Do Lower Student to Counselor Ratios Reduce School Disciplinary Problems?

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E Carrell ◽  
Susan A Carrell
Keyword(s):  
School Counselors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Alachua County ◽  
Disciplinary Problems ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The University

AbstractThe American School Counselor Association (ASCA) recommends that there be no more than 250 students to each school counselor. Although numerous studies in the education literature show that school counselors play a positive role in educating children, to our knowledge, this is the first study answering the question of whether lower student to counselor ratios, all else equal, improve student outcomes. Using data provided to us by Florida's Alachua County School District and the University of Florida Counselor Education Department, we show that lower student to counselor ratios decrease both the recurrence of student disciplinary problems and the share of students involved in a disciplinary incident. These effects are greater for minority and low-income students. The fixed-effect models used, control for all unobserved heterogeneity across schools, isolating the effects on discipline from the within-school changes in the student-to-counselor ratio. The empirical methodologies employed produce unbiased estimates as long as the variation in the student to counselor ratio is not driven by unobserved factors that affect disciplinary outcomes.

School Counselor Perceptions of Preparation and Importance of College and Career Readiness Counseling

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2156759X2199839
Author(s):  
Alexandra Novakovic ◽  
Eva N. Patrikakou ◽  
Melissa S. Ockerman
Keyword(s):  
School Counselors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Career Readiness ◽  
College And Career Readiness ◽  
Training School ◽  
Urban District ◽  
College And Career ◽  
Counselor Perceptions ◽  
School Counselor Perceptions

This study addresses school counselors’ perceptions of the importance of college and career readiness counseling and their preparedness to implement aspects of such counseling with students and families. Results from surveying school counselors in a large urban district serving a diverse, low-income student population indicated that school counselors did not believe they were well prepared to provide many aspects of college and career readiness counseling, although they perceived that each area was important to their work with students and families. We discuss implications for training school counselors in college and career readiness counseling.

Embracing School Counselors’ Situatedness: Data-Based Decision Making as Fulfillment of a Complex Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1_part_3) ◽  
pp. 2156759X2110119
Author(s):  
Brett Zyromski ◽  
Catherine Griffith ◽  
Jihyeon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Counselor Identity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Support Students ◽  
Students Success ◽  
Data Based Decision Making

Since at least the 1930s, school counselors have used data to inform school counseling programming. However, the evolving complexity of school counselors’ identity calls for an updated understanding of the use of data. We offer an expanded definition of data-based decision making that reflects the purpose of using data in educational settings and an appreciation of the complexity of the school counselor identity. We discuss implications for applying the data-based decision-making process using a multifaceted school counselor identity lens to support students’ success.

scholarly journals Evaluating Vegetable Production for Market Windows as an Alternative for Limited Resource Farmers

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Arden Colette ◽  
G. Brian Wall
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
The North ◽  
The University

Increased vegetable production for the fresh market often has been suggested as an agricultural alternative that will improve the income situation of small-scale farmers. Because vegetable production is an intensive activity and high incomes per acre are possible, it has political appeal as a quick solution to the low income levels generally associated with small farm operations. This study was developed from the small farm program of the University of Florida, which has concentrated on the northern and panhandle areas of Florida. Trials conducted by the Vegetable Crops Department of the University of Florida in 1974 and 1975 indicate that by variation of the planting season and control of insects and diseases, vegetables can be produced during periods of the year when the north Florida area has not historically competed in the fresh vegetable market.

Improving Travel Quality of Low-Income Commuters in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2605 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Cheng ◽  
Xuewu Chen ◽  
William H. K. Lam ◽  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Pengfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Walking Environment ◽  
Restricted Mobility

Low-income residents can depend on fewer travel options and have restricted mobility. This paper analyzes low-income commuters’ mode choice behavior by using data from an activity-based travel survey in Fushun, China. An integrated choice and latent variable model is presented. The model uses the following latent attitudes: comfort, convenience, reliability, flexibility, safety, and environmental preferences. The inclusion of attitudes captures unobserved heterogeneity of the choice process with a better understanding of travel demands. Postestimation of the integrated model is applied to assess the responsiveness of preferences for various transportation modes to changes in policy-relevant variables. This assessment is done by calculating the elasticity and marginal effects of choice probabilities for the relevant attributes of travel preferences. The analysis indicates that individuals with high comfort preferences care more about walking environment, and they need solutions to enhance their walking experience. However, travelers preferring reliability are more likely to travel by public transit, and measures to inform commuters of real-time bus operation information were proposed. Commuters who emphasize environmental preference are more apt to cycle; therefore, probike strategies are recommended. Results of the analysis indicate that different actions should be taken to serve different preferences. The findings should be useful information for policy makers and transportation planners wanting to improve low-income commuters’ travel quality.

