scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF DAMAGE TO POTATOES DURING HARVESTING AND STORAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Д.В. КОЛОШЕИН ◽  
Н.В. ЦЫГАНОВ ◽  
Л.А. МАСЛОВА ◽  
С.Н. КУЛЬКОВ
Keyword(s):  
Potato Variety ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Technical Factor ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Fall Height

Проблема и цель. Целью проводимого исследования является снижение механических повреждений в процессе погрузки, перевозки клубней и закладке картофеля на хранение. Методология. Повреждения клубней влияют на лежкость картофеля при хранении. Для достижения цели исследования были определены в соответствии со стандартами предельно допустимые значения энергии удара и высоты падения клубней. Анализ факторов, влияющих на появление повреждений клубней картофеля, позволил группе авторов предложить классификацию основных факторов. Дальнейший анализ показал, что факторы или причины, влияющие на появление повреждений у клубней картофеля, делятся на несколько основных видов. Биологический фактор возникновения повреждений клубней картофеля, как показывает практика, можно минимизировать за счет районирования сортов картофеля (использование наиболее пригодных сортов картофеля для машинной уборки) и соблюдения технологии уборки урожая. Технический фактор в первую очередь зависит от конструктивных особенностей картофелеуборочной техники. Результаты. Проведенные исследования позволили уточнить причины механических повреждений клубней, получаемых при закладке на хранение картофеля в контейнеры. Были определены также размерно-массовые характеристики сорта картофеля «Гала» Заключение. По итогам проведенных исследований было определено, что при загрузке контейнеров и хранении картофеля, а также с целью снижения повреждений клубней необходимо применять различные типы гасителей ударной нагрузки. Самым простым гасителем будут являться ремни из прорезиненной ткани, с креплением по краям контейнера. Problem and goal. The purpose of the study is to reduce mechanical damage during loading, transportation of tubers and laying potatoes for storage. Methodology. Damage to the tubers afects the shelf life of potatoes during storage. Thus, in order to achieve the goal of the study, the maximum permissible values of the impact energy and the fall height of the tubers were determined in accordance with the standards. For this purpose, a group of authors proposed a classifcation of factors that afect the appearance of damage to potato tubers. The analysis of the factors allowed us to identify the classifcation of the necessary factors that afect the appearance of mechanical damage. Further analysis showed that the factors or causes that afect the appearance of damage in potato tubers are divided into several main types. The biological factor of damage to potato tubers, as practice shows, can be minimized by zoning potato varieties (using the most suitable potato varieties for machine harvesting) and compliance with harvesting technology. The technical factor, as practice shows, primarily depends on the design features of potato harvesting equipment. Results. The conducted research allowed us to clarify the causes of mechanical damage to tubers obtained when storing potatoes in containers. The size and mass characteristics of the potato variety "Gala" were also determined» Conclusion. Based on the results of the conducted studies, it was determined that various types of shock absorbers should be used to load containers and store potatoes, as well as to reduce damage to tubers. The simplest extinguisher will be belts made of rubberized fabric, with fastening at the edges of the container.

scholarly journals Impact induced mechanical damage of Agria potato tubers

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blahovec
Keyword(s):  
Potato Variety ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Flat Side

Potato variety Agria was cultivated in different fertilisation and/or irrigation regimes. Tuber damage after impact was studied two months after the harvest with aim to find some relation between the regime of cultivation and impact test tuber damage. It was found that tuber cracking and/or crushing belongs to the most frequent mechanisms of damage masking usual bruising in many cases. Most severe tuber cracking was observed for cultivation with irrigation and classical methods of fertilisation. On the other hand, bruising was most frequent in case without any irrigation and fertilisation and in cases used for fertilisation the pig slurry. In every cultivation regime the bruising was more pronounced in narrower tuber side in comparison to the wider flat side.

scholarly journals The Effect of Light Exposures on the Content of Harmful Substances in Edible Potato Tuber

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Rymuza ◽  
Marek Gugała ◽  
Krystyna Zarzecka ◽  
Anna Sikorska ◽  
Pavol Findura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Total Glycoalkaloids ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Manner ◽  
Effect Of Light

