18. Processing of the Japanese language by native Chinese speakers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuo Tamaoka
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Language ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Native Chinese Speakers

scholarly journals Specific Features of Lettered Words’ Integration in the Graphic, Phonetic and Grammatical Aspects of the Chinese Language

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Tatiana Uryvskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Know How ◽  
Native Chinese Speakers ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper is devoted to the specific features of lettered words' integration in the graphic, phonetic and grammatical aspects of the Chinese language. The author has analyzed a number of local and foreign studies, covering the main patterns of the lettered words' integration. Based on Liu Yongquan's studies, it was concluded that it's important to strictly follow letters' case. The case difference can distinguish semantics of different lettered words. Native Chinese speakers with high linguistic competence are able to recognize various lettered words in print, but they may not know how to read them out loud. Therefore, the pronunciation of lettered words is associated with a number of issues: the choice of pronunciation standard, the differentiation of initialisms and acronyms, the choice which syllable to stress. Based on the results of previous research, different ways of how borrowed lettered words respond to the grammatical norms of the Chinese language were identified. The empirical analysis was performed with lettered words extracted by the method of continuous sampling from lexicographic sources. Using the cases described in the paper, the author has proved that in addition to such word-formation processes as compounding, semi-affixation, syntactic and morphological transposition, lettered words can also be formed and transformed with morphological contraction.

scholarly journals Testing Models of the Visual Word Form Area Using Combined ERP and fMRI Using the Special Properties of Chinese Characters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Xiang ◽  
Joseph Dien ◽  
Donald J. Bolger
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Partially Order ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Visual Word Form Area ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Native Chinese Speakers

AbstractThe visual word form area or VWFA has been of special interest for studies of reading and dyslexia and yet there are conflicting models regarding its function. Here we put the Local Combination Detector, Lexicon, and Interactive accounts to the test, using a combination of event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging. We do so using both pseudoword and reversed radical false word manipulations with Chinese characters, making use of its special properties. We recorded event-related potentials with 68 channels while twenty native Chinese speakers were making rhyme and meaning judgments on single Chinese characters and BOLD signals were collected in a 3T magnet using multi-plane EPI with a further fifteen native Chinese speakers. The word N170 showed a prolongation for reversed radical false characters while the VWFA also showed an effect of reversal, albeit only for pseudocharacters. Furthermore, an N450 rhyming effect was observed in the phonological task compared to the semantic task, but only via an interaction with reversal. The source analysis of the N450 co-registered with a Supplementary Motor Area activation. The combination of these observations suggests that the ventral orthographic pathway is partially order insensitive and that full phonological encoding occurs relatively late, supporting and expanding a model of dyslexia. Overall, they best support a version of the Lexicon account of the VWFA.

The phonological preparation unit in spoken word production in a second language

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUCHU LI ◽  
MIN WANG ◽  
JOSHUA A. DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Spoken Word Production ◽  
Native Chinese Speakers

This study investigated the phonological preparation unit when planning spoken words with native Chinese speakers who speak English as a Second Language (ESLs). In Experiment 1, native Chinese speakers named pictures in Chinese, and the names shared the same onset, same rhyme, or had nothing systematically in common. No onset effect was shown, suggesting that native Chinese speakers did not use onset as their preparation unit. There was a rhyme interference effect, probably due to lexical competition. In Experiment 2, the same task was conducted in English among Chinese ESLs and native English speakers. Native speakers showed onset facilitation whereas ESLs did not show such an effect until Block 3. ESLs’ phonological preparation unit is likely to be influenced by their native language but with repetition they are able to attend to sub-syllabic units. Both groups showed rhyme interference, possibly as a result of joint lexical and phonological competition.

scholarly journals High Proficiency in a Second Language is Characterized by Greater Involvement of the First Language Network: Evidence from Chinese Learners of English

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1649-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Cao ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Charles A. Perfetti ◽  
James R. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Native Chinese Speakers ◽  
The Right

