scholarly journals Intrinsic Markers Reveal Breeding Origin and Geographically-Structured Migration Timing of Two Songbird Species at a Coastal Stopover Site

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Smetzer ◽  
David I. King
Keyword(s):  
Wing Length ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Strong Connectivity ◽  
Vireo Olivaceus ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
Capture Site ◽  
Length Data

AbstractWe used stable hydrogen isotope markers to identify geographic provenance of Blackpoll Warblers (Setophaga striata) and Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus) passing through a coastal stopover area in the Gulf of Maine on fall migration, and supplemented δ2 H signatures from feathers with wing length data as an additional proxy for migration origin, since geographic size variation has been documented for this species. We captured migrant blackpolls with putative origins from as close as the Adirondacks, New Brunswick, and northwestern Maine, and potentially as far as Alaska. We captured vireos with putative origins from as close as Maine and Nova Scotia, and potentially as far as British Columbia and Alberta. We found a significant relationship between blackpoll wing length and capture date indicating that birds with longer wings– and thus likely from more western and northern breeding regions – passed through the capture site earlier in the season than more local breeders. In contrast, vireos from more distant breeding latitudes passed through the capture site later in the season. These results demonstrate that mid-coast Maine serves as a catchment area for both Blackpoll Warblers, and Red-eyed Vireos, and provides some evidence that connectivity between breeding areas and stopover sites may be strong for blackpolls; however, additional study linking breeding and stopover sites across the migratory range of both species is necessary to understand more fully how strong connectivity is between breeding and stopover areas for these species.

scholarly journals Sex and age dependent migration phenology of the Pied Flycatcher in a stopover site in the Carpathian Basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Harnos ◽  
Zsolt Lang ◽  
Péter Fehérvári ◽  
Tibor Csörgő
Keyword(s):  
Wing Length ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Phenological Changes ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Migration Phenology ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Abstract Very little is known about Pied Flycatchers crossing the Carpathian Basin. We give a comprehensive picture about its migration based on the data collected during the past 26 years (1989–2014) at a stopover site in Hungary: (1) sex and age related phenological changes over the years, (2) sex, age and size dependent migration patterns during and (3) between migration periods, (4) sex and age composition in spring and in autumn and their change over years. The timing of spring migration shifted to earlier dates in the case of males, while that of females did not change implying an increasing rate of protandry. In autumn the timing did not change, but juveniles leave the area earlier than adults. The average wing length increased during the past decades in spring in the case of both sexes. In autumn, wing length did not change significantly during the years, but it increased during the seasons in all age and gender groups. The proportion of males is about 60% in spring and among juveniles in autumn, and it is around 39% in the adult group in autumn. The male ratio diminishes during spring, but it does not change during the autumn season. The average wing of adults is shorter in spring than in autumn. Based on this fact and the different sex ratios in the two seasons we may hypothesize that Pied Flycatchers are loop migrants on this area, and even the sexes of the same population take different routes.

scholarly journals Increased Stopover Duration and Low Body Condition of the Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) at an Autumn Stopover Site

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2208
Author(s):  
Bernice Goffin ◽  
Marcial Felgueiras ◽  
Anouschka R. Hof
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Ficedula Hypoleuca ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Stopover Duration ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
Over Time

Many long-distance migratory bird species are in decline, of which environmental changes, such as climate change and land-use changes, are thought to be important drivers. The effects of environmental change on the migration of these birds have often been studied during spring migration. Fewer studies have explored the impacts of environmental change on autumn migration, especially at stopover sites. However, stopover sites are important, as the quality of these sites is expected to change over time. We investigated impacts of local environmental conditions on the migration strategy and body condition of the Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) at an autumn migration stopover site using long-term ringing data (1996–2018) and local environmental conditions. We found that although the arrival and departure dates of birds at the stopover site remained unchanged, the body condition (fat score) of the individuals caught decreased, and the stopover duration increased. This suggests that conditions at the stopover site during the autumn migration period have deteriorated over time. This study emphasizes the importance of suitable stopover sites for migratory birds and stresses that changes in environmental conditions during the autumn migration period may be contributing to the current decline in long-distance migratory passerines.

