Sanctions and the insurance industry: challenges, risks and opportunities

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-451
Author(s):  
Matthew Moran ◽  
Daniel Salisbury

Scholars and policymakers tend to see economic sanctions as an important tool of coercive diplomacy, even if the effectiveness of sanctions in changing the policies of target states remains highly contested. Though much of the research on sanctions focuses on their effects at the state level, this article argues that analyzing their effectiveness must begin with the industrial sectors they are meant to affect. Through analysis of restrictive measures currently in place against Iran, this article explores the impact of sanctions at the working level within the insurance industry, drawing on qualitative data gathered as part of a recent workshop funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and industry partners.

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-294
Author(s):  
Stuart Wallace

This paper analyses the legal protection of the journalist–source relationship from both sides and the underlying interests involved. The paper begins by analysing why the relationship deserves protection. The position of journalists at common law is analysed with a discussion of the application of the principle established in Norwich Pharmacal v Customs and Excise to journalists. The development of immunity from contempt in s. 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 is examined to illustrate the ideological clash between the judiciary and journalists. The impact of the Human Rights Act and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights are analysed to assess whether this will lead to a change in attitudes in the UK. Finally, the potential threat to journalists posed by compelled evidentiary disclosure in criminal cases is reviewed, with a particular look at ‘special procedure’ material. The US section begins with an analysis of the law at federal level, the decisions of the Supreme Court, including the leading decision of Branzburg v Hayes, as well as the role the legislature has played. The paper then analyses protections provided at state level, with a case study of the California shield law and a review of Californian jurisprudence.


2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica García Quesada

AbstractFailures of compliance with European Union (EU) directives have revealed the EU as a political system capable of enacting laws in a wide range of different policy areas, but facing difficulties to ensure their actual implementation. Although the EU relies on national enforcement agencies to ensure compliance with the EU legislation, there is scarce analysis of the differential deterrent effect of national enforcement in EU law compliance. This article examines the enforcement of an EU water directive, the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, in Spain and the UK. It focuses on the existing national sanctions for disciplining actors in charge of complying with EU requirements, and on the actual use of punitive sanctions. The analysis shows that a more comprehensive and active disciplinary regime at the national level contributes to explain a higher degree of compliance with EU law. The article calls for a detailed examination of the national administrative and criminal sanction system for a more comprehensive understanding of the incentives and disincentives to comply with EU law at the national state level.


2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawla Badwan ◽  
James Simpson

AbstractThe sociolinguistics of globalisation, as an emerging paradigm, focuses on the impact of mobility on the linguistic capital of mobile individuals. To understand this, Blommaert advocates a scalar approach to language arguing that some people’s repertoires “will allow mobility while others will not” (2010. The sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 23) and proposing high scale, low scale orderings. In this paper we introduce an ecological orientation to sociolinguistic scale that challenges the fixity of a high/low scale distinction by conceptually drawing on the notions of flat ontology (Marston et al. 2005. Human geography without scale. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 30(4). 416–432) and exchange value (Heller. 2010. The commodification of language. Annual Review of Anthropology 39. 101–114). We do this in relation to Study Abroad (SA) contexts, which offer spaces for investigating how mobility influences the exchange value of individuals’ linguistic repertoires. The study speaks to a broader project in social research which emphasises the agency, subjectivity and criticality of the individual and stresses the complex and rhizomatic nature of social interaction. Drawing on moment analysis (Li. 2011. Moment Analysis and translanguaging space: Discursive construction of identities by multilingual Chinese youth in Britain. Journal of Pragmatics 43. 1222–1235), we examine the experiences of two study abroad students in the UK. These include tellings of critical and reflective moments through which we interpret their experience of how the interplay of language, place and ecology of interaction results in constant, dynamic changes in the exchange value of their English repertoires. Our contribution is to show how an ecological orientation and a flat, rather than stratified, ontology enables insights into language use and globalisation in a way that empowers multilingual, mobile individuals.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Spicer ◽  
Leah Moyle ◽  
Ross Coomber

AbstractA form of criminal exploitation rarely mentioned in the academic literature has recently emerged, evolved and taken meaningful hold in the UK. Hundreds of cases of ‘cuckooing’ have been reported, where heroin and crack cocaine dealers associated with the so-called ‘County Lines’ supply methodology have taken over the homes of local residents and created outposts to facilitate their supply operations in satellite locations. Dominant narratives surrounding this practice have stressed its exploitative nature and the vulnerabilities of those involved. Combining qualitative data from two studies, this paper critically analyses the model of cuckooing and the experiences of those affected. In turn it explores the impact of County Lines on affected areas and local populations, a topic that has received little academic scrutiny. Four typologies of cuckooing are constructed, highlighting its variance and complexity. Findings also suggest it to be a growing method of criminal exploitation beyond drug supply with a possible burgeoning presence being realised internationally.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S559-S559
Author(s):  
Darina V Petrovsky ◽  
Jamie N Justice

