Sufism, subjectivity and parapsychology: refashioning the dirbāsha ritual among Sufis in modern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Religious Subjectivity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bodily Practice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ritual Context

Abstract This paper explores the ritual of the dirbāsha as an extraordinary miracle performance and its role as a bodily practice in the formation of modern Muslim subjectivities among the Qādiriyya-Kasnazāniyya Sufi communities in Iraq. During the climax of collective dhikr gatherings, male Sufi novices perform extraordinary and dangerous acts, perforating parts of their bodies with swords or long skewers without seriously injuring themselves. From the Sufi perspective, this ritual is, first of all, interpreted as the miracle of a Sufi shaykh and not of the performing Sufi novice since it is seen as an expression and proof of God’s power as transmitted through the shaykh. Moreover, it has been argued that the ritual is constitutive for the formation of the religious subjectivity of the performing Sufi novice since it allows the embodiment of mystical concepts as emotional, sensorial and existential realities. For the individual ritual experience to work, the social construction and constant reframing of these “miracles” needs to be taken into account as well, namely the ordinary ethics of the extraordinary which allow the miracles to be perceived as such. The present case of the Kasnazāniyya will show how Sufis combined their pious with a modern, critical and self-reflexive subjectivity and successfully managed to reframe this highly controversial practice – which is criticised by religious reformists and secularists alike – beyond its traditional ritual context with the modern science of parapsychology.

PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.

Imagining the Web: the social construction of the Internet in Italy

Modern Italy ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
Francesca Pasquali
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Internet Advertising ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Possible World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Discourses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Web

SummaryThe article analyses social discourses about the Internet in Italy from the mid-1990s onwards, taking its examples from advertising. Beyond the individual campaigns and their subjects there have been two distinct trends in Internet advertising. The first has made an effort to build the Internet as a cognitive object, the second has presented the Internet as a ‘possible world'. The article aims to account for the ways in which the Web has been thematized in Italy: its fields of reference, and how its possible social and personal uses have been anticipated.

scholarly journals Propuesta metodológica para analizar fenómenos socio técnicos en internet

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Ramón Abraham Mena Farrera
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Intentional Action ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Construction Of Technology ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
La Red ◽  
Methodological Strategy

Resumen: No podemos soslayar que las experiencias humanas están vinculadas a la vigorosa expansión tecnológica de los medios electrónicos de comunicación. Por tanto, el presente artículo presenta una revisión teórica que permite formular una estrategia en la metodología cualitativa para producir, ordenar y analizar nuevos datos empíricos que nos den cuenta del fenómeno de la interacción humana en la red de internet. La estrategia metodológica propuesta se sostiene en las tradiciones filosóficas y sociológicas de la construcción social de la tecnología (WINNER, 1993; BIJKER, 1987; PINCH; BIJKER, 1987), la teoría del actor-red (LAW, 1992; CALLON, 1998), y el modelo de los sistemas (HUGHES, 1983), usados para la comprensión de los sistemas socio tecnológicos. Se concluye con algunos posicionamientos renovadores para la metodología cualitativa y su presencia para analizar fenómenos de internet inspirados en la fenomenología, enfatizando el rol concreto del individuo en sus experiencias (mundos vividos y significativos) y el hecho de la acción intencional que tiene el interlocutor de internet para compartir sus vivencias.Palabras clave: Relaciones socio técnicas; Fenomenología tecnológica; Etnometodología; Internet. Methodological proposal to analyze sociotechnical phenomena on the internet Abstract: We cannot argue that human experiences are linked to the vigorous technological expansion of electronic means of communication. Therefore, this article presents a theoretical review that allows the formulation of a strategy in the qualitative methodology for producing, ordering and analyzing new empirical data that denounce the phenomenon of human interaction on the Internet. The methodological strategy proposed is based on the philosophical and sociological traditions of the social construction of technology (WINNER, 1993; BIJKER, 1987; PINCH; BIJKER, 1987), the actor-red theory (LAW, 1992; CALLON, 1998). , and the model of systems (HUGHES, 1983), used for the understanding of socio-technological systems. It concludes with some renewing positions for the qualitative methodology and its presence to analyze internet phenomena inspired by the phenomenology, emphasizing the concrete roll of the individual in his experiences (lived and significant worlds) and the closing of the intentional action that he has the interlocutor of internet to share your experiences Keywords: Sociotechnical relations; Technological phenomenology; Ethnomethodology; Internet. Proposta metodológica para analisar fenômenos sociotequínicos na internet Resumo: No podemos saslayar que as experiencias humanas estão vinculadas à expansão vigorosa tecnológica dos meios eletrónicos de comunicação. Por tanto, o presente artigo apresenta uma revisão teórica que permite formular uma estrategia na metodologia de cotagem para produzir, ordenar e analizar novos dados empíricos que n'água cuenta do fenómeno da interacção humana no vermelho de internet. A estrategia metodológica propôs-se sostiene nas tradições filosóficas e sociológicas da construção social da tecnologia (WINNER, 1993; BIJKER, 1987; PINCH; BIJKER, 1987), la teoría del actor-red (LAW, 1992; CALLON, 1998). O modelo dos sistemas (HUGHES, 1983), usado para a compreenção dos sistemas sócio-tecnológicos. Conclui com algumas posições os renovadores da metodologia qualitativa e sua presença para analisar fenômenos da Internet inspirados na fenomenologia, enfatizando ou papel dos indivíduos em seus experimentos (mundos e estados vividos) e realizou ações intencionais que os medos ou o interlocutor da Internet compartilham suas informações e experiências.Palavras-chave: Relações sociotécnicas; Fenomenologia tecnológica; Etnometodologia; Internet.

