14. ELF, adaptive variability and virtual language

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Leonidovna Voropaeva ◽  
Elizaveta L'vovna Liberman

In the Lower Irtysh basin there is rich diversity of the fish population, bream Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the representatives. Having been introduced into the Ob’-Irtysh basin more than 100 years ago, it dispersed in most reservoirs due to its wide adaptive variability and high fecundity. In the process of fish introduction, the new types of parasites replenish the parasitic communities of water bodies. As a result of studying bream parasitic fauna after its distribution there has been stated a decrease in parasite species composition, in comparison with its maternal habitat. Studies conducted in 2017-2018 allowed to fund out infectiousness of bream with four types of monogeneans: Gyrodactylus elegans , Dactylogyrus falcatus , D. wunderi , D. zandti . There has been recorded 100% extensiveness of invasion by dactylogyruses. Extensiveness of invasion by G.elegans in 2017 amounted to 100%, in 2018 - 74.2%. The abundance index of G.elegans in 2018 decreased in comparison with 2017 and amounted to 55.9 and 83.4 specimens, respectively. Abundance index of Dactylogyrus spp. decreased in 2018 and amounted to 27.9 specimens, compared to 2017 when there were registered 55.9 specimens. In 2017, the examined bream individuals showed a total predominance of gyrodactyluses over dactylogyruses, whereas in 2018 the number of Dactylogyrus spp was higher than of G. elegans . The of infectiousness of bream was first established after its distribution in the Ob’-Irtysh basin, when it was infected by the specific monogenean - Dactylogyrus falcatus (Wedl, 1857).


Author(s):  
Е.Н. Наквасина ◽  
Н.А. Прожерина ◽  
Н.А. Демина

Географические культуры позволяют изучать реакцию потомства на условия произрастания в системе «генотип-среда», что является одним из важнейших в селекции происхождений и служит основой для регламентации перебросок се- мян для лесовосстановления. Проведена оценка адаптационной изменчивости 22 потомств ели, представленных елью европейской, сибирской и формами их интрогрессивных гибридов, исходные насаждения которых произрастают на территории Восточно-европейской равнины от северной подзоны тайги до зоны смешанных лесов. Все климатипы выращиваются в географических культурах Ев- ропейского Севера России (Архангельская, Вологодская области и Республика Коми), созданных по единой методике 1977 г. Показатели сохранности и роста (диаметр, высота) выражали в единицах стандартного отклонения и распределяли на 4 группы: группа I – (ниже –0,5); группа II – (–0,5–0); группа III – (0 – +0,5); группа IV – (выше +0,5). Выделены климатипы, отличающиеся лучшими сохранностью, высотой и диаметром. По комплексу трех показателей в группы III и IV – лучшие по адаптационной изменчивости – входят представители двух видов ели и их гибридных форм. Они представлены происхождениями из средней и южной подзон тайги и зоны смешанных лесов. К ним относятся корткеросский и сосногорский климатипы ели сибирской (№ 25, 26) и потомство ели европей- ской из Ленинградской области (тосненский климатип – № 5). На основании комплексной оценки адаптационной изменчивости ели на территории Восточно- европейской равнины выделены две обособленные территории лучших по производственным показателям происхождений, связанных с видами ели, что необходимо учитывать при селекционных работах. Provenance tests allow to study the tree offspring reaction to the growth conditions in the «genotype-environment» system. This is the very important for forest selection and serves as a basis for regulating of seeds transfer for reforestation. The adaptation variability of 22 spruce provenances represented by Norway and Siberian spruce and the forms of their introgressive hybrids was evaluated. Spruce origins grow on the territory of the East European Plain from the subzone of the northern taiga to the zone of mixed forests. All provenances are grown in the provenance tests in the European North of Russia (Arkhangelsk region, Vologda region and Komi Republic) were planted according to a uniform methodology in 1977. The parameters of survival and growth (diameter, height) were expressed in units of standard deviation and divided into 4 groups: group I – (below –0,5); Group II – (–0,5–0); Group III – (0–+0,5); Group IV – (above +0,5). Provenances with the best survival, height and diameter are distinguished. Groups III and IV are the best in adaptive variability by the complex of three studied parameters and include two species of spruce and their hybrid forms. They are represented by origins from the middle and southern subzones of the taiga and the zone of mixed forests. These include the Siberian spruce origins from Kortkeros and Sosnogorsk (No 25, 26) and the Norway spruce origin from the Leningrad region (Tosno provenance No 5). Two isolated areas of the best for production indicators of provenances associated with spruce species on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the adaptive variability of spruce in the East European Plain were identified. This should be taken into account in the forest breeding operations.


Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1572
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Nardo ◽  
Susanna Spinsante ◽  
Chiara Pagliuca ◽  
Angelica Poli ◽  
Annachiara Strazza ◽  
...  

Adaptive variability during walking is typical of child motor development. It has been reported that neurological disorders could affect this physiological phenomenon. The present work is designed to assess the adaptive variability of muscular recruitment during hemiplegic walking and to detect possible changes compared to control populations. In the attempt of limiting the complexity of computational procedure, the easy-to-measure coefficient of variation (CV) index is adopted to assess surface electromyography (sEMG) variability. The target population includes 34 Winters’ type I and II hemiplegic children (H-group). Two further healthy populations, 34 age-matched children (C-group) and 34 young adults (A-group), are involved as controls. Results show a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of mean CV for gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) in H-group compared to both C-group (15% reduction) and A-group (35% reduction). Reductions of mean CV are detected also for tibialis anterior (TA) in H-group compared to C-group (7% reduction, p > 0.05) and A-group (15% reduction, p < 0.05). Lower CVs indicate a decreased intra-subject variability of ankle-muscle activity compared to controls. Novel contribution of the study is twofold: (1) To propose a CV-based approach for an easy-to-compute assessment of sEMG variability in hemiplegic children, useful in different experimental environments and different clinical purposes; (2) to provide a quantitative assessment of the reduction of intra-subject variability of ankle-muscle activity in mild-hemiplegic children compared to controls (children and adults), suggesting that hemiplegic children present a limited capability of adapting their muscle recruitment to the different stimuli met during walking task. This finding could be very useful in deepening the knowledge of this neurological disorder.


Antiquity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (328) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morgan ◽  
Loukas Barton ◽  
Robert Bettinger ◽  
Fahu Chen ◽  
Zhang Dongju

Intensive research on China's Western Loess Plateau has located 63 Palaeolithic deposits, which together allow the authors to present a general model of hominin occupation from 80 000 to 18 000 years ago. Tools, subsistence and settlement correlate nicely with the climate: the warm wet MIS3 seeing expansion and more organised acquisition of quartz, and the Late Glacial Maximum that followed, a reduction in human presence but possibly an increase in ingenuity.


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