Abstract This ESPO Presidential Symposium features a multidisciplinary perspective and recent scientific advances made by early career researchers from each of the GSA scientific sections. They will provide examples of how their work is addressing ways to build and maintain networks in aging and gerontological workforce. These talks will span research on the age-associated transcriptional networks (Biological Sciences, Kulkarni), enhancing care for persons with dementia using a professional healthcare network (Health Sciences, Kovaleva), ways to maintain care networks in nursing home residents (Behavioral and Social Sciences, Kennedy), exploring the impact of social isolation in older adults on the Autism Spectrum (Social Research, Policy, and Practice, Waldron) and reflections on a project that linked aging education and student involvement within the aging network at the state level (Academy for Gerontology in Higher Education, Stephenson). These talks will demonstrate the diversity of aims, strategies, methodologies, and tools employed across disciplines. In addition, these early career researchers will share how they use networks in their own disciplines to advance their science with the goal of building an independent program of research. We will conclude with a discussion on ways to identify synergies across different fields and promote strategies for successful cross-discipline collaboration.


2001 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTORIA STORY ◽  
GARETH SMITH ◽  
JIM SAKER

While previous research studies describe a broad set of factors that discriminate between new product success and failure, much of the past and current research remains exploratory in nature (Cooper & Kleinschmidt, 1987; Montoya-Weiss & Calantone, 1994). The suggestion is that researchers, in looking to generalise, have actually been describing findings that are "averaging" over a number of areas, such as Dimensions of Success and Industry boundaries (Cooper & Kleinschmidt, 1993; Craig & Hart, 1992; Griffin & Page, 1993). This may well provide some explanation as to why, despite the very consistent findings of many past studies, failure rates are still high (Kleinschmidt & Cooper, 1995). This paper aims to provide more detailed insights into the development process activities within a single sector, the UK automotive components industry. This sector is particularly important as it is the main source of NPD activity for one of the world's largest industrial sectors, namely the automotive assembly market (Ford, GM, etc.). The paper addresses the "averaging" issue by using qualitative research to compare and contrast NPD processes in this sector with those suggested by extant (generalised) NPD literature to confirm that the measures used are valid for this particular industry context. The research identifies similarities but also significant differences. This suggests that the general measures used to assess NPD projects are not sufficiently detailed to analyse this chosen sector, which casts doubt over the applicability of these general NPD measures in other single industry settings. The findings confirm the need for this "intermediate" stage in the research process prior to undertaking quantitative research to evaluate the impact of the issues identified on performance, as described in the future research section.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Martinelli ◽  
Sam Thrower ◽  
Andrew Heyes ◽  
Ian Boardley ◽  
Susan H Backhouse ◽  
...  

Background: Although a precise percentage of athletes doping has remained elusive, evidence to date suggest that the majority of athletes are ‘clean’. Protecting clean sport, and the rights of athletes to a clean sport environment, is at the centre of anti-doping policies. To better support and enable clean athletes and sport, an understanding of the clean athlete lifeworld is required. This study explores and discusses several ways that clean athletes have been and are affected by doping and anti-doping. Methods: Qualitative Secondary Analysis (QSA) was used to re-analyse and interpret 13 focus group transcripts generated from the ‘Research-Embedded Strategic Plan for Anti-Doping Education Clean Sport Alliance Initiative for Tackling Doping’ (RESPECT) project to explore the impact of doping and anti-doping on clean athletes (see Petroczi et al. 2021). The sample in the parent study included 82 self-declared clean elite athletes, active and recently retired, from Germany (n=23) Ireland (n=14), the Netherlands (n=15), Slovenia (n=14), and the UK (n=16), who collectively represented 36 different sports. Results: Reflexive thematic analysis generated three themes. The first overarching theme captured the harm done by clean athletes having to coexist with dopers (i.e., denied medals, money, moments and memories; altered expectations and perceptions of the self; incite suspicion). The second overarching theme highlighted how clean athletes are undermined by lenient and poor treatment of dopers and clean athletes respectively. The third overarching theme described the anxiety experienced by clean athletes over mistakes that could lead to anti-doping rules violations. Conclusion: The impacts of doping on clean athletes - direct or indirect - are experienced by all clean athletes in some way. The results indicate that current approaches to anti-doping rule compliance frequently undermine clean athletes and the perceive legitimacy of the anti-doping system. With considerable qualitative data on athletes’ views available, secondary data analysis offers a cost effective, quick, and feasible approach for anti-doping research.


