External costs of air pollution generated by road traffic in the Brussels urban area

Road traffic is the most used kind of transportation which has a lot of benefits. Except of these benefits, the road traffic causes a lot of negative impacts like a congestions, air pollution and noise. The proposal of European Parliament is reduction of these impacts by their inclusion to the road charges. In the annex of amending directive 1999/62ES are stated prices for congestion and external costs. If the member state wants higher amount like are stated, they have to be calculated. One element of external costs is noise costs. Noise from road transport causes health problems and has annoying effect to people. In this article, it was processed proposal of noise charges quantification, which consist of a few steps. This process was applied for quantifying noise charges with real values for Slovakia and Slovenia.

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External Costs in Inland Waterway Transport: An Analysis of External Cost Categories and Calculation Methods

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12145874 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 5874 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Florian Hofbauer ◽

Lisa-Maria Putz

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Future Research ◽

Cost Calculation ◽

External Costs ◽

External Cost ◽

Calculation Methods ◽

Inland Waterway ◽

Cost Categories

Sustainable transport, such as using inland waterway transport (IWT), represents a major pillar of the European Green Deal to reduce global warming. To evaluate the different inland transport modes (road, rail, IWT), it is crucial to know the external costs of these modes. The goal of this paper is a critical review of external cost categories (e.g., accidents, noise, emissions) and external cost calculation methods of IWT to provide ideas for future research. We identified 13 relevant papers in a literature review dealing with external costs of IWT. In a meta-analysis, the papers were assigned to the seven external cost categories: accident, noise, congestion, habitat damage, air pollution, climate change and well-to-tank emissions. The most investigated external cost categories are climate change, air pollution and accidents. Two studies were identified as the major external cost calculation methods for IWT in the abstract. Our paper shows that the data basis of IWT is significantly lower than for road/rail. The measurement of energy consumption and related emissions of IWT needs to be qualitatively and quantitatively improved and brought up to the level of road traffic, to ensure an accurate comparison with other modes of transport.

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Estimation of External Costs of Transport in Canton Sarajevo for 2014

JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE ◽

10.7251/jtttp1601019r ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Račić

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Cost Estimation ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

External Costs ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Measured Concentration ◽

Duke University

The main aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the necessity to estimate the external costs of transport, and in particular in urban area of Canton Sarajevo. It does not provide full extent of the costs as it focuses only on two components, air pollution and accidents. It focuses on the concise methodology for estimation of external expenses of air pollution from road and air transport and road traffic accidents, using official statistical data for modeling emissions (COPERT 4, Copert Street Level, IPPC Tier 3A methodology) and for accounting road traffic accidents. Statistical significance of correlation between traffic flow and measured concentration of pollutant at Otoka location is determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Air pollution and traffic accidents are monetized according to the Synapse Energy Economics cost estimation of metric ton of CO2, and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, for other pollutants, while estimation methodology for both air pollution and traffic accidents is done in line with Handbook on External Costs of Transport, European Commission.

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Positive Aspects of COVID 19 Pandemic: A Blessing in Disguis

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.2371 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 187-191

Author(s):

Anjankar Ashish P ◽

Anjankar Vaibhav P ◽

Anjankar Anil J ◽

Kanyal Lata

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Heart Attack ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Community Action ◽

Crime Rates ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Positive Side ◽

The World

COVID 19 is undeniably one of the deadliest diseases that humanity has ever seen. It continues to affect the lives and livelihood of people appallingly across the world. Maximum discussions focus towards the apprehension of catching the infection, dwelling in homes, overpopulated nursing homes and shut down of all kinds. But, here let’s discuss the positive side of COVID 19 pandemic.As COVID 19 has spread its influence all over the world, affected countries have either announced lockdown or have implemented severe restrictions in their respective countries. Because of this, everyone dwells in their homes. Thus, exercising social distancing and functioning from home. All of the above is directed at restricting the transmission of coronavirus and expectantly ostracising the fatality from COVID 19. These transformations have also brought about some unanticipated emanations; some good things have come out of the pandemic as well. Positive effects of COVID 19 are seen on reduced road traffic, and road traffic accidents lowered levels of air pollution which has to lead to lowered heart attack rates and rejuvenating environment. Crime rates have fallen, and expenses are reduced in most places. Community action, communication amongst families, behaviour, sanitation, hygiene, online and distance education has positively impacted by COVID 19 pandemic. COVID 19 despite a bane for humans, can be thought of a boon for living beings. The habitats and elements have been purified with the stringent use of petrochemical products. To breathe fresh air and to consume purified water is a boon by itself. Now, it is time for humans to lead a caring life to every bounty bestowed on them by Nature. This thoughtful and considerate life will give hope for a healthy, stress-free life.

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A COMBINED MODE AND ROUTE CHOICE NETWORK EQUILIBRIUM MODEL CONSIDERING ROAD TRAVEL TIME UNCERTAINTY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT ON ROAD TRAFFIC OF INTRODUCING A RAILWAY IN KANAZAWA URBAN AREA

Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu D ◽

10.2208/jscejd.65.12 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 12-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kazuki NAGAO ◽

Shoichiro NAKAYAMA ◽

Jun-ichi TAKAYAMA ◽

Takuya MARUYAMA

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Urban Area ◽

Equilibrium Model ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Route Choice ◽

Network Equilibrium ◽

Time Uncertainty ◽

Travel Time Uncertainty ◽

Combined Mode

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Impacts of primary emissions and secondary aerosol formation on air pollution in an urban area of China during the COVID-19 lockdown

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2021.106426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 106426

Author(s):

Jie Tian ◽

Qiyuan Wang ◽

Yong Zhang ◽

Mengyuan Yan ◽

Huikun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Urban Area ◽

Aerosol Formation ◽

Secondary Aerosol ◽

Primary Emissions

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Analysis on the Effect of the Mobility of Combustion Vehicles in the Environment of Cities and the Improvement in Air Pollution in Europe: A Vision for the Awareness of Citizens and Policy Makers

Land ◽

10.3390/land10020184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 184

Author(s):

Javier Cárcel-Carrasco ◽

Manuel Pascual-Guillamón ◽

Fidel Salas-Vicente

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Sustainable Transport ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Indirect Measure ◽

Large Cities ◽

Combustion Gases ◽

Short Time

Today, the design and remodeling of urban environments is being sought in order to achieve green, healthy, and sustainable cities. The effect of air pollution in cities due to vehicle combustion gases is an important part of the problem. Due to the indirect effect caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, political powers in Europe have imposed confinement measures for citizens by imposing movement restrictions in large cities. This indirect measure has given us a laboratory to show how the reduction in vehicle circulation affects in a short time the levels of air pollution in cities. Therefore, this article analyzes the effect in different European cities such as Milan, Prague, Madrid, Paris, and London. These cities have been chosen due to their large amount of daily road traffic that generates high levels of pollution; therefore, it can clearly show the fall in these pollutants in the air in the analyzed period. The results shown through this study indicate that the reduction in combustion vehicles greatly affects the levels of pollution in different cities. In these periods of confinement, there was an improvement in air quality where pollutant values dropped to 80% compared to the previous year. This should serve to raise awareness among citizens and political powers to adopt measures that induce sustainable transport systems.

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