Language acquisition and linguistic theory: When linguistic theory meets empirical data

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Pedro Guijarro-Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis Special Issue brings together the current work of well-established and well-known researchers in the field of language acquisition from a formal approach across several languages and of bilingual acquisition (2L1 and adult simultaneous and successive bilinguals), focusing on the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of different linguistic phenomena. Specifically, the four papers that will encompass this Special Issue together with an afterword paper written by a leading researcher in the field, Itziar Laka, discuss two main issues for current linguistic theory, both related, in this discussion, to Spanish: on the one hand, how do data and phenomena from the acquisition of different Romance languages inform and shape generative linguistic theory? And, on the other, how does generative linguistic theory frame and constrain research on the acquisition of Romance languages? To that end, divergent bilingual populations are used in these studies, which present longitudinal or cross-sectional data using a diverse range of methodologies (more on this within the individual summaries).

Intra-individual variation in adults and children: measuring and conceptualizing individual dialect–standard repertoires

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmtraud Kaiser ◽  
Andrea Ender
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Standard Spectrum ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This paper explores intra-individual variation as a manifestation of language-internal multilingualism in the Central-Bavarian Austrian context. Based on speech data from children and adults in different contexts, we discuss different methods of measuring and analyzing inter-situational variation along the dialect and standard language spectrum. By contrasting measures of dialectality, on the one hand, and proportions of turns in dialect, standard language or intermediate/mixed forms on the other, we gain complementary insights not only into the individual dialect-standard repertoires but also into the consequences of different methodological choices. The results indicate that intra-individual variation is ubiquitous in adults and children and that individual repertoires need to be taken into account from the beginning of the language acquisition process. We suggest that while intra-individual variation can be attested through the use of various methods, the revealed level of granularity and the conclusions that can be drawn as to the individual repertoires on the dialect-standard spectrum largely depend on the measures used and their inherent assumptions and intrinsically necessary categorizations.

Religion and Constitutional Practices in Asia: Five ‘Cs’ for Reflection

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Arif A JAMAL
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Short Commentary ◽  
Five Cs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

AbstractIn considering the articles in this Special Issue, I am struck by the importance of a set of factors that, in my view, both run through the articles like a leitmotif, as well as shape the major ‘take away’ lesson(s) from the articles. In this short commentary, I elaborate on these factors and the lesson(s) to take from them through five ‘Cs’: context; complexity; contestation; the framework of constitutions; and the role of comparative law. The first three ‘Cs’ are lessons from the case studies of the articles themselves, while the second two ‘Cs’ are offered as lessons to help take the dialogue forward. Fundamentally, these five ‘Cs’ highlight the importance of the articles in this Special Issue and the conference from which they emerged on the one hand, while on the other hand, also making us aware of what are the limits of what we should conclude from the individual articles. In other words, taken together, the five ‘Cs’ are, one might say, lessons about lessons.

scholarly journals Studying micro dynamics in civil wars: introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roos Haer ◽  
Johannes Vüllers ◽  
Nils B. Weidmann
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Peace And Conflict Studies ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis article introduces the special issue on the micro-level dynamics of civil wars. Until recently, most empirical work on these conflicts and their consequences has focused on the level of the sovereign state. In contrast, a micro-level approach is categorized by three distinct—albeit intertwined—features: a disaggregation by actors, time and space, interdisciplinarity, and the reliance on a set of different methods for the collection of data. The contributors to this special issue illustrate different approaches to the study of micro-level dynamics. The first part of the Special Issue provides new insights into the international level of civil war affects local conflict dynamics. The second part of the Special Issue is focused on the dynamics occurring at the group and the individual level. The diverse range of contributions to this Special Issue not only illustrate the scientific potential of the individual approaches to micro dynamics of armed conflict, but also the more general contributions that this kind of approach can offer to peace and conflict studies.

scholarly journals Learning Styles Determine Different Immigrant Students’ Results in Testing Settings: Relationship Between Nationality of Children and the Stimuli of Tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Sandra Figueiredo ◽  
Tânia Brandão ◽  
Odete Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
European Students ◽  
The One