scholarly journals Philopatry to Stopover Site and Body Condition of Transient Reed Warblers During Autumn Migration Through Israel

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobi Merom ◽  
Yoram Yom-Tov ◽  
Robin McClery
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sahara Desert ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Acrocephalus Scirpaceus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Mass Increase

Abstract Philopatry to stopover site and changes in body condition of migrating Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus were studied in Bet Shean Valley, Israel, where warblers were netted throughout the year. Although the majority of birds were seen only once, the proportion of transients seen twice or more in different years is comparable to the figure for summer residents returning between years, indicating a high degree of philopatry among transients. Transients get heavier with longer duration of stay, up to about 15 days, after which body mass increase appears to level off at about 3 g. Change in body condition, taken to be body mass divided by wing length, also was noted, albeit of less significance. The mean date of arrival in the autumn of birds in their first year was about 20 days later than that of older birds. Reed Warblers use their time effectively to replenish their body mass and improve their condition before starting the dangerous crossing of the Sahara Desert.

scholarly journals Autumn Migration Of The Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia Luscinia) In Northern Hungary

Ring ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Kováts
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Migration Strategies ◽  
Median Date ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Thrush Nightingale

Abstract Kováts D. 2012. Autumn migration of the Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) in northernHungary. Ring 34: 23-36. The autumn migration of the Thrush Nightingale was studied in Szalonna in northern Hungary in 1989-2010. Birds were mist-netted, ringed, aged, measured, weighed and fat scored. In total, 193 Thrush Nightingales were ringed during 22 years. Relations between arrival time and biometrical measurements were determined. Within the study period (6 August - 26 September) the migration curve was bimodal showing maximum on 22 August and 27 August. Immature birds arrived significantly earlier with lower body mass and shorter wing length and had more pointed wings in the first half of their passage. The distribution of fat score classes did not differ significantly between the early and late periods of the most intensive migration, although the mean of the deposited fat was the lowest during the peak of migration. Fat reserve distribution was bimodal in autumn suggesting that Thrush Nightingales probably start their journey from different breeding ranges (populations) or follow still undiscovered migration strategies of sex/age groups. The low proportion of recaptures proved that the area was not used as a stopover site or premigratory fattening area. Within 22 years of study, the median date of autumn migration of Thrush Nightingales shifted 7.9 days earlier, probably due to current climate change.

scholarly journals Migrating birds rapidly increase constitutive immune function during stopover

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 192031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cas Eikenaar ◽  
Sven Hessler ◽  
Arne Hegemann
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Migratory Flight ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
Fuel Accumulation ◽  
Migrating Birds

Migratory flight is physiologically highly demanding and has been shown to negatively affect multiple parameters of constitutive immune function (CIF), an animal's first line of physiological defence against infections. In between migratory flights, most birds make stopovers, periods during which they accumulate fuel for the next flight(s). Stopovers are also commonly thought of as periods of rest and recovery, but what this encompasses is largely undefined. Here, we show that during stopover, northern wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe, a long-distance migratory bird, can rapidly increase constitutive innate immune function. We caught and temporarily caged birds under ad libitum food conditions at a stopover site in autumn. Within 2 days, most birds significantly increased complement activity and their ability to kill microbes. Changes in immune function were not related to the birds' food intake or extent of fuel accumulation. Our study suggests that stopovers may not only be important to refuel but also to restore immune function. Additionally, the increase in CIF could help migrating birds to deal with novel pathogens they may encounter at stopover sites.