Background: The impact of light on the content of undesirable substances is particularly important in the case of potatoes available in store where the tubers are exposed to continuous light access. Both washed and unwashed potatoes are available, hence the hypothesis that the amount of harmful substances stored in tubers depends not only on the time of their exposure to light, but also on whether they were washed or not. Methods: In order to verify the hypothesis, laboratory tests were carried out on the tubers of five potato varieties originating from a univariate field experiment. The aim of the study was to analyse the change in the content of total glycoalkaloids (TGA) and nitrates (V) in tubers of five potato varieties depending on the time of light exposition (0, 7, 14 days) and pretreatment of tubers. Results: It has been demonstrated that the content of glycoalkaloids and nitrates in potato tubers depended significantly on the variety, time of exposure to light and pretreatment. Most glycoalkaloids were accumulated in the tubers of the Lord (89.67 mg·kg−1) and Irga (89.05 mg·kg−1) varieties. The time of light exposure significantly influenced the increase in glycoalkaloids and nitrates in the studied potato tubers. The increase in TGA after 14 days ranged from 20.67 mg∙kg−1 for variety Vinieta to 54.67 mg∙kg−1 for variety Irga. The increase in nitrates ranged from 11.67 mg∙kg−1 for variety Bellarosa to 27.50 mg∙kg−1 for variety Irga. Exposure time affected the content of glycoalkaloids in a parabolic manner and the content of nitrates in a linear manner.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Nutrition of Early-Maturing Potato Varieties on Drip Irrigation in the South of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Valentina Gamajunova ◽  
Lubov Khonenko ◽  
Oksana Iskakova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Impact

Potatoes are an extremely important crop for the nutrition of the population in Ukraine. Its potential is high-up to 100 t/ha of tubers, but the average yield reaches 14-16 t/ha. To obtain significantly higher productivity, it is necessary to improve the main elements of cultivation technology. The main factor of potato production on drip irrigation is the optimisation of plant nutrition, which the authors have taken to study with three varieties of early maturing potatoes. Studies have established that providing plants with nutrients with the selection of varieties can increase the productivity of tubers up to 37-39 t/ha, or increase its level compared to the control to 64.7%. It was determined that the maximum yield is provided by the main application from autumn N32P32K32, before planting N48P48K48 and carrying out three top dressings during the growing season simultaneously with watering with a total rate of N33 and Plantafol 6 kg/ha, starting from the beginning of budding with an interval of 8-10 days. At the same time, tubers are formed with high-quality indicators as they contain a sufficient number of dry substances, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and starch. It should be noted that when optimising nutrition, the intake of all the main indicators of potato tubers compared to the control slightly decreased, namely dry substances and starch. On the contrary, the amount of ascorbic acid increased, especially with top dressing with Plantafol. Varietal features regarding the impact on the quality of tubers are also determined. Significantly more dry substances were found in tubers of the Riviera and Prada varieties, and more starch content was found in Prada and Minerva varieties. Slightly less dry matter and ascorbic acid were detected in Minerva potato tubers compared to other varieties. From the grown crop of tubers of the studied potato varieties, it is possible to obtain up to 4.0 t/ha of bioethanol or alcohol if they are processed

scholarly journals Impact induced mechanical damage of Agria potato tubers cultivated in different regimes

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
J. Blahovec ◽  
A. Hejlová ◽  
J. Vacek
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Flat Side ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Pendulum Test ◽  
The Impact

The Agria potato tubers were grown in 2005 in cultivation regimes involving different irrigation and fertilisation levels and forms. The impact induced tuber damage was simulated dynamically by an impact pendulum test and studied with the aim to detect some relationship between the cultivation regimes and the type and extent of the damage. The usual bruising presented as black spots is in many cases masked by other mechanisms of damage, e.g. by tuber cracking and/or crushing. The highest degree of tuber cracking and at the same time the least frequent bruising were observed for tubers cultivated in the regime with irrigation and without fertilising. The bruising was more pronounced in the narrower tuber side in comparison to the wider flat side in all cultivation regimes. Some results could be compared with similar previous measurements performed on tubers from the same field experiment organised during three successive years 2003–2005. The flatter side parts of the Agria tubers are more sensitive to bruising than the more oblique ones. The bruise spot shape depends mainly on its dimension. The role of different cultivation regimes can be interpreted in this way.