The assimilation hypothesis argues that second language learning recruits the brain network for processing the native language, whereas the accommodation hypothesis argues that learning a second language recruits brain structures not involved in native language processing. This study tested these hypotheses by examining brain activation of a group of native Chinese speakers, who were late bilinguals with varying levels of proficiency in English, when they performed a rhyming judgment to visually presented English word pairs (CE group) during fMRI. Assimilation was examined by comparing the CE group to native Chinese speakers performing the rhyming task in Chinese (CC group), and accommodation was examined by comparing the CE group to native English speakers performing the rhyming task in English (EE group). The CE group was very similar in activation to the CC group, supporting the assimilation hypothesis. Additional support for the assimilation hypothesis was the finding that higher proficiency in the CE group was related to increased activation in the Chinese network (as defined by the CC > EE), including the left middle frontal gyrus, the right inferior parietal lobule, and the right precuneus, and decreased activation in the English network (as defined by the EE > CC), including the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left inferior temporal gyrus. Although most of the results support assimilation, there was some evidence for accommodation as the CE group showed less activation in the Chinese network including the right middle occipital gyrus, which has been argued to be involved in holistic visuospatial processing of Chinese characters.

scholarly journals Online processing of the grammatical aspect marker by L2 Chinese learners

2021 ◽  
pp. 026765832199642
Author(s):  
Lijuan Liang ◽  
Vasiliki Chondrogianni ◽  
Baoguo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Learning Experience ◽  
Competition Model ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Semantic Constraints ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
L2 Chinese ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
Native Chinese Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Transfer

The perfective aspect marker in Chinese is partly functionally similar to inflectional suffixes in Indo-European languages, but is non-inflectional and lexical in nature, lying thus at the semantics–syntax interface. This provides us with the opportunity to compare directly the syntactic and semantic constraints during second language (L2) sentence processing. The present study explored how L2 Chinese learners with Indo-European languages as their first languages (L1s) process the Chinese perfective marker. The Competition Model prioritizes syntactic processes entailed by cross-linguistic transfer from the participants’ L1s, but this prediction might be challenged by the concurrent functioning of semantic processes. In an event-related potentials (ERP) experiment, 22 European language-speaking L2 Chinese learners with low to intermediate proficiency level and 20 native Chinese speakers (i.e. the control group) participated. An aspectual agreement paradigm was used for materials. Results showed that in the aspect marker mismatch condition, L2 Chinese learners with a shorter learning experience were more likely to show a P600-like component, indicating a morpho-syntactic routine, supporting thus the predictions of cross-linguistic transfer based on the Competition Model. Those with a longer L2 learning experience were more likely to show a N400-like component similar to native Chinese speakers. This shift from P600 to N400 for more advanced learners suggest that L1–L2 syntactic similarity may exert much stronger influence than semantic constraints for learners with shorter L2 experience.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study of Spanish Learners’ Language Transference in Pronouncing Chinese Vowels

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Native Chinese Speakers ◽  
The Impact

<p align="LEFT">Based on the vowel pattern, an experiment</p><p align="LEFT">is designed to summarize and compare the</p><p align="LEFT">Chinese vowel pattern articulated by Spanish</p><p align="LEFT">students whose first foreign language is English</p><p align="LEFT">and second foreign language is Chinese, and the</p><p align="LEFT">native Chinese speakers. The aim of this study is</p><p align="LEFT">to investigate the transference of mother</p><p align="LEFT">tongue and the first foreign language in the</p><p align="LEFT">learning of a second foreign language. It is</p><p align="LEFT">found that the mother tongue and the first</p><p align="LEFT">foreign language both have the impact on</p><p align="LEFT">transferring the vowel pronunciation to the</p><p align="LEFT">second foreign language. The conditions of</p><p align="LEFT">interference of mother tongue are relatively</p><p align="LEFT">stricter. Compared with the transference of</p><p align="LEFT">mother tongue, the transference condition of</p><p align="LEFT">the first foreign language is stricter. The</p><p align="LEFT">construction of vowel pattern in interlanguage</p><p>is in accordance with the internal law of</p><p>children’s acquisition of mother tongue.</p>

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