Background: Literature presents little examination on the learning styles and sensorial preferences of immigrants during decoding of different tasks in testing contexts. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, non-native children (between 2nd and 12th grade) were divided into six groups determined by country of origin and examined on different stimuli, visual and auditory, associated with four tasks that measure cognitive and linguistic specific abilities. Results: The multivariate analysis confirmed that the children’s nationality significantly explained achievement variability regarding picture recognition and auditory discrimination. η2 values indicated that there were moderate to larger effects for the nationality as a factor that explains the variance of performance. Conclusions: Results indicate that tasks’ stimuli can effectively assess and differentiate specific young minority groups in order to understand their actual level of preparation and their needs for further learning. The listening input, on the one hand, should be established as the main differentiator for all groups at the time of school entry, but, on the other hand, it should be avoided in Asian groups and Eastern European students during the first stages of second language (L2) learning in European contexts with romance languages as the target learning.

scholarly journals Selbstbestimmung in der digitalen Welt: Über die Vorteile eines ebenenübergreifenden normativen Basiskonzepts für die empirische Erforschung der digitalen Kommunikation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Wessler ◽  
Patrik Haffner ◽  
Eike Mark Rinke
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Collective Levels ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

In this introduction to the special issue we develop a conceptualization of self-determination in a digital world that spans the individual and collective levels. We take up the three empirical dimensions of self-determination that Ryan and Deci have distinguished in their motivational theory of psychological self-determination and transpose them to the collective level. On the dimension of autonomy, collective self-determination refers to the institutions and rules of a democratic communication order; on the competence dimension, it refers to citizens’ political efficacy beliefs; and on the dimension of social connectedness, collective self-determination denotes the existence of shared communicative spaces even across deep divides. This conception of self-determination allows us, on the one hand, to identify causal influences between the individual and collective levels and, on the other hand, helps bring into focus the problems of realizing self-determination in societal communication as well as potentials for their solution. In conclusion, we show how the contributions to this special issue relate to the three empirical dimensions and two levels of self-determination and highlight their respective normative relevance.

scholarly journals Introduction: computability of the physical

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-728
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN S. CALUDE ◽  
S. BARRY COOPER
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Constructive Theory ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Mathematical Structures ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Albert Einstein encapsulated a commonly held view within the scientific community when he wrote in his book Out of My Later Years (Einstein 1950, page 54) ‘When we say that we understand a group of natural phenomena, we mean that we have found a constructive theory which embraces them.’ This represents a dual challenge to the scientist: on the one hand, to explain the real world in a very basic, and if possible, mathematical, way; but on the other, to characterise the extent to which this is even possible. Recent years have seen the mathematics of computability play an increasingly vital role in pushing forward basic science and in illuminating its limitations within a creative coming together of researchers from different disciplines. This special issue of Mathematical Structures in Computer Science is based on the special session ‘Computability of the Physical’ at the International Conference Computability in Europe 2010, held at Ponta Delgada, Portugal, in June 2010, and it, together with the individual papers it contains, forms what we believe to be a special contribution to this exciting and developing process.

scholarly journals Introduction: From Conceptual Debates to Practical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Sergey Troitskiy ◽  
◽  
Leena Kurvet-Käosaar ◽  
Liisi Laineste ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cultural Scripts ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Bringing into focus the ways of how to approach trauma instead of defining the object of research is becoming increasingly important. This also indicates that the range of approaches to trauma that informs cultural inquiry is widening, and is moving away from one singular paradigm posited as universal. Trauma scholars have demonstrated, on the one hand, the importance of particular experiences, specific cases, individual features of experiencing, remembering, and narrating trauma. On the other hand, they have pointed out the impact of cultural “scripts” shaped by broader cultural understandings and social and cultural regulations and preferences that shape the possibilities of the representation of traumatic experience. This special issue seeks to recognize and negotiate the individual and collective dimensions of trauma as well as their interwovenness, with a focus on the (post)-Soviet and Eastern European experience. It does so by addressing the generalizing theoretical models as well as the practical, material, and experimental aspects of trauma. Thus, it seeks to disentangle and clarify the links between the collective and the individual, the theoretical and the practical, and finally, the universal and the specific, the global and the local.

