scholarly journals A Look Behind the Scenes: Danish Renaissance Martial Arts during the Reign of Christian IV

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Claus Frederik Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many

Abstract From the 4th – 7th of July 2016, the annual International Medieval Congress was held in Leeds, England. Among the many different sessions two specifically addressed historical European martial arts. The first session discussed and commented upon modern practices and interpretations of historical European martial arts, each paper being based on good practice and the proper criteria for academic research. The second session, in which this paper was presented, went more “behind the scenes”, discussing the importance of thorough analysis of the historical context which remains essential to forming a foundation for solid hypotheses and interpretations. This article discusses and sheds light upon Danish historical martial art during the reign of the Danish King Christian IV (r.1588 to 1648). At this point in time Europe consisted of many small principalities in addition to a few larger states and kingdoms. Thoughts and ideas could spread as quickly as ripples in water but also be bound by political and religious alliances or enmities, plague, famine and not to mention the role also played by topographical and cultural differences. Thus, at times, vast cultural differences could be seen from region to region. To this should be added a wide range of social factors, such as the role of relationships and mentalities, and the obeying of unspoken norms and codes which can also affect modern researchers’ interpretations of what is shown or described. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide a series of “behind the scenes” examples which all have the potential to affect hypotheses, interpretations, and overall understandings of the context of historical European martial arts.

scholarly journals A Look Behind the Scenes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Frederik Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many

From the 4th – 7th of July 2016, the annual International Medieval Congress was held in Leeds, England. Among the many different sessions two specifically addressed historical European martial arts. The first session discussed and commented upon modern practices and interpretations of historical European martial arts, each paper being based on good practice and the proper criteria for academic research. The second session, in which this paper was presented, went more “behind the scenes”, discussing the importance of thorough analysis of the historical context which remains essential to forming a foundation for solid hypotheses and interpretations. This article discusses and sheds light upon Danish historical martial art during the reign of the Danish King Christian IV (r.1588 to 1648). At this point in time Europe consisted of many small principalities in addition to a few larger states and kingdoms. Thoughts and ideas could spread as quickly as ripples in water but also be bound by political and religious alliances or enmities, plague, famine and not to mention the role also played by topographical and cultural differences. Thus, at times, vast cultural differences could be seen from region to region. To this should be added a wide range of social factors, such as the role of relationships and mentalities, and the obeying of unspoken norms and codes which can also affect modern researchers’ interpretations of what is shown or described. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide a series of “behind the scenes” examples which all have the potential to affect hypotheses, interpretations, and overall understandings of the context of historical European martial arts.

scholarly journals Using chemical biology to assess and modulate mitochondria: progress and challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20160151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Logan ◽  
Michael P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Many ◽  
Opening Up

Our understanding of the role of mitochondria in biomedical sciences has expanded considerably over the past decade. In addition to their well-known metabolic roles, mitochondrial are also central to signalling for various processes through the generation of signals such as ROS and metabolites that affect cellular homeostasis, as well as other processes such as cell death and inflammation. Thus, mitochondrial function and dysfunction are central to the health and fate of the cell. Consequently, there is considerable interest in better understanding and assessing the many roles of mitochondria. Furthermore, there is also a growing realization that mitochondrial are a promising drug target in a wide range of pathologies. The application of interdisciplinary approaches at the interface between chemistry and biology are opening up new opportunities to understand mitochondrial function and in assessing the role of the organelle in biology. This work and the experience thus gained are leading to the development of new classes of therapies. Here, we overview the progress that has been made to date on exploring the chemical biology of the organelle and then focus on future challenges and opportunities that face this rapidly developing field.

scholarly journals La oposición leal y la práctica del aikido

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Jonathan Miller-Lane
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Creative Tension ◽  
Unique Manner ◽  
Democratic Life

