Logikôs Argumentation in Aristotle’s Natural Science

Apeiron ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Woodcox
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Close Textual Analysis ◽  
Standard Domain

AbstractThis paper offers a novel interpretation of the nature and role of logical (logikôs) argumentation in Aristotle’s natural philosophy. In contrast to the standard domain interpretation, which makes logikôs argumentation the contrary of phusikôs, relying on principles drawn from outside the domain of natural science, I propose that the essential or defining feature of logikôs argumentation is the use of principles that are general relative to the question under investigation. My interpretation is developed and illustrated with a close textual analysis of Aristotle’s explanation of mule sterility in Generation of Animals II 8.

Contentment, Satisfaction and Good-Pleasure

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Close Textual Analysis ◽  
Early Islamic

The article examines early Sufi notions of rida, usually translated as “contentment,” “satisfaction,” and “good-pleasure.” It does so through a close textual analysis of some of the most important works of the tradition authored up until what has been identified as the “formative period of Sufi literature,” a period which ends in the 11th century. In the process, the article situates rida within the larger context of early Islamic moral psychology as it was formulated by the fledgling Sufi tradition. The article analyses early definitions of rida, the role of rida in tribulation, contentment and the ills of complaint, the higher levels of rida, and the role of love in rida. It ends with a brief overview of the paradox of rida inherent within a largely deterministic theology which traces all acts back to God.

scholarly journals Fire in the mind: changing understandings of fire in Western civilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1696) ◽  
pp. 20150166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Pyne
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Human History ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind

For most of human history, fire has been a pervasive presence in human life, and so also in human thought. This essay examines the ways in which fire has functioned intellectually in Western civilization as mythology, as religion, as natural philosophy and as modern science. The great phase change occurred with the development of industrial combustion; fire faded from quotidian life, which also removed it from the world of informing ideas. Beginning with the discovery of oxygen, fire as an organizing concept fragmented into various subdisciplines of natural science and forestry. The Anthropocene, however, may revive the intellectual role of fire as an informing idea or at least a narrative conceit. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The interaction of fire and mankind’.

BASIS AND PROMOTION OF NATURPHILOSOPHIC IDEAS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE PEOPLES OF CENTRAL ASIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Nargiza A. Holiqova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Indian Central

Today it is important to study the important ideas of Eastern philosophy in the field of natural science and important conceptual ideas in the teachings of thinkers on this subject. The need to study medieval Muslim philosophy In African countries, the question of the role of spiritual traditions, including traditions based on Beruni, in modern ideological life are of great importance.The concept of Eastern Aristotelianism was analyzed, representing not only the philosophical system or doctrine of Aristotle, but also rationalism, firmly associated with natural philosophy, and through it -medieval rationalistic philosophy. His relentless struggle for independence led to the spread of the achievements of Indian, Central Asian, Iranian and especially Greek scientific thought, which contributed to the development of secular science. In the 10th century, there were 17 madrasahs in Samarkand, in Samarkand alone, which during the Caliphate had a large library and an astronomical observatory, which are considered to have made a radical turn in cultural life

Arithmetic of the Species: Darwin and the Role of Mathematics in his Argumentation

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Mathematical Arguments ◽  
Close Textual Analysis ◽  
And Mathematics

Abstract Historians of science resist recognizing a role for mathematics in The Origin of Species on the grounds that Darwin's arguments are inductive and mathematics is deductive, while rhetoricians seem to oppose the idea that deductive mathematical arguments fall within the jurisdiction of rhetorical analysis. A close textual analysis of the arguments in The Origin and a careful examination of the methodological/philosophical context in which Darwin is doing science, however, challenges these objections against and assumptions about the role of mathematical warrants in Darwin's arguments and their importance to his rhetorical efforts in the text.

scholarly journals Configuration of the Self-Mythology and Identity of Female Characters in Paul Auster’s In the Country of Last Things and The New York Trilogy

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Shirkhani
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Paul Auster ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
Close Textual Analysis ◽  
New York Trilogy ◽  
American Society

The works of American novelist Paul Auster (1947- ) are uniquely concerned with the mythology of self, metanarrative and the role gender plays in these transactions. In his earliest works, The New York Trilogy (1985-1986) and In the Country of Last Things (1987), Auster uses genre conventions and styles (for the former, detective novels; for the latter, dystopian fiction) to interrogate these preconceptions of self-mythology and the role of gender within these genres, subverting tropes and traits of these works to comment upon them. In the following, we investigate these works in depth along these themes, conducting a close textual analysis from the framework of Freudian and Lacanian theories of psychoanalysis and poststructuralism. By investigating the roles of women in The New York Trilogy and In the Country of Last Things, we hope to illuminate Auster’s uniquely postmodernist, deconstructive approach to the psychological imperatives women are socialized into within American society, and how they are informed by narrative and mythology. The role of women, from the absent trophies of The New York Trilogy to the central voice of sanity of Anna in In the Country of Last Things, posits women as a societal superego whose goal it is to keep the destructive, nihilistic id-like impulses of men in check. 

