster [xw], and it will involve textual examples from modern times backwards. The results of such a study should present a reliable picture of the Northern dialect, which, despite its morphologically innovative nature proved earlier, is characterised by conservative and traditional phonological values, adding colour to the Northerners’ speech and ensuring its special status within the English dialectal family.

Cardiotoxicity and Prescription of Thioridazine in New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B Menkes ◽  
James C Knight
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Malignant Arrhythmias

Objective: To review the production of cardiac arrhythmia by thioridazine, and consider the role of government regulation in light of antipsychotic prescribing trends in New Zealand. Methods: We conducted a focused literature review on psychotropic-induced cardiotoxicity, including mechanisms and incidence. In addition, we considered trends in antipsychotic prescription in New Zealand and decisions made by regulatory bodies in Australia, North America and the United Kingdom regarding restrictions on the prescription of thioridazine. Results: In general, the cardiotoxicity of antipsychotics, including thioridazine, relates to the ability of these drugs to antagonize voltage-sensitive potassium channels, and thereby prolong the QT interval. This action can lead to malignant arrhythmias in a very small proportion (< < 1%) of patients; the risk may be increased by other drugs or factors which prolong QT or inhibit the metabolism of thioridazine. A review of prescription doses and volumes in New Zealand indicates that thioridazine is prescribed mainly in low doses by nonspecialists, and its use has been waning significantly over the past 2 years. These trends predate recent publicity regarding cardiotoxicity. Conclusions: Recommendations regarding thioridazine use are presented. Although new patients should not receive this drug, existing patients benefiting from modest doses should not be denied access unless clear-cut risk factors for cardiotoxicity are evident.

scholarly journals براہوئی خلقی قصہ غاتیٹی غیبات (مافوق الفطرت) کڑدار آتا جاچ

Al-Burz ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Abdul Haleem Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Research Paper ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The Past ◽  
Folk Literature

This research paper describes the importance of Brahui folk literature especially folk tales. In the past folk tales were used to entertain the nomadic. These folk tales have interest in it for everyone. The characters show the norms. values and equal opportunities regarding their society Usually Prince prince’s thieves. woman. were the main characters of tails, beside these personalities there were unusual characters too, which always play the negative roles in tales this research paper shows the unusual role its existence there tricks Sometimes these characters were cooperative for the hero and Somewhere they became harsh or play the role of villain.

scholarly journals ‘Argue with Us!’: Audience Co-creation through Post-Performance Discussions

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Heim
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
The Voice

In this article Caroline Heim explores an avenue for the audience's contribution to the theatrical event that has emerged as increasingly important over the past decade: postperformance discussions. With the exception of theatres that actively encourage argument such as the Staatstheater Stuttgart, most extant audience discussions in Western mainstream theatres privilege the voice of the theatre expert. Caroline Heim presents case studies of post-performance discussions held after performances of Anne of the Thousand Days and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? which trialled a new model of audience co-creation. An audience text which informs the theatrical event was created, and a new role, that of audience critic, established in the process. Caroline Heim is a lecturer in Performance Studies at Queensland University of Technology. Her PhD examined the changing role of theatre audiences in recent years.

From Liberal Utopia to Fukuyama’s Anti-Utopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 35.5 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Yulia S. Chernyakhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Wondering about the essence and goals of modern liberalism, the author of the article turns to the study of the origins of liberalism, and first of all, to the utopias of modern times, that are viewed as an indicators allowing to characterize the essential features of a particular ideology. Considering logically the three political models embodying ideal constructs that address the past, present and future, the author of the article also compares them with the approaches and concepts of modern liberals - primarily with the doctrines of F. Fukuyama. Having drawn the conclusions about the similarities and differences of the basic ideals of liberalism and the value constructs of Fukuyama, the author of the article also turns to the search for other ideal political constructs of the 20th century, capable of assuming the role of a new liberal utopia.

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