Groups of Companies in Italian Law

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Spada
Keyword(s):  
Italian Law

The Italian way to prevent groundwater contamination risk

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Civita ◽  
M. De Maio ◽  
A. Fiorucci
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
National Council ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Special Project ◽  
Set Up

In the early 1980's the Italian scientific community, together with a number of institutional decision-makers, realized how urgent it was to protect natural and environmental resources. They agreed that an adequate level of scientifically organized knowledge allows the accurate planning and development of environmental systems through management and direction of the actual development process, without hindering it. Since the special project was first set up in 1984, as part of the GNDCI-CNR (National Group for the Defence against Hydrogeologic Disasters, of the Italian National Council of Research) scientific context, it has been the cardinal point of Research Line 4 “Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability”. The problem of groundwater contamination was examined in this project for the very first time in Italy in an organic and extensive manner as a key for forecasting and prevention purposes. The Italian approaches to assessing and mapping groundwater vulnerability to contamination are essentially based on two main methodologies:- The GNDCI Basic Method a HCS (Hazard Contamination Source) type approach that can be used for any type of Italian hydrogeologic situation, even where there is a limited amount of data. A unified legend and symbols are also defined for each hydrogeologic level.- The SINTACS [Soggiacenza (depth to groundwater); Infiltrazione (effective infiltration); Non saturo (unsaturated zone attenuation capacity); Tipologia della copertura (soil/overburden attenuation capacity); Acquifero (saturated zone characteristics); Conducibilità (hydraulic conductivity); Superficie topografica (Slope)] method, a PCSM (Point Count System Model) developed for use prevalently in areas with good data base coverage. The methodological approaches described in this paper now make up the Italian standard which has been set in the recent very important Italian Law (152/99) and which has now been ratified in the national guidelines produced by ANPA, the Italian National Agency for Environment Protection. In this paper the structure of the Research Line, the progress obtained by the 21 Research units (over 100 researchers) in 20 years of activity, the results gained etc. are briefly highlighted.

Head trauma in young recreational sledders: helmets are not compulsory in Italian law (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Barbieri ◽  
Elisa Bertoldi ◽  
Giulia Maria Cillo ◽  
Rosa Maria Gaudio ◽  
Rossella Snenghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Mountain Biking ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Winter Sports ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Almost All

BACKGROUND Helmet use is now viewed as an essential safety measure in almost all sports involving a high risk of impact and head trauma, from horseback riding to mountain biking, rock climbing and winter sports such as skiing and snowboarding. For young skiers and snowboarders under the age of 14, the use of certified helmets is compulsory in Italian law, although no defined regulations exist for recreational sledding OBJECTIVE To review past and current regulations covering winter sports, to explore potential legal discrepancies in appraising factors related to helmet use in recreational activities by children under the age of 14, and to identify hazards connected with various types of sledding accidents METHODS Descriptive data of the cases of 16-year-old or younger adolescents injured while sledding without helmets were gathered from injury reports collected by ski patrols, pre-hospital emergency services and emergency departments, and compared with 53 cases of adolescents and children who went skiing and snowboarding wearing certified helmets, over two winter seasons (December to April, 2011-12 and 2012-13). Sledges were grouped into three categories:1) traditional wooden toboggans (hereafter called ‘traditional sleds’); 2) plastic sleds; 3) newly designed sleds (with inner tubes, plastic and hard foam sleds, snowskates, boardslides, runslides, snowblades, foam slides, etc.) RESULTS Descriptive data of the cases of 16-year-old or younger adolescents injured while sledding without helmets were gathered from injury reports collected by ski patrols, pre-hospital emergency services and emergency departments, and compared with 53 cases of adolescents and children who went skiing and snowboarding wearing certified helmets, over two winter seasons (December to April, 2011-12 and 2012-13). Sledges were grouped into three categories:1) traditional wooden toboggans (hereafter called ‘traditional sleds’); 2) plastic sleds; 3) newly designed sleds (with inner tubes, plastic and hard foam sleds, snowskates, boardslides, runslides, snowblades, foam slides, etc.) CONCLUSIONS Additional investigation of the actual dynamics of the accident, together with information on the sitting position and sled speed are required. Regulations should compel ski slope operators to improve the current level of control on sledding slopes.