A Visible Hand in the Marketplace of Ideas: Precision Measurement as Arbitage

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Mirowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Mathematical Science ◽  
Comparative Sociology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Visible Hand ◽  
History Of

The ArgumentWhile there has been muchattention given to experiment in modern science studies, there has been astoundingly little concern spared over the practice ofquanitataivemeasurment.Thus myths about the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematice in science still abound. This paper presents: (a) An explicit mathematical model of the stabilization of quantitative constants in a mathematical science to rival older Bayesian and classical accounts;(b)a framework for writing a history of pracitces with regard to treatment of quantitative measurement erroe;(c) resourece for the comparative sociology of differing discipliness in this regard;and (d) a prolegonmena to a critique of orthodox economics and accounting theories. The key to all these diverse themes is the realization that no one individual alone is capable of fixing the magnitude of a quantitative error estimate, and therefore the social construction of error must be given a more precise meaning, an therefore the social construction of error must be given a more precise menaing, and that this occurs through the istrumentality of meta-analysis

scholarly journals Сreative potential of the phenomenon of marginalization in sосio-cultural discours. Methodological approaches and explications

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
S. P. Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Dynamic ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
The Individual

Nowadays the Ukrainian crisis society directs man to the creative realization of the individual, but at the same time does not provide specific resources for it. At the present stage of the development of philosophy in the era of the global, social and spiritual crisis, it is becoming important the formation of a new ideological paradigm of a marginal personality that requires research in the field of philosophy and cultural studies. New models of life, moral values, and different worldview emerge through marginality, that’s why the phenomenon of margin is always relevant. The marginal personality is important for any society at all stages of its development and in various forms of its manifestation. The social contradictions are compounded by the growing scale of margin in the society. They form the basis for the deployment of global crises, which consequences are unpredictable from the standpoint of modern science. Perhaps, marginality is a condition, which produces the changes of the social and cultural sphere. The article doesn`t emphasize the nature of these changes, but it should be taken into account both inner (at the level of the value core) and outer; both positive, promoting the development, and negative, leading to the destruction. The accent is made on the activity oriented nature of the marginality, which is able to provoke changes and force a subject to innovations. The marginality has also a certain demonstrative (indicative) character. If the essence and increase of the marginal entities in the social and cultural sphere are captured, we can prove the inevitable changes, the acceleration of the social dynamic. That`s why the marginality is able to provoke social and cultural changes but also be an indicator of the social and cultural sphere state. The above defined updates the socio-philosophical analysis of the peculiarities of margin in the context of globalization, determinants and mechanisms of social transit of the marginalized communities into the integrated socio-cultural space.

scholarly journals As redes sociais e o uso da informação entre os pesquisadores de alimentos funcionais da UEL

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Inês Tomaél
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Information Use ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Social Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

As redes desenvolvem-se pelos contatos que atores mantêm, provocam a construção social do indivíduo e, quando vistas por suas relações, podem identificar coesões e similaridades, em ações coadunadas de indivíduos que agem como um único corpo social. Estudar o uso da informação na rede de alimentos funcionais da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) foi o principal objetivo deste trabalho. A rede estudada é caracterizada por um conjunto de pesquisadores que buscam o desenvolvimento da especialidade – alimentos funcionais. Por meio da metodologia de Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS) foram identificados os atores mais centrais na rede e os recursos informacionais utilizados por estes atores. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o uso da informação na rede ocorre no âmbito tanto formal quanto informal. As fontes de informação, elo entre a informação e a rede, provêem informações ao receptor, que dela necessita. Nessa rede as fontes e serviços de informação são representados pelo Portal de Periódicos da Capes, Internet, bibliotecas, associações, sendo portanto estes os grandes facilitadores dos canais informacionais na rede. AbstractNetworks are developed through the contacts established by its actors, provoke the social construction of the individual, and, when seen through its relations, can identify cohesions and similarities, in coadunated activities of individuals who act as a single social body. Studying information use within Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) functional food’s network and its resources was the main goal of this work. The studied network is characterized by a group of researchers who seeks the development of this specialty – functional foods. Through Social Network Analysis’ (SNA) methodology, the central actors in the network and the informational resources used by such actors were identified. The results indicate that the use of information within the network occurs either in the formal scope and in the informal scope. The information resources, the link between information and network, provide information to the receptor, who needs it. In such network, the resources and information services are represented by Capes’ Periodicals Portal, Internet, libraries, and associations, which could be said, then, as the great facilitators of informational channels in the network.

