Measuring Social Norms in Economics: Why It Is Important and How It Is Done

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-312
Author(s):  
Daniele Nosenzo ◽  
Luise Görges
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Experimental Economics ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Research Projects

Abstract Experimental economics offers new tools for the measurement of social norms. In this article, we argue that these advances have the potential to promote our understanding of human behavior in fundamental ways, by expanding our knowledge beyond what we learn by simply observing human behavior. We highlight how these advancements can inform not only economic and social theory, but also policymaking.We then describe and critically assess three approaches used in economics to measure social norms. We conclude our overview with a list of recommendations to help empirical researchers choose among the different tools, depending on the nature and constraints of their research projects.

Summary

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Gintis
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Correlated Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Concept ◽  
Correlated Equilibria ◽  
Indispensable Tool

This chapter summarizes the book's main points, covering game theory, the commonality of beliefs, the limits of rationality, social norms as correlated equilibria, and how reason is bounded by sociality, not irrationality. Among the conclusions are that game theory is an indispensable tool in modeling human behavior. Behavioral disciplines that reject or peripheralize game theory are theoretically handicapped. The Nash equilibrium is not the appropriate equilibrium concept for social theory. The correlated equilibrium is the appropriate equilibrium concept for a set of rational individuals having common priors. Social norms are correlated equilibria. The behavioral disciplines today have four incompatible models of human behavior. The behavioral sciences must develop a unified model of choice that eliminates these incompatibilities and that can be specialized in different ways to meet the heterogeneous needs of the various disciplines.

scholarly journals SOSIAL CONTROL : SIFAT DAN SANKSI SEBAGAI SARANA KONTROL SOSIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Sudharma Putra
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Norms And Values

<p>Society in social life always there is a means in the form of control or control to regulate the various behavior or behavior anngota social group, It means that human behavior should be limited by the rules so that humans can know what to do and actions that should not be done. Behavior that is governed means a limit of values ??and norms deviant and antisocial. Con- versely, the behaviors that are ordered mean that they contain values ??and norms that are komformis. Prevention or handling efforts for the community not to violate the rules, then within the community group must have a set of values ??and norms is none other than to prevent or reduce the violation of the rules. This is called the form of social control. When looking at the function of social control that applies to the life of the community, is to develop a fear that someone not to do acts that are not in accordance with the values ??and norms that apply, and provide compensation for people who comply with the values ??and norms -the prevailing norms so as to reinforce a sense of confidence in society that the value is supposed to be adhered to for the life of society towards the better. And able to create a legal system (the rules are formally formulated with the sanctions contained in it). From these limitations, it can be interpreted that social control is a designed or not designed and controlled means and process aimed at engag- ing, educating, and even forcing citizens to comply with prevailing social norms and values.</p>

Research at Stony Brook: Political Science in a Biobehavioral Laboratory

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Calvin Andrus
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Research ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Laboratory Facilities ◽  
Conducting Research

Political behavior, like all human behavior, can be studied using the S–O–R paradigm, where S is a particular stimulus, 0 is the human organism, and R is a response or behavior (cf. Tursky, Lodge, and Cross, 1976). Here at the Laboratory for Behavioral Research at Stony Brook we are currently conducting research projects that investigate each of these components of the paradigm and the interactions among them. Before reviewing these projects, however, I will briefly describe our laboratory facilities.

Incentivized Measurement of Social Norms Using Coordination Games

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Hande Erkut
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Coordination Games ◽  
Reliable Methods

AbstractSocial norms are important determinants of behavior. Hence, we need reliable methods to identify them in order to increase the predictive and explanatory power of models that aim to predict human behavior. In this paper, I will focus on a norm measurement method proposed by Krupka and Weber. In particular, I will discuss whether social norms elicited using this method are malleable, and whether these norms are good predictors of behavior.

scholarly journals NELAYAN SEBAGAI IDE PENCIPTAAN TARI TAREK PUKAT DALAM KAJIAN INTERAKSI SIMBOLIK

Imaji ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriani Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The Social

