Comparative analysis of regulatory framework related to private forest management in Slovenia and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Forest policy and forest ownership patterns in Slovenia and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) have changed considerably in recent decades due to unprecedented scale of social, political and economic change. The distribution of ownership types varies between the countries – in Slovenia private forest ownership predominates (77%), while in FBiH only about 20% of forest is private-owned. In both countries, private forest properties are small-scale and fragmented, which affects management opportunities and the scale at which policy interventions need to be made. This paper analyses the Slovenian and Central Bosnia Cantonal Law on Forests to assess how the regulatory framework affects private forest owners’ (PFOs) rights, forest management and accelerates cooperation of PFOs. Both laws impose exclusive rights and responsibilities of PFOs, as well as limitation on how they can use their forests. In both countries, legislation contains detailed regulations for forest management activities and stipulate that mandatory forest management plans (FMPs) are an important tool that supports the implementation of sustainable forest management. In Slovenia, FMPs are prepared as common plans for all forests regardless the ownership, while in FBiH the Cantonal Law prescribes a separate forest management planning system for private forests. To improve the efficiency of private forest management, both laws support voluntary cooperation of PFOs. From the analysis, it can be concluded that there is a need for better harmonisation of public and private interests in relation to forest resources, especially in the case of FBiH, and that the deregulation of property right is needed as well as that the level of involvement of PFOs in the forest policy making process is unsatisfactory, in most cases only formal.

Public Attitudes towards Birds and Private Forest Land Conservation

The eastern United States is dominantd by private forest lands, which are important for supporting a significant proportion of global bird populations. Here, we examine public attitudes towards bird conservation, government involvement in private lands issues, and private forest management objectives with an aim to better understand how these perceptions may shape broader attitudes about bird conservation. Data were collected using psychometric scales and a statewide web survey of the general public in Pennsylvania, USA (n = 656). Findings reveal four unique perspectives about birds and important correlations with conservation support on private lands. Respondents with positive views about landowner assistance programs often had more complex attitudes towards birds and were associated with relational and ethical perspectives about birds. We conclude that future public education efforts might cultivate in learners a more robust understanding of bird conservation if they included private forest lands values and culture in their programs.

The role of land management in increasing the income of Private Forest farmers in Central Lombok Regency

One of the success indicator of private forest farming is an increase in farmers’ income, which is indicated by the large contribution of income from private forests. The size of the income is influenced by several factors, including the pattern of private forest management which will determine the quality products of private forests. However, currently, most of the private forest farmers have not placed the aspect of land management as the main factor determining the success of farming in private forests. This research is conducted to determine the role of land management on the income of private forest farmers in Central Lombok Regency. The research was conducted in three private forests in Central Lombok Regency, namely Pemepek, Setiling, and Sepakek Villages. The method used is interviews using questionnaire to 45 respondents who are selected purposively. The object of observation is land management which include plant maintenance, and harvesting; and farmers’ income from private forest and non-private forest. The data analysis was carried out in a descriptive qualitative manner. The results showed that in general, land management carried out by private forest farmers had not been able to increase income from private forests. However, farmers who carry out crop maintenance in the form replanting are able to produce a higher income than when farmers applied other land management activity. The combination of land management activity will improve their income. The more intensive land management, the higher the income will be obtained.

Aktiviranje gospodarjenja v zasebnih gozdovih s poslovnim sodelovanjem med zasebnimi lastniki gozdov in ponudniki gozdarskih storitev: študij primera revir Vodice

We investigated the possibility of activating private forest management through business cooperation within 'forest lease' and 'forest management' business models between private forest owners (PFOs) and forest service providers. By surveying PFOs (n = 205) and forest service providers (n = 14), we found that the willingness to engage in business cooperation in both proposed business models is higher among forest service providers than PFOs. In addition, we found that business cooperation within the proposed business models is feasible because the level of cooperation of PFOs with forest service providers over a 10-year period is satisfactory, and the proposed terms and conditions governing the business relationship and basic contract obligations of the contracting parties have proven to be appropriate for both business partners. In order to establish business cooperation, it is first necessary to promote business cooperation at the local level and to establish business relations between potential partners.