IT and the Social Construction of Knowledge

2009 ◽  
pp. 577-583
Author(s):  
Elena Revilla ◽  
José Sánchez-Alarcos
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Social Product ◽  
Sustained Success ◽  
The Individual

In a dynamic environment, knowledge is the only valid asset that allows organizations to adapt and change. That is why knowledge is one of the few resources on which any organization can support its sustained success. This resource, in its turn, appears as a result of a repetitive process of learning. Learning is a social product—knowledge is social and has synergic possibilities—therefore, its value increases when it is shared, enriched, and developed beyond the individual, proportioning coherence to the interpretations of the members of the group (Brown & Duguid, 2001; Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995). Many researchers have pointed out that the capacity of an organization to get into the environment, interpret it, and understand it, in short, to learn it, requires dialogue and discussion among its members. Through dialogue (Isaacs, 1993), each member exhibits a perception or personal image of the world, and these perceptions will affect the other members when they are shared during interaction. Together, the discussion of individual perceptions produces a shared image of reality. In addition, collective knowledge is a needed complement to the individual (Brown & Duguid, 1991). First of all, there are problems that require the integration of individual knowledge. Second, and not less important, collective knowledge implies that the members of an organization that share it are going to act according to the same criteria and that makes the organization predictable beyond individual contingences. For example, it is of little use for a driver to know the obligation to drive on the right if the others do not know such obligation (as anyone who has driven in countries where they drive on the left will have been able to confirm at the slightest distraction). It is collective knowledge that supplies standards of conduct whose validity stems precisely from the fact that it is collective. The idea of social construction of knowledge links it to the communities that create, use, and transform it. According to this, if learning is the result of personal experience and processes of interaction among individuals, this should be understood in relation to the social and cultural context in which these experiences and interactions take place, that is, in relation to communities of practice.

Social Self and Identity

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-131
Author(s):  
Gopal Guru ◽  
Sundar Sarukkai
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Social Self ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Self And Identity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self

In this chapter, it is argued that the idea of a social self is at the origin of much of the everyday understanding of the actions of the social, including that of identity within groups. We begin with the idea of social action and argue for the essential sociality of every individual. How is it, that individuals invoke concepts like ‘We’ to describe certain kinds of processes and experiences? Is the use of ‘We’ similar to the use of ‘I’ when describing experiences? Is the idea of the social to be discovered in the ways by which the we-consciousness arises and is sustained? In this sense, the ‘individual’ itself is a social construction. Experiences are unified through the notion of the individual self. Similarly, we can see how the idea of a social self is formed in talk about collective experiences and the formation of we-consciousness. We conclude this chapter with a discussion on the social self of caste.

TASKS OF MODERN EDUCATION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Olga Podoliakina
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Value Perception ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Product ◽  
Club Of Rome ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Personal Behavior

A successful example of the integration of modern science into the educational process is the activity of the Club of Rome, the materials of each report of which become an important component of the educational “product” of many higher educational institutions, and especially those which are providing adult education. The perception of the ideas of the Club depended largely on their inclusion in the agenda – political, economic, cultural etc. The quality of such perception depends on the level of competence of those who perceive and on whether they evaluate the forecasts of the Club only as information, or take them as a value. The value perception of predictions of social development enables them to form principles of personal behavior and methodology for the perception and transformation of the social and natural environment. The combination of information and value influence on the individual can be done in different ways, but one of the most effective is the educational means of influence. Indirectly the participants in the activities of the Roman Club have become more than one generation of globalized humanity – since 1968, one can count the life of the third generation.

“I'm Just an Armless Guitarist”: Tony Melendez, Disability, and the Social Construction of Virtuosity

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-307
Author(s):  
DAVID VANDERHAMM
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Pope John Paul Ii ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bodily Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body ◽  
Complex Subject

AbstractIn 1987, Tony Melendez—a guitarist born without arms who plays the instrument with his feet—played at a youth rally for Pope John Paul II. Immediately after his performance, the Pope kissed Melendez and instructed him to continue “giving hope” through his music. Although the guitar accompaniment of confessional, singer-songwriter music is rarely considered virtuosic, Tony Melendez's bodily difference makes his ability to sonically pass as what he calls a “common player” an impactful display of skill for his audiences. Because Melendez's body is treated as simultaneously virtuosic and disabled, his example foregrounds the social construction of both categories and challenges the tendency to isolate either in the individual body. Rather than suggesting a sort of qualified approach to “disabled” virtuosity, this article argues that there is no such thing as unqualified virtuosity. The presumed limitations and possibilities of bodies, instruments, and repertoires always inform our understandings of skill, but we are not always explicitly aware of them. Through interviews and analysis of his performances and their media representations, I show how bodily difference and the complex subject positions of both performers and audiences contribute to what counts as skill, creative labor, and agency within a particular context.

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