Tarek Pukat merupakan salah satu dari bentuk kesenian yang merupakan wujud kebudayaan hasil olah pikir, gagasan masyarakat pesisir Aceh. Tarek Pukat adalah gambaran aktivitas masyarakat pesisir yang memiliki rasa keindahan (estetika) yang ditimbulkan dari gerak, syair, dan musik. Setiap komponen terdapat kearifan lokal yang memiliki makna, isi pesan tentang norma-norma sosial, nilai-nilai budaya, dan sebagai wujud kebudayaan yang mengatur sistem sosial dalam menata aktivitas kehidupan sosial masyarakatnya. Interaksi simbolik lebih menekankan studinya tentang perilaku manusia pada hubungan interpersonal, bukan pada keseluruhan kelompok atau masyarakat. Proporsi paling mendasar dari interaksi simbolik adalah perilaku dan interaksi manusia itu dapat dibedakan, karena ditampilkan lewat simbol dan maknanya. Mencari makna dibalik yang sensual menjadi penting didalam interaksi simbolis. Tari Tarek Pukat ini difungsikan sebagai bentuk apresiasi terhadap budaya dan tradisi masyarakat Aceh pesisir, khususnya saat menangkap ikan di laut. Tarian ini dimaknai sebagai gambaran sikap gotong royong. Kata Kunci: Tarek Pukat, Interaksi Simbolik FISHERMAN AS THE IDEA OF CREATION OF TAREK PUKAT DANCE IN SYMBOLIC INTERACTION STUDYAbstractTarek Pukat is one of arts which is formed of cultural thoughts, or ideas of coastal communities of Aceh. Tarek Pukat describes coastal community activities that have a sense of beauty (aesthetics) arising from motion, poetry, and music. Each component has a local wisdom that has a meaning, a message content about social norms, cultural values, and cultural forms that regulate the social life of the community. Symbolic interaction focuses more on the study of human behavior on interpersonal relationships, not on the whole group or society. The most fundamental proportion of symbolic interaction is that human behavior and interaction can be distinguished, because of events through symbols and their meaning. Seeking the meaning behind the sensuality becomes important in symbolic interaction. Tarek Pukat dance is functioned as a form of appreciation of the culture and traditions of coastal communities, especially when fishing in the sea. This dance is interpreted as a picture of mutual cooperation.Keywords: Tarek Pukat, Symbolic Interaction

scholarly journals Perjuangan Perempuan Bangsawan Bali Dalam Mempertahankan Martabat Dan Harga Diri

ATAVISME ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Dara Windiyarti
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
Other Woman

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji perjuangan perempuan bangsawan Bali mempertahankan martabat dan harga dirinya dalam cerpen “Sagra” karya Oka Rusmini yang terbit tahun 2004. Dalam cerpen ini, perempuan berusaha menempatkan dirinya sesuai dengan status sosialnya masing-masing. Teori yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah teori psikoanalisis sosial. Dalam teori ini dijelaskan bahwa tingkah laku manusia sebagian besar digerakan oleh daya-daya psikodinamik seperti motif-­motif, konflik-­konflik, dan kecemasan-kecemasan. Dijelaskan pula bahwa dalam diri manusia terdapat kebutuhan-kebutuhan yang bersifat dualistik, yang dapat dipenuhi dengan mengembangkan kesadaran. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik kepustakaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah deskriptif analisis. Pembahasan ini menghasilkan hal-­hal berikut. Pertama, adanya kondisi eksistensi tokoh perempuan yang dilematis, menciptakan berbagai peristiwa yang mendorong munculnya konflik batin tokoh-tokoh perempuan lainnya. Kedua, tindakan‐tindakan melalui pendekatan humanistik yang dilakukan tokoh perempuan bangsawan mampu mengurangi konflik batinnya dan mempertahankan martabat dan harga dirinya. Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the Balinese noblewomen's struggle in maintaining their dignity and selfesteem in the short story "Sagra" by Oka Rusmini published in 2004. In this short story, the women tried to put themself according to their own social status. The theory used in this study is the social theory of psychoanalysis. This theory explains that human behavior is largely driven by forces such as psychodynamic motives, conflicts, and anxieties. It is also explained that human beings have dualistic needs which can be satisfied by developing awareness. The data were collected by using librarian technique. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis. This discussion results in the following points. First, there is a condition in which a dilemmatic female figure exists; it creates a variety of events that encourage inner conflict of other woman figures. Secondly, the actions undertaken through a humanistic approach by female noble characters are able to reduce their inner conflicts and maintain their dignity and pride. Key Words: woman struggle; maintaining pride and dignity; social psychoanalysis

scholarly journals Compliance with COVID-19 Mitigation Measures in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin van Rooij ◽  
Anne Leonore de Bruijn ◽  
Christopher Reinders Folmer ◽  
Emmeke Barbara Kooistra ◽  
Malouke Esra Kuiper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Fundamental Shift

The COVID-19 mitigation measures require a fundamental shift in human behavior. The present study assesses what factors influence Americans to comply with the stay at home and social distancing measures. It analyzes data from an online survey, conducted on April 3, 2020, of 570 participants from 35 states that have adopted such measures. The results show that while perceptual deterrence was not associated with compliance, people actually comply less when they fear the authorities. Further, two broad processes promote compliance. First, compliance depended on people’s capacity to obey the rules, opportunity to break the rules, and self-control. As such, compliance results from their own personal abilities and the context in which they live. Second, compliance depended on people’s intrinsic motivations, including substantive moral support and social norms. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for ensuring compliance to effectively mitigate the virus.

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