CHAPTER SEVEN Indigenous Transnationalism and the AIDS Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 188-206
Keyword(s):  
Aids Pandemic

Addressing the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: A U.S. Global AIDS Strategy for the Long Term

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Council on Foreign Relations Milbank Memorial Fund
Keyword(s):  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

Thailand

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Brody
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Aids Pandemic

While raising questions about the Thai sex industry is, in view of the AIDS pandemic, a matter of urgent research interest, much of the existing discourse has failed to place an understanding of masculinity on the agenda. This paper aims to rethink assumptions about masculinity and confront much wider assumptions about male – and therefore human – nature. Against this background Thai prostitution is conceptualised as an axis around which many discourses of ‘otherness’ turn, leading to questions about the forms prostitution takes, who the clients are and how their motivations are articulated.

scholarly journals In search of therapeutic candidates for HIV/AIDS: rational approaches, design strategies, structure–activity relationship and mechanistic insights

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
pp. 17936-17964
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Pooja Sharma ◽  
Shabu ◽  
Ramandeep Kaur ◽  
Maloba M. M. Lobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Hiv Aids

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is a serious threat to the health and development of mankind, which has affected about 37.9 million people worldwide.

scholarly journals A single-centre, retrospective study of the incidence of invasive fungal infections during 85 years of autopsy service in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia Cristina Dantas ◽  
Thais Mauad ◽  
Carmen D. Saldiva de André ◽  
Ana Luiza Bierrenbach ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Frequent Infection ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAutopsy continues to play an essential role in monitoring opportunistic fungal infections. However, few studies have analysed the historical trends of fungal infections in autopsies. Here, we analyse available data on fungal infections obtained from autopsy reports during 85 years of autopsies performed by the largest autopsy service in Brazil. All invasive fungal infections presented in autopsy reports between 1930 and 2015 were included. Of the 158,404 autopsy reports analysed, 1096 involved invasive fungal infections. In general, paracoccidioidomycosis (24%) was the most frequent infection, followed by candidiasis (18%), pneumocystosis (11.7%), cryptococcosis (11%), aspergillosis (11%) and histoplasmosis (3.8%). Paracoccidioidomycosis decreased after the 1950s, whereas opportunistic fungal infections increased steadily after the 1980s during the peak of the AIDS pandemic. The lung was the most frequently affected organ (73%). Disseminated infection was present in 64.5% of cases. In 26% of the 513 cases for which clinical charts were available for review, the diagnosis of opportunistic fungal infections was performed only at autopsy. Our unique 85-year history of autopsies showed a transition from endemic to opportunistic fungal infections in São Paulo, Brazil, reflecting increased urbanization, the appearance of novel diseases, such as AIDS in the 1980s, and advances in medical care over time.

Resilience revisited: AIDS and resilience among a Yi ethnic minority in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
pp. 095935432110011
Author(s):  
Rachel Sing-Kiat Ting ◽  
Louise Sundararajan ◽  
Yuanshan Luo ◽  
Junyi Wang ◽  
Kejia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Conceptual Space ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

This study attempts to widen the conceptual space of resilience in (Western) psychology in order to better capture the resilience landscape of an ethnic minority group ravaged by the HIV/AIDS pandemic—the Nuosu-Yi in Southwest China. Without decolonizing the construct of resilience, non-Western versions of coping with adversities cannot be properly understood. Our process of decolonization of resilience involved two steps: First, we conducted semistructured interviews with the target population ( N = 21) to take inventory of their Indigenous notions of resilience. Second, for conceptual comparison, we mapped the themes and categories, derived from thematic analysis, of the interview data onto the conceptual space of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), which we used as proxy for mainstream conceptualizations of resilience. This mapping revealed multiple lacunae in the theoretical framework of RSA, and unique properties in the Indigenous approach to adversities in contrast. Far reaching theoretical and practical implications of this investigation are discussed.

scholarly journals The influence of cultural practices on the HIV and AIDS pandemic in Zambia

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolipher Moyo ◽  
Julian C. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Bible Study ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Shed Light

Culture plays a significant role in people’s lives in Zambia and in Africa as a whole. Consequently, there is a need to take Zambian or African culture seriously in order to look at the salient elements of cultural practices in rites of passage that influence the spread of HIV and AIDS. This article analyses four rites of passage associated with birth, puberty, marriage and death. There are numerous rites of passage in Zambian culture. Some of these rites help to curb the spread of HIV and AIDS, whilst others exacerbate the spread of the virus. Using the Reformed Church in Zambia Bible Study Method of Subgroups, discussions were held that allowed victims of cultural practices to tell their stories using the narrative model. This article sought to shed light on cultural practices that exacerbate HIV and AIDS and more importantly, provide culturally sensitive alternatives to these harmful practices.

HIV and AIDS in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Women And Girls

Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV, with an estimated 25.7 million HIV-positive people in Africa by the end of 2018. This figure represents over two-thirds of infected people globally. African women and girls represent a majority of those infected, and Africa is home to three-fourths of all HIV-infected women and girls. Across African countries, there are differences in the sizes and trajectories of HIV epidemics. Southern Africa has the worst epidemic, with the numbers infected still rising in some countries. Prompting a development and governance crisis in many southern African countries, HIV prevalence rates are as high as 20 percent of the adult population in some countries and nearing 50 percent of the adult population in certain communities. East Africa too has been hit hard by HIV, leading to high mortality and morbidity rates in that region as well. In most of West and North Africa, there has been limited spread of HIV, with most countries in these regions having HIV prevalence rates of less than 3 percent. Africa’s encounter with HIV and AIDS began before it was first identified as a medical condition early in the 1980s. However, it was not recognized as an epidemic in most parts of Africa until much later. Framed largely as a public health crisis rather than a developmental one, much of the world’s focus on the AIDS pandemic in Africa has centered on access to treatment, and developing effective prevention strategies that have principally focused on behavior change practices for targeted populations. However, the HIV and AIDS pandemic in Africa did not emerge in a vacuum. It is the consequence of longer historical processes such as massive demographic growth, urbanization, and social change, as well as global inequalities and historical legacies of colonialism and imperialism. In this regard, a historical account of HIV in Africa offers an important corrective to the dominant biomedical response to AIDS in Africa. It is important to take note of longer historical processes that have shaped both the virus and the human response to it.

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