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Discussions regarding martial arts often focus on the unique manner in which different styles respond to a set of common attacks. Indeed, it is in these unique responses that most martial arts distinguish themselves. However, this paper examines the role of the aggressor during training; specifically, in the martial art of Aikido and draws an analogy between the role of an aggressor during Aikido practice and the actions of a member of the loyal opposition in a democracy. A commitment to a set of rules that govern and protect the participants and a commitment to maintain a rich, creative tension mark both the vibrant interactions of an Aikido dojo and democratic life in a multicultural society.</span></span></span></p>

scholarly journals The digital transformation of the healthcare industry: exploring the rise of emerging platform ecosystems and their influence on the role of patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033-1069
Author(s):  
Sebastian Hermes ◽  
Tobias Riasanow ◽  
Eric K. Clemons ◽  
Markus Böhm ◽  
Helmut Krcmar
Keyword(s):  
Digital Health ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Platform Ecosystems

AbstractWhile traditional organizations create value within the boundaries of their firm or supply chain, digital platforms leverage and orchestrate a platform-mediated ecosystem to create and co-create value with a much wider array of partners and actors. Although the change to two-sided markets and their generalization to platform ecosystems have been adopted among various industries, both academic research and industry adoption have lagged behind in the healthcare industry. To the best of our knowledge current Information Systems research has not yet incorporated an interorganizational perspective of the digital transformation of healthcare. This neglects a wide range of emerging changes, including changing segmentation of industry market participants, changing patient segments, changing patient roles as decision makers, and their interaction in patient care. This study therefore investigates the digital transformation of the healthcare industry by analyzing 1830 healthcare organizations found on Crunchbase. We derived a generic value ecosystem of the digital healthcare industry and validated our findings with industry experts from the traditional and the start-up healthcare domains. The results indicate 8 new roles within healthcare, namely: information platforms, data collection technology, market intermediaries, services for remote and on-demand healthcare, augmented and virtual reality provider, blockchain-based PHR, cloud service provider, and intelligent data analysis for healthcare provider. Our results further illustrate how these roles transform value proposition, value capture, and value delivery in the healthcare industry. We discuss competition between new entrants and incumbents and elaborate how digital health innovations contribute to the changing role of patients.

scholarly journals Historical European Martial Art a crossroad between academic research, martial heritage re-creation and martial sport practices

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jaquet ◽  
Claus Frederik Sørensen ◽  
Fabrice Cognot
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
Hands On ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

Abstract Historical European martial arts (HEMA) have to be considered an important part of our common European cultural heritage. Studies within this field of research have the potential to enlighten the puzzle posed by past societies, for example in the field of history, history of science and technology, or fields related to material culture. The military aspects of history are still to be considered among the most popular themes of modern times, generating huge public interest. In the last few decades, serious HEMA study groups have started appearing all over the world – focusing on re-creating a lost martial art. The terminology “Historical European Martial Arts” therefore also refers to modem-day practices of ancient martial arts. Many of these groups focus on a “hands-on” approach, thus bringing practical experience and observation to enlighten their interpretation of the source material. However, most of the time, they do not establish inquiries based on scientific research, nor do they follow methodologies that allow for a critical analysis of the findings or observations. This paper will therefore propose and discuss, ideas on how to bridge the gap between enthusiasts and scholars; since their embodied knowledge, acquired by practice, is of tremendous value for scientific inquiries and scientific experimentation. It will also address HEMA practices in the context of modern day acceptance of experimental (or experiential) processes and their value for research purposes and restoration of an historical praxis. The goal is therefore to sketch relevant methodological and theoretical elements, suitable for a multidisciplinary approach, to HEMA, where the “H” for “historical” matters.