School Counselors’ Involvement with a School-Wide Positive Behavior Support Intervention: Addressing Student Behavior Issues in a Proactive and Positive Manner

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2156759X1201600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Martens ◽  
Kelsey Andreen
Keyword(s):  
School Counselors ◽  
Positive Behavior Support ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Positive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Support ◽  
Implementation Team ◽  
Behavior Issues ◽  
Prevention Model ◽  
Using Data

For schools using School-Wide Positive Behavior Supports, the school counselor is an essential member of the implementation team. Moreover, the prevention model corresponds with the school counselor standards and the ASCA National Model. This article shows how a school counselor teams with school staff in a K-3 elementary school of 600 pupils to implement and manage a School-Wide Positive Behavior Support targeted intervention called Check-in/Check-out (CICO). The authors review current research relevant to CICO and provide sample student data, daily behavior report cards, referral forms, and home reports. The article gives suggestions on using CICO to support students with mental health concerns including using data to collaborate with other community professionals.

scholarly journals Determination of the diversity of astroviruses in feces from cats in Florida

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia E. Lawler ◽  
Kirstin A. Cook ◽  
Hannah G. Williams ◽  
Linda L. Archer ◽  
Karen E. Schaedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Outreach ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Alachua County ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
The University ◽  
Future Test

Astroviruses are small, nonenveloped RNA viruses that have been linked to numerous diseases in a variety of species, including enteric disease in humans and cheetahs. Species Mamastrovirus 2, previously known as feline astrovirus, has been isolated from the feces of domestic cats and cheetahs. A total of 122 cat fecal samples from Alachua County, FL Animal Services and the Veterinary Community Outreach Program at the University of Florida were analyzed, and 35 contained astroviral RNA that was amplified and identified using consensus RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Using phylogenetic analysis, 19 of the astroviral sequences were identified as Mamastrovirus 2, making it the most prevalent astrovirus in this population. Three samples were identified as an astrovirus similar to viruses previously identified in foxes in The Netherlands and a cat in California, and one was similar to a bat astrovirus. One astroviral sequence was identified as an Avastrovirus. Although a causative relationship between mamastroviruses and enteric disease in cats has yet to be established, it is clear that mamastroviruses are prevalent, and an understanding of prevalence of astroviral types may help direct future test development.

Strengths-Based Partnerships: A School-Family-Community Partnership Approach to Empowering Students

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2156759X0801200
Author(s):  
Julia Bryan ◽  
Lynette Henry
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Partnership Approach

When school counselors team and collaborate with school personnel, families, and community members to foster strengths-based partnerships, they are able to implement classroom, schoolwide, and community-based programs and interventions that support and empower children and families. Strengths-based partnerships utilize the assets found in schools, families, and communities to create strengths-enhancing environments, promote caring and positive adult-child relationships, strengthen children's social support networks, foster academic success, and empower children with a sense of purpose. This article describes a case example of a strengths-based approach to school-family-community partnerships that a school counselor in a Title I elementary school is implementing to empower low-income children and families of color.

School Counselors’ Strategies for Social Justice Change: A Grounded Theory of What Works in the Real World

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 2156759X1001300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneliese A. Singh ◽  
Alessandra Urbano ◽  
Meg Haston ◽  
Eleanor McMahan
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Self Advocacy ◽  
School Communities ◽  
Counselor Role ◽  
Difficult Dialogues ◽  
Using Data

A qualitative study used a grounded theory methodology to explore the strategies that 16 school counselors who self-identified as social justice agents used to advocate for systemic change within their school communities. Findings included seven overarching themes: (a) using political savvy to navigate power structures, (b) consciousness raising, (c) initiating difficult dialogues, (d) building intentional relationships, (e) teaching students self-advocacy skills, (f) using data for marketing, and (g) educating others about the school counselor role of advocate.

Enhancing Evidence-Based Practice Through University–Practitioner Partnerships

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1b) ◽  
pp. 2156759X1983443
Author(s):  
Ian Martin ◽  
Brett Zyromski ◽  
Edward W. Gigliotti
Keyword(s):  
School Counseling ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
Step Model ◽  
The University

This article proposes a three-step model for implementing successful university and practitioner partnerships to advance the use of evidence-based practices (EBP) in school counseling. Although an ethical mandate exists to use EBP, many school counselor educators and school counselors struggle to implement EBP in their coursework or at their schools. The university–practitioner partnership model proposed here emphasizes that EBP be taught in coursework, that students reinforce those practices through observation of practitioners using them in their schools, and that students experiment with EBP in their fieldwork. We provide suggestions to support successful implementation of the model.

Academically Resilient, Low-Income Students’ Perspectives of how School Counselors Can Meet their Academic Needs

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1096-2409-19.1. ◽  
Author(s):  
Williams Joseph ◽  
Steen Sam ◽  
Tracy Albert ◽  
Betty Dely ◽  
Brian Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Counselors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Academic Needs ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cultural Wealth ◽  
Meaningful Relationships

This phenomenological, qualitative study examined a national sample of academically resilient, low-income middle school students’ (N = 24) perspectives of what school counselors can do to promote their academic achievement. Three main themes and nine subthemes were identified: build meaningful relationships, build on the cultural wealth of students, and provide mental health services in schools. This article discusses implications for school counselor practice and future research.

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