scholarly journals Are policies for decentralised forest governance designed to achieve full devolution? Evidence from Eastern Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
K. Magessa ◽  
S. Wynne-Jones ◽  
N. Hockley
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Management Approaches

Decentralised forest management approaches are ostensibly designed to increase community involvement in forest management, yet have had mixed success in practice. We present a comparative study across multiple countries in Eastern Africa of how far decentralised forest policies are designed to achieve devolution. We adopt the decentralisation framework developed by Agrawal and Ribot to explore whether, and how, devolution is specified in Tanzanian, Kenyan, Ugandan, Malawian and Ethiopian forest policies. We also compare them to the commitments of the Rio Declaration. In all five countries, the policies lack at least some of the critical elements required to achieve meaningful devolution, such as democratically elected, downwardly accountable local actors and equitable benefit sharing. Calling an approach 'community' or 'participatory', does not mean that it involves all residents: in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia, policies allow a small group of people in the community to manage the forest reserve, potentially excluding marginalised groups, and hence limiting devolution. This may lead to elite capture, and effective privatisation of forests, enclosing previously de facto common pool resources. Therefore, even without flaws in implementation, these decentralisation policies are unlikely to achieve true devolution in the study countries.

scholarly journals Getting ready for REDD+ in Tanzania: a case study of progress and challenges

Oryx ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Burgess ◽  
Bruno Bahane ◽  
Tim Clairs ◽  
Finn Danielsen ◽  
Søren Dalsgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Participatory Forest Management ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Donor Support ◽  
Management Approaches

AbstractThe proposed mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) offers significant potential for conserving forests to reduce negative impacts of climate change. Tanzania is one of nine pilot countries for the United Nations REDD Programme, receives significant funding from the Norwegian, Finnish and German governments and is a participant in the World Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility. In combination, these interventions aim to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, provide an income to rural communities and conserve biodiversity. The establishment of the UN-REDD Programme in Tanzania illustrates real-world challenges in a developing country. These include currently inadequate baseline forestry data sets (needed to calculate reference emission levels), inadequate government capacity and insufficient experience of implementing REDD+-type measures at operational levels. Additionally, for REDD+ to succeed, current users of forest resources must adopt new practices, including the equitable sharing of benefits that accrue from REDD+ implementation. These challenges are being addressed by combined donor support to implement a national forest inventory, remote sensing of forest cover, enhanced capacity for measuring, reporting and verification, and pilot projects to test REDD+ implementation linked to the existing Participatory Forest Management Programme. Our conclusion is that even in a country with considerable donor support, progressive forest policies, laws and regulations, an extensive network of managed forests and increasingly developed locally-based forest management approaches, implementing REDD+ presents many challenges. These are being met by coordinated, genuine partnerships between government, non-government and community-based agencies.

Factors Affecting Stakeholders’ Participation in Collaborative Forest Management: The Case of Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Alhassan Adams
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Local People ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Reserve Management ◽  
Demographic Attributes

Sustainable management of forest depends on effective participation of primary stakeholders - the local people. This paperfocuses on the assessment of factors that affect participation of local people in four key aspects of forest management - planning,implementation, monitoring and benefit-sharing - in Ghana using a case study of Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve (KHFR). Datacollected from 407 households living around the forest reserve were analyzed to determine the factors affecting participationin reserve management. Socio-demographic actors were found to have mixed effects on reserve management, with reserveplanning associated with gender and educational status of the respondents while benefit-sharing was associated with respondents’educational status and the awareness of collaborative forest management policy. These results imply that for sustainablemanagement of KHFR and similar forest areas in Ghana through collaborative arrangements, policy-makers and forest managersshould consider socio-demographic attributes of primary stakeholders.

Evaluating Community Engagement and Benefit-Sharing Practices in Australian Wind Farm Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Lansbury Hall ◽  
Jarra Hicks ◽  
Taryn Lane ◽  
Emily Wood
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Delphi Panel ◽  
Government Organizations

The wind industry is positioned to contribute significantly to a clean energy future, yet the level of community opposition has at times led to unviable projects. Social acceptance is crucial and can be improved in part through better practice community engagement and benefit-sharing. This case study provides a “snapshot” of current community engagement and benefit-sharing practices for Australian wind farms, with a particular emphasis on practices found to be enhancing positive social outcomes in communities. Five methods were used to gather views on effective engagement and benefit-sharing: a literature review, interviews and a survey of the wind industry, a Delphi panel, and a review of community engagement plans. The overarching finding was that each community engagement and benefit-sharing initiative should be tailored to a community’s context, needs and expectations as informed by community involvement. This requires moving away from a “one size fits all” approach. This case study is relevant to wind developers, energy regulators, local communities and renewable energy-focused non-government organizations. It is applicable beyond Australia to all contexts where wind farm development has encountered conflicted societal acceptance responses.