On the Laws and Theories of Sliding Friction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nannaji Saka
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Patterned Surfaces ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Delamination Wear ◽  
The Many ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Lubricated Sliding

The many seminal contributions made by Professor Nam P. Suh to the theories of wear, such as the delamination wear and the solution wear, are well known. The contributions made by him and his associates to the theories of friction, however, are less known; but they are equally significant. In this article, I first briefly survey, to provide an historical context, the laws and theories of sliding friction as proposed over the past centuries and decades. Then the contributions of Prof. Suh and his associates in recent decades are reviewed. Specifically, the role of wear particles in the frictional phenomena of dry and boundary-lubricated sliding is examined. A novel concept of undulating, or patterned, surfaces has been advanced to minimize friction in both dry and boundary-lubricated sliding. The undulating surfaces trap wear debris and thus minimize plowing friction in dry sliding, above the transition temperature in boundary-lubricated sliding, and even in hydrodynamic bearings during start/stop operations. The concept is especially appropriate for heavily loaded tribological systems with tighter clearances in which the likelihood of seizure is imminent.

scholarly journals Historical European Martial Art a crossroad between academic research, martial heritage re-creation and martial sport practices

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jaquet ◽  
Claus Frederik Sørensen ◽  
Fabrice Cognot
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
Hands On ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

Historical European martial arts (HEMA) have to be considered an important part of our common European cultural heritage. Studies within this field of research have the potential to enlighten the puzzle posed by past societies, for example in the field of history, history of science and technology, or fields related to material culture. The military aspects of history are still to be considered among the most popular themes of modern times, generating huge public interest. In the last few decades, serious HEMA study groups have started appearing all over the world – focusing on re-creating a lost martial art. The terminology “Historical European Martial Arts” therefore also refers to modem-day practices of ancient martial arts. Many of these groups focus on a “hands-on” approach, thus bringing practical experience and observation to enlighten their interpretation of the source material. However, most of the time, they do not establish inquiries based on scientific research, nor do they follow methodologies that allow for a critical analysis of the findings or observations. This paper will therefore propose and discuss, ideas on how to bridge the gap between enthusiasts and scholars; since their embodied knowledge, acquired by practice, is of tremendous value for scientific inquiries and scientific experimentation. It will also address HEMA practices in the context of modern day acceptance of experimental (or experiential) processes and their value for research purposes and restoration of an historical praxis. The goal is therefore to sketch relevant methodological and theoretical elements, suitable for a multidisciplinary approach, to HEMA, where the “H” for “historical” matters.

scholarly journals PERANAN TARI MANCAK PADANG PADA UPACARA URAK BALABEK DI NAGARI PAUH IX KOTA PADANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Yolanda Afika Putri ◽  
Desfiarni Desfiarni
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Fourth Level ◽  
Arts Teachers ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Art Schools

This study aims to describe and analyze the role of Mancak Padang dance at Urak Balabek ceremony in Nagari Pauh IX, Padang City. This research belongs to a qualitative research using a descriptive analysis method. The instrument in this study was the researcher itself and was assisted by supporting instruments such as writing tools, a camera, and a tape recorder. Types of data used were primary and secondary data. The data were collected through literature study, observation, interview, and documentation. The data analysis was done by collecting the data, describing the data, and concluding the data. The results show that Urak Balabek ceremony in Nagari Pauh IX Padang City is a ceremony held every 5 years. Urak Balabek ceremony is attended by all sasaran (martial art schools) in tapian (areas that have martial art schools) in Nagari Pauh IX. Urak Balabek ceremony is an activity to malewakan gala (title promotion of martial arts teachers) for martial art players and teachers to get a higher level of the title. The level of the teachers’ titles consists of 1. kako pandeka (first level), 2, niniak mamak (second level), 3. guru gadang (third level), 4. guru tuo (fourth level). All Urak Balabek ceremonial processions must be carried out because they are part of the appointment of martial art teachers starting from the procession to malewakan gala. The implementation of the malewakan gala (title promotion of martial arts teachers) is to achieve all levels of the existing titles. To achieve the title of guru tuo (lowest level) is from being teachers assistant (fighters who have good martial arts abilities). In the procession of malewakan gala, Mancak Padang dance must be performed by the teachers’ assistant and guru tuo. This is due to the fact that both guru tuo and guru gadang candidates must perform their abilities and skills to play the sword (mangilekan padang). After the performance of Mancak Padang dance, an oath and promise are carried out by guru tuo. Then the mimpantan (the persons who hosts Urak Balabek ceremony) first calls the title of guru tuo to the newly person appointed to have guru tuo status.The role of Mancak Padang dance at Urak Balabek ceremony plays a very important role due to the fact that it is performed and displays dexterity in playing the sword, so Mancak Padang dance is a medium which promotes the titles of martial arts teachers in the procession of mangilek an padang legalizing and validating gala or the teachers’ status to be appointed.