scholarly journals Geochemical, Geological and Groundwater Quality Characterization of a Complex Geological Framework: The Case Study of the Coreca Area (Calabria, South Italy)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Giovanni Vespasiano ◽  
Francesco Muto ◽  
Carmine Apollaro
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
General Point ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Italian Law

Hydrogeochemical characterization and statistical methods were used to investigate the groundwater quality and the origin of constituents (anthropic or natural) in groundwater of the Coreca area (Calabria, South Italy). Coreca is characterized by an articulated geological setting where the three main geological complexes that distinguish the Northern Calabria Peloritan Orogen (CPO) outcrop. This complex asset affects the quality of groundwater mainly exploited for irrigation use. In particular, the presence of ultramafic rocks (e.g., serpentinite and metabasite) promotes the release of harmful elements such as Cr and Ni. In the studied area, two groups of waters were identified: Ca-HCO3 waters strongly controlled by the interaction with Ca-rich phases (e.g., limestone), and Mg-HCO3 waters related to the interaction of meteoric water with the metamorphic units. Statistical elaboration allowed to detect, in the Mg-HCO3 group, a good correlation between Cr and Ni (not observed in Ca waters) and a negative correlation between Cr, Ca and Al, in agreement with direct interaction with ultramafic rocks characterized by low concentrations of CaO and Al2O3. The concentration of major and trace elements has been compared with the Italian law limit values and the drinking water guidelines provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Only three samples showed Mn and Ni concentration higher than the Italian law threshold. Furthermore, the assessment of groundwater quality was carried out using salinity and metal indexes. The groundwater quality assessment for irrigation allowed to classify the resource as “excellent to good” and “good to permissible”; nevertheless, a salinity problem and a magnesium hazard were found. Lastly, a metal index (MI) calculation revealed values <1 for almost all samples, pointing to good overall quality. Only a few samples showed a value extremely higher than 1, attributable to prolonged interaction with ultramafic rocks and/or localized anthropogenic pollution. From a general point of view, groundwater showed a generally good quality except for limited areas (and limited to the set of constituents analyzed) and a mild exceedance of the maximum salinity thresholds that must be monitored over time. Through a multidisciplinary approach, it was possible to ascertain the main anomalies attributable to the interaction with the hosting rocks and not (with few exceptions) to anthropic processes.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Minero-Chemical Analysis of Biomass Ashes: A Key to Evaluating Their Dangers vs. Benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6052
Author(s):  
Paola Comodi ◽  
Azzurra Zucchini ◽  
Umberto Susta ◽  
Costanza Cambi ◽  
Riccardo Vivani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Amorphous Content ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
The One

A multi-methodic analysis was performed on five samples of fly ashes coming from different biomasses. The aim of the study was to evaluate their possible re-use and their dangerousness to people and the environment. Optical granulometric analyses indicated that the average diameter of the studied fly ashes was around 20 µm, whereas only ~1 vol% had diameters lower that 2.5 µm. The chemical composition, investigated with electron probe microanalysis, indicated that all the samples had a composition in which Ca was prevalent, followed by Si and Al. Large contents of K and P were observed in some samples, whereas the amount of potentially toxic elements was always below the Italian law thresholds. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were completely absent in all the samples coming from combustion plants, whereas they were present in the fly ashes from the gasification center. Quantitative mineralogical content, determined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data, indicated that all the samples had high amorphous content, likely enriched in Ca, and several K and P minerals, such as sylvite and apatite. The results obtained from the chemo-mineralogical study performed make it possible to point out that biomass fly ashes could be interesting materials (1) for amendments in clayey soils, as a substitution for lime, to stimulate pozzolanic reactions and improve their geotechnical properties, thus, on the one hand, avoiding the need to mine raw materials and, on the other hand, re-cycling waste; and (2) as agricultural fertilizers made by a new and ecological source of K and P.