Migration Dynamics and Seasonal Variation In the Biometrics of the Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) Migrating through the Lower Vistula Valley (N Poland) in Autumn

Ring ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Robert Krupa ◽  
Włodzimierz Meissner ◽  
Małgorzata Krupa ◽  
Agnieszka Sereda
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Breeding Range ◽  
Total Head ◽  
Timing Of Migration ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Almost All

Migration Dynamics and Seasonal Variation In the Biometrics of the Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) Migrating through the Lower Vistula Valley (N Poland) in Autumn The aim of this study was to present data on the phenology of autumn migration of the Eurasian Curlew passing the lower Vistula valley and to determine whether there is a difference in biometrics between early and late migrants, which may reflect different timing of migration of birds from different parts of the breeding range. Studies were conducted in the lower Vistula valley in 2003-2008. Median date of migration fell into 9-13 August pen-tade. The migration dynamics showed major day-to-day changes in bird numbers and almost all of observed flocks migrated without staying in the study area. Moreover, only one bird was caught twice during the season. It indicates that lower Vistula valley is not an attractive stopover site for Eurasian Curlews. There were significant differences in the total head lengths, bill lengths and body masses of birds caught in different ten-days periods with larger and heavier birds occurring towards the end of the study period (ANOVA, Neuman-Keuls test: p < 0.05 in all cases). The gradual increase in the total head and bill lengths and probably also in body mass indicates that bigger birds from the eastern part of the breeding range migrate later than smaller birds, which breed in the west. There were no significant differences in wing length, tarsus length and tarsus with toe length (ANOVA, Neuman-Keuls test: p > 0.05 in all cases). Subspecies N. a. arquata and N. a. orientalis have similar wing length and in this study there were no significant differences for this measurement between following decades of the studied period. Collected data suggest that the wing length, which had clearly bimodal distribution, should be the best linear measurements for sexing at least juvenile Eurasian Curlews.

scholarly journals High-Arctic butterflies become smaller with rising temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 20150574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Bowden ◽  
Anne Eskildsen ◽  
Rikke R. Hansen ◽  
Kent Olsen ◽  
Carolyn M. Kurle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Growing Seasons

The response of body size to increasing temperature constitutes a universal response to climate change that could strongly affect terrestrial ectotherms, but the magnitude and direction of such responses remain unknown in most species. The metabolic cost of increased temperature could reduce body size but long growing seasons could also increase body size as was recently shown in an Arctic spider species. Here, we present the longest known time series on body size variation in two High-Arctic butterfly species: Boloria chariclea and Colias hecla . We measured wing length of nearly 4500 individuals collected annually between 1996 and 2013 from Zackenberg, Greenland and found that wing length significantly decreased at a similar rate in both species in response to warmer summers. Body size is strongly related to dispersal capacity and fecundity and our results suggest that these Arctic species could face severe challenges in response to ongoing rapid climate change.

Temporal Changes in Wing Length, Fat Reserves and Body Mass of Migrating Eurasian Blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla at a West Hungarian Stopover Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
József Gyurácz ◽  
Péter Bánhidi ◽  
József Góczán ◽  
Péter Illés ◽  
Sándor Kalmár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Sylvia Atricapilla ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Fat Reserves

Spatial distribution and habitat use of reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus during the autumn migration

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miren Andueza ◽  
Juan Arizaga ◽  
Emilio Barba ◽  
Ibon Tamayo-Uria
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Spatial Behaviour ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
Acrocephalus Scirpaceus

Spatial behaviour and habitat selection at stopover sites have a strong influence on the foraging and fuelling performance of migrating birds and hence are important aspects of stopover ecology. The aim of this study was to analyse the spatial behaviour and habitat use of reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus during the autumn migration. We used radio tracking data from reed warblers surveyed at a stopover site in northern Iberia and assigned to three different groups: (1) local adult birds which were still at their breeding site, (2) migrating first-year birds (originating from beyond Iberian peninsula) and (3) migrating adult birds. Overall, migrating first-year birds tended to have larger home ranges than both local and migrating adults and to move more widely in the study area. They also showed lower fat deposition rates than adults. The proportion of habitats in home ranges (reed-beds and tidal flats being the most abundant habitats) was similar amongst groups. The spatial distribution and habitat use of organisms have been theorised to follow an ideal-free or ideal-despotic distribution. However, according to our results, other complex underlying mechanisms may play an important role in shaping the spatial behaviour of birds at stopover sites.

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