Internalizing Behavior During the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Vierhaus ◽  
Arnold Lohaus ◽  
Indra Shah
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The One

This investigation focuses on the question whether assessments of the development of internalizing behavior from childhood to adolescence are affected by the kind of research design (longitudinal versus cross-sectional). Two longitudinal samples of 432 second-graders and 366 fourth graders participated in a longitudinal study with subsequent measurements taken 1, 2, and 3 years later. A third sample consisting of 849 children covering the same range of grades participated in a cross-sectional study. The results show that the development of internalizing symptoms in girls – but not in boys – varies systematically with the research design. In girls, there is a decrease of internalizing symptoms (especially between the first two timepoints) in the longitudinal assessment, which may reflect, for example, the influence of strain during the first testing situation. Both longitudinal trajectories converge to a common trajectory from grade 2 to grade 7 when controlling for this “novelty-distress effect.” Moreover, when we control this effect, the slight but significant decrease characterizing the common trajectory becomes similar to the one obtained in the cross-sectional study. Therefore, trajectories based on longitudinal assessments may suggest more changes with regard to internalizing symptoms over time than actually take place, while trajectories based on cross-sectional data may be characterized by an increased level of internalizing symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

PENGARUH LATIHAN RANGE OF MOTION (ROM) AKTIF ASSITIF TERHADAP RENTANG GERAK SENDI PADA LANSIA YANG MENGALAMI IMMOBILISASI FISIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Niken Setyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Physical Mobility ◽  
Motion Exercise ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Active Training

Background: Elderly is the final stage of the human life cycle, that is part of the inevitable life process and will be experienced by every individual. At this stage the individual undergoes many changes both physically and mentally, especially setbacks in various functions and abilities he once had. Preliminary study in Social House Tresna Wreda Yogyakarta Budhi Luhur Units there are 16 elderly who experience physical immobilization. In the social house has done various activities for the elderly are still active, but the elderly who experienced muscle weakness is not able to follow the exercise, so it needs to do ROM (Range Of Motion) exercise.   Objective: The general purpose of this research is to know the effect of Range Of Motion (ROM) Active Assitif training to increase the range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House of Tresna Werdha Yogyakarta unit Budhi Luhur.   Methode: This study was included in the type of pre-experiment, using the One Group Pretest Posttest design in which the range of motion of the joints before (pretest) and posttest (ROM) was performed  ROM. Subjects in this study were all elderly with impaired physical mobility in Social House Tresna Wreda Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur a number of 14 elderly people. Data analysis in this research use paired sample t-test statistic  Result: The result of this research shows that there is influence of ROM (Range of Motion) Active training to increase of range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House Tresna Wredha Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur.  Conclusion: There is influence of ROM (Range of Motion) Active training to increase of range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House Tresna Wredha Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur.

Editorial Introduction | Oil and Media, Oil as Media: Mediating Petrocultures Then and Now

MediaTropes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. i-xvi
Author(s):  
Jordan Kinder ◽  
Lucie Stepanik
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Editorial Introduction ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Material Turn ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
The One

In this introduction to the special issue of MediaTropes on “Oil and Media, Oil as Media,” Jordan B. Kinder and Lucie Stepanik provide an account of the stakes and consequences of approaching oil as media as they situate it within the “material turn” of media studies and the broader project energy humanities. They argue that by critically approaching oil and its infrastructures as media, the contributions that comprise this issue puts forward one way to develop an account of oil that further refines the larger tasks and stakes implicit in the energy humanities. Together, these address the myriad ways in which oil mediates social, cultural, and ecological relations, on the one hand, and the ways in which it is mediated, on the other, while thinking through how such mediations might offer glimpses of a future beyond oil.

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