scholarly journals The Differencies in Adult and Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
P Vasekova ◽  
L Plank
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) represent very heterogenous group of clonal stem cell bone marrow disorders with ineffective haematopoesis leading to cytopenias in peripheral blood and increased risk of blastic transformation and evolution of acute myeloid leukemia. MDS is a disease of older age mostly, in children it seems to be very rare. There are several significant morphological, cytogenetic and prognostic differencies of the disease in adults and in children. Adult MDS patients most commonly manifest with symptoms of anemia, bleeding and infection are uncommon. In childhood, MDS manifests predominantly by neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. In addition, some pediatric MDS patients present also with constitutional disease’s signs and symptoms. Early and correct diagnosis in both age groups is essential for the choice of appropriate therapy and also for next life of patients. However, the diagnosis of MDS is challenging, complex and requiring close correlation of clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters and standardized examination of BM biopsies. The authors present an overview focused on biology of MDS in adults and children, on the differences in the incidence, clinical presentation and treatment. They summarize the possibilities and limits of histopathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease in different age groups. A major problem in the morphological diagnosis of MDS remains the determination, whether the myelodysplasia is due to clonal disorder. It might result also from some other factors, as significant dysplasia can also occur in reactive conditions, and vice versa, only discrete dysplasia is sometimes observed in MDS patients. Although histomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis of BM biopsy is invasive and time-consuming examination, it has its value in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effect.

Differential diagnosis between ventriculitis and fourth ventricle cyst in neurocysticercosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abelardo Salazar ◽  
Julio Sotelo ◽  
Hector Martinez ◽  
Francisco Escobedo
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Large Cyst ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surgical Exploration ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radiological Procedures

✓ The fourth ventricle is frequently affected in patients with cysticercosis of the central nervous system, due either to a large cyst occluding the cavity or to granular ependymitis (ventriculitis) as a consequence of diffuse inflammation within the intraventricular and subarachnoid spaces. In some cases, the differential diagnosis between these two forms of neurocysticercosis is difficult to make, even after special radiological procedures. It is important to establish the correct diagnosis, since a surgical approach is beneficial only when the fourth ventricle is obstructed by a large cyst. In this paper, the clinical differences between fourth ventricle cysts and ventriculitis are presented in 16 patients with neurocysticercosis who were subjected to surgical exploration of the posterior fossa. Patients with a large cyst occluding the fourth ventricle had a short evolution of signs and symptoms, Bruns' syndrome, and discrete or no inflammatory reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with ventriculitis generally had a longer duration of signs and symptoms, Parinaud's syndrome, a consistently positive complement fixation test to cysticerci, and more cells and proteins in the CSF. The clinical picture and ancillary studies can give the precise diagnosis in most patients before surgical exploration is performed.

scholarly journals Pulmonary lesions in visceral toxocariasis in children in the phthisiatric practice (clinical case)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
O.M. Raznatovska ◽  
Yu.V. Mironchuk
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Pediatric Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Tests

Background. The clinical and radiological picture of pulmonary tuberculosis has many common features with a large number of diseases. Therefore, differential diagnosis is very important when detecting tuberculosis. The purpose of the work: on the example of a clinical case to present the complexity of the differential diagnosis between pulmonary lesion in visceral toxocariasis and tuberculosis in children. Results. The child was diagnosed with an infiltrate in the third segment of the left lung with lesions of the intrathoracic lymph nodes, which is characteristic of the primary tuberculosis. The volatility of the infiltrate was not determined. All general blood test hadn’t shown an increase in eosinophils and white blood cells. According to the literature data, the appearance of persistent and prolonged eosinophilia with the development of eosinophilic leukemoid reactions of the blood, an increase in the level of leukocytes are the main and one of the constant manifestations of toxocariasis. The child was diagnosed with moderate hepatomegaly, which is cha­racteristic for both diseases. The patient was registered at a pediatric tuberculosis clinic due to a shift in tuberculin tests. At the time of hospitalization, there were not reasons to suspect visceral toxocariasis. Due to the examination data, first of all the absence of bacterial excretion and negative tuberculin tests, and the pre­sence in the child’s house of the dogs and cats, it was decided to recommend the consultation of the infectionist to exclude any parasitic disease. At the end, the correct diagnosis was established in this child at time and the necessary treatment was prescribed. Conclusions. This clinical case demonstrates the difficulties of differential diagnosis of visceral toxocariasis in lung lesion and tuberculosis. First of all, this is due to the asymptomatic clinical picture of toxocariasis, the diagnosis of which was established by X-ray data, blood test for IgG antibodies to Toxocara and epidemiological history. Given the fact that toxocariasis includes a large spectrum of masks of various diseases, and children who are infected by Toxocara do not have specific clinical symptoms, doctors should remember to prescribe the additional examination for the presence of parasitic diseases, including toxocariasis, especially if pets live in the child’s home.