scholarly journals Chinese Reaction and Interpretation of 1991 Events in the Soviet Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
I. Y. Zuenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Chinese Leadership ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Large Bulk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soviet Experience

The article is timed to coincide with two anniversaries: centenary of the Communist Party of China, and thirty years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. According to the author’s idea, these two anniversaries correlate: analysis of the reasons and consequences of the USSR dissolution became one of the factors of current policy of Chinese communists. The article brings light to this coherence. A wide range of Chinese sources and literature regarding 1991 events in the USSR was used for the article. Another feature is the attention to historical context of the late 1980s – early 1990s, analysis of which helps to understand domination of conservative view to the USSR dissolution. The article shows how the Chinese state and party interest in the Soviet experience led to creation of a large bulk of works regarding historical, sociological and culturological aspects of the USSR dissolution. The analysis of the most impactful of these works shows a wide range of views regarding certain aspects (fi rst of all, the role of reforms in the fi nal dissolution of the state) and consensus regarding other aspects (negative role of Mikhail Gorbachev, labelling the dissolution of the USSR and the Communist Party as a ‘catastrophe’). Further analysis of the Soviet experience led to such measures by the Chinese leadership like strengthening of partocracy regime, conducting of media-covered anti-smuggling campaigns, establishing of harsh administrative and security control in areas with ethnic minorities, active counterpropaganda and struggling with foreign information infl uence. Appellation to the negative experience of the USSR and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is using by the Chinese leadership in its propaganda as an argument for unacceptability of any political reforms regarding weakening of the party role.

scholarly journals From language to meteorology: kinesis in weather events and weather verbs across Sinitic languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Ren Huang ◽  
Sicong Dong ◽  
Yike Yang ◽  
He Ren
Keyword(s):  
Key Factors ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sinitic Languages ◽  
Action Verbs ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractInteractions among the environment, humans and language underlie many of the most pressing challenges we face today. This study investigates the use of different verbs to encode various weather events in Sinitic languages, a language family spoken over a wide range of climates and with 3000 years of continuous textual documentation. We propose to synergise the many concepts of kinesis that grew from Aristotle’s original ideas to account for the correlation between meteorological events and their linguistic encoding. It is observed that the two most salient key factors of weather events, i.e., mass of weather substances and speed of weather processes, are the two contributing components of kinetic energy. Leveraging the linguistic theory that kinesis underpins conceptualisation of verb classes, this paper successfully accounts for the selection of verbs for different meteorological events in all Sinitic languages in terms of both language variations and changes. Specifically, weather events with bigger weather substances and faster weather processes tend to select action verbs with high transitivity. The kinesis driven accounts also predict the typological variations between verbal and nominal constructions for weather expressions. The correlation between kinesis and the selection of verbs is further corroborated by an experiment on the perception of native Sinitic language speakers, as well as analyses of regional variations of verb selections that do not follow general typological patterns. It is found that such typological exceptions generally correspond to variations in meteorological patterns. By explicating the pivotal role of kinesis in bridging weather events and the linguistic encoding of weather, this study underlines the role of cognition as the conceptualisation of physical and sensory inputs to sharable knowledge encoded by language.

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