To discussion of the Сoncept of the draft Federal law “Forest Code of the Russian Federation”

The article discusses the concept of the draft Federal Law of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation put forward by the CEPL staff. The timeliness of such a discussion by the wide professional community is recognized. Proposals are being made to change a number of provisions of the Concept. It is proposed to clarify the status of “wild forests”. The thesis about the inadmissibility of leaving the cutting areas of oak forests for natural overgrowth is emphasized, which leads to the transformation of strategically valuable oak formations of the Central Black Earth Region into significantly less valuable deciduous forests without his participation. The authors support the position on the unacceptability of the existing model of private forest management, which leads to “deterioration of the state of forests, reduction of their economic and ecological potential.” A number of proposals are being made to improve the country’s forestry. It is proposed to restore the Ministry of Forestry, transfer the use of forest resources to state forestry enterprises, staffed with personnel, equipment and machinery for the production of all types of forestry work. To add to the section on the indefinite use of forest plots, research institutions, educational institutions, in the use of which there are forest plots for long-term research. It is necessary to exclude other types of use of forest areas (for example, hunting use), where research or educational activities are carried out.

Ovire in rešitve pri sanaciji v ujmah poškodovanih zasebnih gozdov

Frequent natural disasters in recent years have been a major challenge in private forest management and have led to increased activity among all stakeholders along the forest-wood chain. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on salvage logging in private forests damaged by natural disasters, with the aim of identifying the barriers that private forest owners face in salvaging and solutions for faster and more efficient salvaging. After reviewing the relevant literature, we included 59 articles and 25 reports in the final analysis. The results showed that researchers have not yet systematically addressed the identification of barriers. We identified 51 barriers, which we classified into 7 groups, and 68 solutions, which we classified into 11 groups. Most researchers have dealt with barriers from the 'Characteristics of private forest owners' group and solutions from the 'Stakeholder Cooperation' group. Finally, we associated the identified barriers with appropriate salvaging solutions and found that all identified solutions represent a solution for at least one of the barriers and that each barrier has at least one solution. The research represents the first, but important, step in identifying the decision-making factors for salvaging in private forests damaged by natural disasters.

Challenges of private forests management in Cluwak sub-district, Pati regency, Indonesia

The management of private forests carried out by farmers, in general, is still very simple. Land tenure is usually relatively narrow and diffuse, family-based management with limited knowledge and multi cropping in one field. Nevertheless, the benefits can already be felt by farmers both economically, ecologically, and socially. Private forests can increase land cover in the form of trees and various other types of plants. The characteristics of private forests that are generally encountered on Java are also found in the Cluwak sub-district, Pati regency. This paper will review and identify various challenges in private forest management in the Cluwak sub-district, Pati regency. Thus economically, ecologically, and socially sustainable private forest management becomes a challenge that is not impossible to realize. Data analysed descriptively from field observations, various reports, and similar research findings. Several studies have found that there are factors that influence the management of private forests such as internal factors (natural resources, human resources, farmers' group institutional, social) and external factors (markets, government assistance, and culture technique).

Management Strategy for Private Forest development in Rancakalong District, Sumedang Regency

Wood is one of the natural resources needed by humans. The high growth rate of the human population causes an increase in demand for wood. Currently, one of the largest timber producers in West Java is private forests. Fulfillment of high demand for wood should be balanced with good management, so that is not to threat private forest sustainability. One of the areas with the private forest that is still actively undertaking private forest management activities is in Rancakalong District, Sumedang Regency. This study aims to identify the current management practice of private forests and to formulate sustainable development strategies. The data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, field observation, and secondary data collection. The respondent number of private forest farmers was 98 respondents. Snowball sampling techniques were used to interview government officials, middlemen or wood dealers. The analysis results at the input have an internal total score of 2,7, which shows the condition is at the medium stage and external total score of 3,17, which shows the public response to threats and opportunities are strong enough. At the matching stage, the result is that the management of private forest is the second quadrant, which means that the private forest is entering the growth stage. The study result shows that the first priority to be implemented in the Rancakalong private forest is to establish farmer organizations.Keywords: private forest, management, strategic, Rancakalong

The assessment of Lithuanian private forestry sustainability

The development of private forestry in Lithuania has raised the problem of its sustainability assessment. In order for private forest management in small holdings to be based on sustainability principles, this sustainability must be characterized by a system of measurable criteria and indicators. The purpose of the study is to assess the sustainability of Lithuanian private forestry. Based on European and other processes on criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management for the first time Lithuanian private forestry sustainability was assessed. The assessment model is based on the multicriteria analysis and includes 7 steps: 1) criteria and indicators, 2) their importance, 3) values of indicators, 4) target indicators, 5) assessment scales, 6) assessment of indicators, 7) overall assessment. The article describes the small-scale private forestry of Lithuania, the model of its sustainability assessment and the results of the assessment. The assessment score for the sustainability of Lithuanian private forestry is 3.2 on the 5-point scale.