Food “buycott” as an ethical choice against mafia in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Rivaroli ◽  
Arianna Ruggeri ◽  
Roberta Spadoni
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Marketing Ethics ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Critical Choice

Purpose As indicated in the Italian law (No. 109-1996), agri-food co-operatives can also play a role in combatting mafia-type systems by choosing to grow their food products in lands confiscated from mafia-type organisations. These food products provide individuals with a new opportunity to fight criminal organisations on the marketplace. The purpose of this study is to explore how people react to a social marketing initiative devoted to promoting food “buycotting” to counteract mafia-type organisations in Italy. Design/methodology/approach The data were obtained from a convenience sample of 339 Italians, and the study adopted a model inspired by the general theory of marketing ethics. A structural equation model was applied to estimate both the parameter and coefficient functions. Findings Individuals recognise the ethical value of “buycotting”. However, they perceive this form of critical choice as not yet being fully effective in counteracting mafia-type systems in Italy. Practical implications The results suggest that promotional and psychological approaches from marketing literature can be effectively used to influence the consumer’s ethical judgement by selectively communicating and emphasising the benefits of the critical consumption investigated. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to address consumers’ ethical judgments and their reactions towards buycotting food as a critical choice to reward socially responsible corporations.

Riforma psichiatrica e psicoterapia sistemica. Continuitŕ, sviluppi, problemi aperti

PSICOBIETTIVO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Luigi Onnis
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Mental Health Workers ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Psychiatric Reform ◽  
The Public ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Systemic Psychotherapy

- The Author, in this paper, first of all reconstructs the essential historical phases of the theoretical and practical renewal process which preceded and accompanied the 180 law approval, that established the psychiatric hospitals closing. He then describes the Italian psychiatric reform characteristics, underlining how it produces the emerging of needs of new interpretation and intervention methods about psychic sufference: in this perspective psychotherapy has a crucial role and the italian law in psychotherapeutic training regulation is a further support. Particularly systemic psychotherapy proposes common basic principles with regard to the psychiatric reform and can represent an useful instrument for developping innovative concepts and practices. Finally the Authors put critically in evidence the problems still unresolved, not only concerning the need of a full application of the reform law, with the creation of territorial services and structures where they are still lacking or insufficient, but, over all, promoting the diffusion into the public services of a psychotherapeutic culture and practice.Key Words: Italian Psychiatric Reform, Law 180, Systemic Psychotherapy, Psychotherapeutic Culture, Public Services, Mental Health Workers Formation.Parole chiave: riforma psichiatrica italiana, legge 180, psicoterapia sistemica, cultura psicoterapeutica, servizi pubblici, formazione degli operatori.

‘Employment suitable for capabilities’

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-252
Author(s):  
Michele Sammicheli ◽  
Marcella Scaglione
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Job Retention ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

The authors1 trace the evolution of the social security concept of capability for work in ‘employment suitable for skills’. This principle emerged at the end of the 1930s during the Fascist period, and it is the foundation for the current Italian law (no. 222 of 1984) relating to social security insured sickness. Having described the concept and its historical evolution, they highlight the developments that have had to take place in the last decade, due to changes in working conditions and the growing economic crisis that has affected all of Europe. They then analyse three cases to confirm that the recent economic crisis in the Italian and European labour markets has had an impact on the medical-legal assessment of a work activity as suitable for the capabilities. A careful examination of the relationship between sickness, disability and capacity for work in other EU and non-EU countries is undertaken to highlight the delicate social and medical issues surrounding job retention and the return of disabled persons to work.

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