scholarly journals Helminths in South Africa: management of cestode and trematode infections in humans

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
RL van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Sub-Saharan Africa has to contend with many challenges, including inadequate healthcare systems, lack of optimal sanitation, and clean water and food. All of these contribute to malnutrition and an increased risk of infections, including parasitism by cestodes and trematodes. Schistosomiasis is a category-2 notifiable trematode (fluke) infection, whereas cestode (tapeworm) infections need not be reported to the South African Department of Health. Epidemiological data for helminthiasis in South Africa is scant, with a paucity of publications on the South African scenario. As such, a complete picture of the impact of helminth infections on all age groups in South Africa does not exist. These parasitic diseases not only have an impact on socio economic development of a country, community and families, but also contribute to the chronic and detrimental effects on the health and nutritional status of the host, including the impaired development of children. In order to break the cycle of poverty and disease, a strong education drive is required in schools and communities to provide effective strategies and guidelines on preventative measures that result in avoidance of exposure to infective stages of Schistosoma and Taenia tapeworms. Also, it is imperative that healthcare professionals are able to recognise the signs and symptoms, so that interventions can be promptly initiated. The current anthelmintic treatments available in South Africa are effective against cestodes and trematodes, with no drug resistance having being reported. The need for compliancy when taking anthelmintic drugs must be emphasised.

scholarly journals Gastric Angiolipoma: A Rare Entity

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jun Liu ◽  
Dipti M. Karamchandani
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Gastric Neoplasms ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Accurate Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Ancillary Studies

Angiolipoma is a benign tumor composed of adipose tissue and proliferating blood vessels that is commonly found in the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk and extremities. Gastric angiolipoma is a rare entity, and to the best of our knowledge, only 4 cases have been reported in the English-language literature thus far. These tumors may present as gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia or with obstructive symptoms. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is challenging because of nonspecific clinical symptoms and lack of specific findings on imaging studies. The correct diagnosis is usually made by histopathologic examination. The clinical significance lies in being aware of this rare entity in the stomach and distinguishing it from other benign and malignant gastric neoplasms that may be in the differential diagnosis. We herein discuss the clinical presentation, radiologic and histopathologic features, ancillary studies, differential diagnosis, and treatment and prognosis of this rare entity.

scholarly journals When to worry about inherited bone marrow failure and myeloid malignancy predisposition syndromes in the setting of a hypocellular marrow

Hematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Anupama Narla
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Myeloid Malignancy ◽  
Phenotypic Spectrum

Abstract With our increasing understanding of inherited marrow failure and myeloid malignancy predisposition syndromes, it has become clear that there is a wide phenotypic spectrum and that these diseases must be considered in the differential diagnosis of both children and adults with unexplained defects in hematopoiesis. Moreover, these conditions are not as rare as previously believed and may present as aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or malignancy over a range of ages. Establishing the correct diagnosis is essential because it has implications for treatment, medical management, cancer screening, and family planning. Our goal is to highlight insights into the pathophysiology of these diseases, review cryptic presentations of these syndromes, and provide useful references for the practicing hematologist.

scholarly journals Giant paraovarian cyst in an adolescent: a challenge of accurate diagnostic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Anca Stefanopol ◽  
Dumitru Marius Danila ◽  
Georgiana Bianca Constantin ◽  
Liliana Baroiu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Pelvic Mass ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Abdominal Masses ◽  
Paraovarian Cyst

Abstract BackgroundParaovarian cysts (POCs) are rarely seen among pediatric female patients. The diagnosis still represents a challenge. Giant POCs are exceedingly rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature.Case presentationA 17-year-old girl from the rural area presented with abdominal pain, pollakiuria and a giant abdomino-pelvic mass. Ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a 14cm x 24cm x 30cm anechoic unilocular cyst which raised the suspicion of a mesenteric or ovarian cyst. The correct diagnosis of left POC was established intraoperatory. Cystectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was serous cystadenoma.DiscussionsPOCs become symptomatic when reach large sizes or complicate, the most feared complication being ovary torsion. Imagistic investigations can establish the diagnosis of cyst, but the cyst’s origin often remains an intraoperatory discovery. Surgical excision is necessary to decrease the risk of complications, and adnexal preservation is essential in pediatric patients. Even for pediatric female patients POC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic abdominal masses.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain: Psychological impact is greatest on younger and vulnerable children.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Matalí-Costa ◽  
Ester Camprodon-Rosanas
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract In 2020, quarantine home confinement measures were implemented in Spain to control a pandemic for the first time. The objective of this study is to assess both the psychological and social impact of that “lockdown” on different age groups of children and adolescents, and also the different strategies adopted by families in that situation. We collected data via an online questionnaire answered by 850 participants, parents of young people aged between 4 and 18, between 24th April and 8th May 2020. Our results show that living in a home smaller than 80 m2 is associated with an increased risk of presenting clinical symptoms of emotional or behavioural distress, with an odds ratio of 2.54 (95%CI: 1.07 - 6.02), p = 0.034; while increased age is a predictor of better psychological functioning during lockdown: coefficient of 0.25 (95%CI: 0.07 - 0.41), p = 0.004. Moreover, age is also a marker of higher scores on the scale of psychological symptoms, with a coefficient of 0.02 (95%CI: 0.01 - 0.04), p = 0.005. To conclude, younger children present poorer behavioural and emotional functioning and more symptoms of emotional distress than adolescents during lockdown. Living in a small home is a risk factor for presenting clinical symptoms. These findings should be taken into consideration when planning for future home confinement episodes and when considering preventative strategies in the realm of mental healthcare.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD99 and PAX8 in a Series of 15 Molecularly Confirmed Cases of Ewing Sarcoma