Organisation des Luzerner Forstdienstes – konsequente Entflechtung von hoheitlichen und betrieblichen Aufgaben | Organisation of the forestry services in Lucerne – differentiating between sovereign and management tasks

2001 ◽  
Vol 152 (11) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Iselin ◽  
Albin Schmidhauser
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
New Public ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Forestry Services ◽  
The Individual

During the past ten years most cantonal forest services have undergone re-organisations. Lucerne's cantonal forest administration initiated a fundamentally new way of providing forestry services by differentiating between sovereign tasks and management tasks. By examining the individual steps of the process we demonstrate how starting with the mandate,goals were developed and implemented over several years. Product managers assumed responsibility for products, as defined in the New Public Management Project, on a cantonal-wide basis. Work within a matrix organisation has led to significant changes. Territorial responsibilities are increasingly assumed by district foresters, who have modern infrastructures at their disposal in the new forestry centres. The re-organisation has led to forest districts being re-drawn and to a reduction in the number of forest regions. To provide greater efficiency,state forest management has been consolidated into a single management unit. The new forest reserve plan removes almost half of the state forest from regular forest management,resulting in a reduction in the volume of work and in the work force. We show how effective the differentiation of sovereignty tasks and management tasks has been in coping with the effects of hurricane Lothar.

scholarly journals Turismo de Base Comunitária: uma proposta para combate das desigualdades sociais na região insular de Belém (PA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Maria Matos Vianna ◽  
Pedro de Alcântara Bittencout César ◽  
Leiliany Negrão de Moura
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tourism Planning ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Insular Region

Analisam-se as possibilidades de inclusão da comunidade em uma proposta de turismo de base comunitária na ilha de Jutuba – Belém, Pará. Nela, a participação dos atores sociais na utilização dos espaços, no planejamento e execução da atividade turística, para desenvolver o turismo na região insular de Belém torna-se fundamental. Sua participação objetiva-se proporcionar e incentivar o envolvimento da comunidade na elaboração das atividades a serem desenvolvidas. A escolha do objeto de estudo foi fundamentada na necessidade de se priorizar o planejamento turístico ordenado, dada a vocação natural da Amazônia. O método dialético foi escolhido por ser o que penetra no mundo dos fenômenos através de uma ação recíproca, da contradição inerente ao fenômeno e da mudança dialética que ocorre na natureza e na sociedade. Após este levantamento buscou-se propor alternativas de inserção da comunidade por meio da gestão do turismo de base comunitária visando o ordenamento da atividade que proporcionará a geração de benefícios econômicos e a inclusão social aos moradores da ilha. Community-based tourism: study of the relationship of local actors with the policies involved in the insular region of Belém (PA, Brazil) ABSTRACT There were analyzed the possibilities of including of a community on a proposal for community-based tourism in Jutuba island – Belém, Pará. Here, the participation of social actors in the use of space, in the planning and in the implementation of tourism activity to develop it in the island regional of Belém become essential. Its participation aims to provide and encourage community involvement in the preparing of activities to be developed. The choice of object of study was based on the need to prioritize the tourism planning, given the natural condition of Amazon region. The dialectical method was chosen because it enters the world of phenomena through a reciprocal action, its inherent contradiction in the phenomenon and dialectical chance that occurs in nature and society. Following this survey, there were proposed alternatives to include the community through the community-based tourism management, aiming the development tourism activity, which will provide economic benefits and social inclusion of the residents. KEYWORS: Tourism Planning; Social Inclusion; Community-based tourism; Insular Region of Belém; Jutuba Island.

INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES: CASE STUDY OF MANGROVE AREA IN KUALA GULA, PERAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salina Nor Azam ◽  
Tanot Unjah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
The Innovative Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
Management Approaches

This paper attempts to identify and explicate sustainability approach through innovative management of natural resources that is able to create balance between conservation and utilization of natural resources. Innovative management of natural resources is related to the act of bringing changes or an introduction to a novelty idea for achieving organisational goal which involves organising people, finances and resources, training, controlling, monitoring, and sanctioning. The study focuses on the mangrove ecosystem, one of the most sensitive natural resources in the country, which has been successfully managed by the government through top down approach. Data was gathered through content analysis and interviews with several key persons from the study area. This paper firstly compares the different management approaches in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve and Kuala Gula Mangrove, before finally elaborating on the innovative management of the latter.

Guided Change Through Community Forestry A Case Study in Forest Management Unit 17 – Newfoundland

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Common Property Resource ◽  
Forestry Project

For centuries the coastal forests of insular Newfoundland traditionally have been exploited as a common property resource for individual domestic purposes. Indiscriminate domestic cutting has led to deteriorated forests and to increased conflicts with commercial forestry interests. In recent years many approaches have been tried to manage domestic cutters. This article examines the process used by the staff of Forest Management Unit 17, on the Great Northern Peninsula, that led to a pilot community forestry project as a means of fostering responsibility and accountability in the wood cutting public. It is concluded that the process of changing the undesirable aspects of common property traditions requires adequate time and commitments of funding, staff, and community involvement. The community forest concept could be expanded to other Newfoundland Forest Management Units with high domestic demand and low supplies of accessible timber. Key Words: common property, domestic cutting, community forestry

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