scholarly journals The Impact of Alkaloid-Producing Epichloë Endophyte on Forage Ryegrass Breeding: A New Zealand Perspective

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Colin Eady
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

For 30 years, forage ryegrass breeding has known that the germplasm may contain a maternally inherited symbiotic Epichloë endophyte. These endophytes produce a suite of secondary alkaloid compounds, dependent upon strain. Many produce ergot and other alkaloids, which are associated with both insect deterrence and livestock health issues. The levels of alkaloids and other endophyte characteristics are influenced by strain, host germplasm, and environmental conditions. Some strains in the right host germplasm can confer an advantage over biotic and abiotic stressors, thus acting as a maternally inherited desirable ‘trait’. Through seed production, these mutualistic endophytes do not transmit into 100% of the crop seed and are less vigorous than the grass seed itself. This causes stability and longevity issues for seed production and storage should the ‘trait’ be desired in the germplasm. This makes understanding the precise nature of the relationship vitally important to the plant breeder. These Epichloë endophytes cannot be ‘bred’ in the conventional sense, as they are asexual. Instead, the breeder may modulate endophyte characteristics through selection of host germplasm, a sort of breeding by proxy. This article explores, from a forage seed company perspective, the issues that endophyte characteristics and breeding them by proxy have on ryegrass breeding, and outlines the methods used to assess the ‘trait’, and the application of these through the breeding, production, and deployment processes. Finally, this article investigates opportunities for enhancing the utilisation of alkaloid-producing endophytes within pastures, with a focus on balancing alkaloid levels to further enhance pest deterrence and improving livestock outcomes.

scholarly journals Overall Efficiency of On-Site Production and Storage of Solar Thermal Energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Teodora M. Șoimoșan ◽  
Ligia M. Moga ◽  
Livia Anastasiu ◽  
Daniela L. Manea ◽  
Aurica Căzilă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Harnessing renewable energy sources (RES) using hybrid systems for buildings is almost a deontological obligation for engineers and researchers in the energy field, and increasing the percentage of renewables within the energy mix represents an important target. In crowded urban areas, on-site energy production and storage from renewables can be a real challenge from a technical point of view. The main objectives of this paper are quantification of the impact of the consumer’s profile on overall energy efficiency for on-site storage and final use of solar thermal energy, as well as developing a multicriteria assessment in order to provide a methodology for selection in prioritizing investments. Buildings with various consumption profiles lead to achieving different values of performance indicators in similar configurations of storage and energy supply. In this regard, an analysis of the consumption profile’s impact on overall energy efficiency, achieved in the case of on-site generation and storage of solar thermal energy, was performed. The obtained results validate the following conclusion: On-site integration of solar systems allowed the consumers to use RES at the desired coverage rates, while restricted by on-site available mounting areas for solar fields and thermal storage, under conditions of high energy efficiencies. In order to segregate the results and support optimal selection, a multicriteria analysis was carried out, having as the main criteria the energy efficiency indicators achieved by hybrid heating systems.

scholarly journals Randomized Binomial Tree and Pricing of American-Style Options

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Xiaoping ◽  
Cao Jie
Keyword(s):  
American Option ◽  
Option Prices ◽  
Occurrence Probability ◽  
Binomial Tree ◽  
No Arbitrage ◽  
Complete Market ◽  
Cubic Polynomial ◽  
American Style ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Randomized binomial tree and methods for pricing American options were studied. Firstly, both the completeness and the no-arbitrage conditions in the randomized binomial tree market were proved. Secondly, the description of the node was given, and the cubic polynomial relationship between the number of nodes and the time steps was also obtained. Then, the characteristics of paths and storage structure of the randomized binomial tree were depicted. Then, the procedure and method for pricing American-style options were given in a random binomial tree market. Finally, a numerical example pricing the American option was illustrated, and the sensitivity analysis of parameter was carried out. The results show that the impact of the occurrence probability of the random binomial tree environment on American option prices is very significant. With the traditional complete market characteristics of random binary and a stronger ability to describe, at the same time, maintaining a computational feasibility, randomized binomial tree is a kind of promising method for pricing financial derivatives.

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