Sarcoma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
LM. Chinchilla-Tábora ◽  
J. Ortiz Rodríguez-Parets ◽  
I. González Morais ◽  
J. M. Sayagués ◽  
M. D. Ludeña de la Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Fusion Transcript ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Ewing sarcomas are an uncommon group of malignant neoplasms. A multidisciplinary approach is highly recommended to reach a correct diagnosis, considering the clinical, radiological, and histopathological aspects. Since in up to 90% of cases, the translocation t (11; 22) (q24; q12) occurs resulting in a chimeric fusion transcript EWSR1-FLI-1. The pathologist has several tools in addition to conventional techniques (hematoxylin and eosin), such as immunohistochemistry, which plays a very important role in the differential diagnosis. We present a series of 15 cases of molecularly confirmed ES, in which we found a sensitivity of 100% for CD99 and 80% for PAX8 by immunohistochemistry. This indicates a high sensitivity; however, it is known that both CD99 and PAX8 are also expressed in other tumours. Therefore, molecular confirmation should be performed in all cases.

scholarly journals The Tired Pregnant Woman

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-498
Author(s):  
Katie VanNatta ◽  
Nicole Yuzuk ◽  
David Trotter ◽  
Brandon Wisinski
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Intermittent Bleeding

Introduction: Many pregnant women develop hyperemesis gravidarum. There are numerous gastrointestinal, genitourinary, neurologic, and metabolic causes to consider in this patient population. Case Presentation: This clinicopathological case presentation details the initial assessment and management of an 18-year-old pregnant patient who presented to the emergency department with a complaint of nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and intermittent bleeding. Discussion: This case takes the reader through the differential diagnosis and evaluation of the patient and the signs and symptoms, including her agitation and tachycardia, that led us to the correct diagnosis.

scholarly journals Impact of clinical and personal data in the dermoscopic differentiation between early melanoma and atypical nevi

2018 ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Tognetti ◽  
Elisa Cinotti ◽  
Elvira Moscarella ◽  
Francesca Farnetani ◽  
Josep Malvehy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Statistical Weight ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Discriminant Power ◽  
Atypical Nevi ◽  
F Statistics

Background: Differential diagnosis of clinically atypical nevi (aN) and early melanomas (eMM) still represents a challenge even for experienced dermoscopists, as dermoscopy alone is not sufficient to adequately differentiate these equivocal melanocytic skin lesions (MSLs). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate what were the most relevant parameters for noninvasive differential diagnosis between eMM and aN among clinical, personal, and dermoscopic data and to evaluate their impact as risk factors for malignancy. Methods: This was a retrospective study performed on 450 MSLs excised from 2014 to 2016 with a suspicion of malignancy. Dermoscopic standardized images of the 450 MSLs (300 aN and 150 eMM) were collected and evaluated. Patients’ personal data (ie, age, gender, body site, maximum diameter) were also recorded. Dermoscopic evaluations were performed by 5 different experts in dermoscopy blinded to histopathological diagnosis. Fleiss’ κ was calculated to measure concordance level between experts in the description of dermoscopic parameters for each MSL. The power of the studied variables in discriminating malignant from benign lesions was also investigated through F-statistics. Results: The variables age and maximum diameter supplied the highest discriminant power (F = 253 and 227, respectively). Atypical network, blue white veil and white shiny streaks were the most significant dermoscopic patterns suggestive of malignancy (F = 110, 104 and 99.5, respectively). Shiny white streaks was the only dermoscopic parameter to obtain satisfactory concordance value. Gender was not a discriminant factor. The specific statistical weight of clinical and personal data (ie, “patient’s age” and “lesion diameter”) surpassed those of atypical dermoscopic features. Conclusions: The objective clinical and personal data collected here could supply a fundamental contribution in the correct diagnosis of equivocal MSLs and should be included in diagnostic algorithms along with significant dermoscopic features (ie, atypical network, blue-white veil, and shiny white streaks)

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