scholarly journals Realism and Naturalism in Samrat Upadhyay’s The Guru of Love

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Bimal Kishore Shrivastwa
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Mathematics Teacher ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Close Textual Analysis ◽  
Principal Finding ◽  
Realism And Naturalism

This research project seeks to explore realism and naturalism in Samrat Upadhyay's novel, The Guru of Love, in the context of Nepalese society. It analyses how the novel delineates a realistic account of Nepalese middle-class people's hardships, struggles, and problems they face internally and externally through the character of Ramchandra, the protagonist of the fiction, an ordinary mathematics teacher who faces some hindrances in search of a better life and developing a career in the capital city. The principal objective of the study is to find the realistic, naturalistic, and materialistic elements in the novel, to examine the psychic predispositions that characters come through realistically, and to analyze the role of love and sex in terms of spirituality and emancipation as they all fall into the parameters of naturalism and realism. This study is developed through a theoretical framework based on realism and naturalism for the close textual analysis of the novel. The principal finding of the research paper is that the major characters of the novel, The Guru of Love, suffer from the conflict between their desires and their socio-economic realities. The article also surveys how material prosperity fails to resolve all the problems that human being goes through. It is expected that the paper stands as a reference for the research scholars interested to explore in the area.

The Role of Muslim Women in Civil Society In Promoting Values and Principles for Building Peace: Action Guide from The Qur’ān

Sains Insani ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Che Amnah Bahari ◽  
Fatimah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Women And Children

The whole world, the Muslim in particular has witnessed conflicts in different areas, which have hindered the developmental efforts of the nations concerned. It should be learned that most victims of these conflicts are women and children. This article attempts to elaborate the role of Muslims Women as a crucial segment in civil society in initiating peace building through nurturing process. It maintains that the adoption of the principles and values derived from the Qur’ān and Sunnah of the Prophet is necessary as a process of lifelong learning.  Those identified values constituted the framework of this article and it adopts the textual analysis method.   This article concludes that through the implementation of those values and frameworks for peace building, women as one of the important segments of civil society are able to play significant role towards initiating peace building and promoting peaceful co-existence in pluralistic society. Abstrak: Dunia Islam khususnya telah menyaksikan konflik di pelbagai daerah yang berbeza. Konflik ini telah menghalang usaha kearah pembangunan Kawasan yang berkenaan. Kebanyakan mangsa konflik ini adalah wanita dan kanak-kanak. Artikel ini cuba untuk menghuraikan peranan wanita Islam sebagai segmen penting dalam masyarakat madani dalam membangun proses kedamaian dengan mendidik dan memupuk prinsip dan nilai murni janaan al-Qur’an. Penggunaan prinsip dan nilai yang dikutip dari ayat-ayat Qur'an dan hadis Rasulullah adalah keperluan yang mendesak sebagai wadah bagi proses pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Nilai-nilai yang dikenal pasti merupakan rangka kerja artikel ini, dan metod yang dirujuk adalah analisis teks. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahawa melalui pelaksanaan nilai-nilai dan kerangka kerja Islam bagi proses kedamaian, wanita Islam dalam masyarakat madani mampu memainkan peranan penting dalam memulakan pembinaan keamanan dan menggalakkan kehidupan yang harmonis, sejahtera dan saling bantu membantu dalam masyarakat majmuk.

The Study of Consciousness by Natural Science Methods: On a Possible Role of Wave-Like Integration Processes

Vestnik RFFI ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Boris M. Velichkovskiy ◽  
◽  
Mikhail V. Kovalchuk ◽  
Vadim L. Ushakov ◽  
Maksim G. Sharaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Science Methods

Promoting Empirical Knowledge in Habsburg Europe

Nuncius ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Luca Ciancio
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Medical Humanism ◽  
Mathematical Sciences

Abstract Recent studies on the functions performed by natural and mathematical sciences in Renaissance courts have shown how closely and extensively the domains of medicine, astrology and politics interacted with each other. The dedicatory letters to Cardinal and Prince-Bishop Bernardo Cles printed in works of medicine, astronomy and natural philosophy by scholars like Marco Antonio Rozoni (1524), Sebastian Münster (1527), Luca Gaurico (1531) Pietro Antonio Mattioli (1533) and Ludovico Nogarola (1536) reveal how much attention Ferdinand I’s Supreme Chancellor, a prelate and politician of unquestioned authority and power, devoted to such influential domains of natural science. In particular, they suggest that Bernardo was not unfavorable to a view of natural knowledge inspired by the anti-astrological skepticism of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. What is more, his intellectual proximity to learned physicians working in the wake of Nicolò Leoniceno’s medical humanism lends credit to the image of a patron, and a ruler, who was oriented to rely preferably on natural knowledge grounded in repeatable sensorial experience.

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