2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-2

Personal Narratives of AgeingPersonal Narratives of Ageing: This paper presents personal narratives reflecting on the ageing process, and growing older in the UK.This presentation reflects on self-written narratives from 170 respondents to a mass observation directive, focusing on the experiences of growing older. Narrative methods are theoretically and methodologically diverse, and are helpful in social research to understand events or happenings in human lives. This data presents accounts from a heterogeneous sample in the form of self-penned responses. These experience-centred narratives bring stories of personal understanding into being by means of the first-person description of past, present, future or imaginary experiences of later life. This presentation will focus on the findings with reference to mental and physical and impacts, both real and anticipated to the ageing experience. We will also explore themes arising from the data including gender differences, age-cohort effects and stigma.The data should be utilised to inform Health and Social Care education and practice, particularly in co-producing appropriate person-centred services with older people.The Health Impact of Financial Fraud: ‘Scams’The Health Impact of financial fraud: This presentation will offer new and alternative insights into fraud and the health effects on older people, using data from the mass observation directive. The term utilised for such crimes in the UK is ‘Scam’.The paper reports data captured from a Mass Observation Project “Directive” focusing on ‘scams’ (see the UK definition of ‘scam’ below) and the impact on individuals. One hundred and forty-four ‘Observers’ responded to the ‘Directive’. Narratives indicate that victimisation to a scam may have negative impacts on individuals’ mental wellbeing, self-esteem, and relationships with others. Furthermore, data analysis identified that fear of victimisation can also affect individuals, resulting in worry, anxiety, and maladaptive coping strategies.Offering further understanding of the health impacts of ‘scams’ highlights the necessity to legitimise the issue as a public health concern.A scam is interpreted to be: a misleading or deceptive business practice where you receive an unsolicited or uninvited contact (for example by email, letter, phone or ad) and false promises are made to con you out of money (Office of Fair Trading 2006).Perceptions of DementiaPerceptions of Dementia: This paper (Exploring public perceptions and understanding of dementia: Analysing narratives from the Mass Observation Project, (Olsen et al 2019) presents a perspective on the public knowledge and understanding about dementia not previously considered, where respondents have written openly about their own experiences, and reflected on their perception of the wider public’s knowledge and understanding about dementia.This paper considers narratives of 143 respondents (“Observers”) to a Mass Observation Project Directive exploring individuals’ perceptions of dementia. Perceptions of dementia held by “Observers” with experience of dementia and those without differed sharply. “Observers” with experience of dementia offered insight into living with, and caring for, a person with dementia; including the impact this had on their lives and personal relationships. Whereas, “Observers” with no direct experience of dementia focused more on common disease symptoms, such as memory loss and reflected idealised views of care. “Observers” often feared being diagnosed with dementia themselves. This suggests education to facilitate care planning and ameliorate fears held by the public is required.Previously, perceptions of dementia have been captured utilising traditional research methods and samples drawn mainly from professionals. This new approach identifies public understanding of dementia, highlighting areas concern, and supplements the existing UKOlsen, V., Taylor, L., Whitely, K., Ellerton, A., Kingston, P. & Bailey, J. Exploring public perceptions and understanding of dementia: Analysing narratives from the Mass Observation Project. Dementia: The International Journal of Social Research and Practice.https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301219861468.End of life careThis paper considers narratives from two Mass Observation Directives exploring individuals’ perceptions of dementia (n=143) and personal narratives of ageing (n=170). ‘End of Life Care’ has, in a UK context, focused on care and support for individuals in the last months or years of their life. Care planning and management of this stage in the life course usually incorporates symptom management and emotional support for the individual, the family and carers. Whilst patient choice, involvement and co-production of the care plan is widely advocated to promote a dignified death, responses to the mass observation directives also reflect the need to revisit the options for individuals with a diagnosis of dementia and other life limiting illness. There was, in particular, a renewed call to return to the ‘euthanasia’ debate and to encourage discussion and end of life decisions to be undertaken earlier in the life course, prior to any diagnosis of a life limiting illness. As people’s attitudes and behaviours towards end of life care planning change, it is imperative to ascertain current perspectives to inform and guide future direction of social policy and services.


2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4 (178)) ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Trąbka ◽  
Iga Wermińska-Wiśnicka

Ambiguous impact of Brexit on young Poles living in the United Kingdom The paper aims to analyse the impact of Brexit on the social anchoring of young Poles in the United Kingdom in four spheres of their lives: decision and return plans; application for British citizenship; buying properties; well-being and life satisfaction. The article is based on research conducted within the project „CEEYouth: The comparative study of young migrants from Poland and Lithuania in the context of Brexit”. We also handle statistics data from the Office for National Statistics as well as qualitative data from three waves of Qualitative Longitudinal Research of 41 young (aged 19–34) Polish post-accession migrants in the UK. We find that it is hard to unambiguously assess the impact of Brexit on the mentioned spheres of young Poles’ lives. Firstly, it is caused by the fact that different sources of data show results which are contrasting and secondly, the reactions of people are dynamically changing within the lapse of time. Therefore, it could be surely said that Brexit has impacted the lives of young Polish migrants, but it has caused neither mass return, nor the general willingness to naturalise. Although the results of the Brexit referendum have caused disturbance amid many Poles, it has not impacted their life decisions or, according to statistics, their well-being.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Catherine Houghton ◽  
Megan McCarthy ◽  
Katie Gillies ◽  
Nikki Rousseau ◽  
Julia Wade ◽  
...  

Background: Data sharing enables researchers to conduct novel research with previously collected data sets, thus maximising scientific findings and cost effectiveness, and reducing research waste. The value of sharing anonymised data from clinical trials is well recognised with a moderated access approach recommended. While substantial challenges to data sharing remain, there are additional challenges for qualitative data. Qualitative data including videos, interviews, and observations are often more readily identifiable than quantitative data. Existing guidance from UK Economic and Social Research Council applies to sharing qualitative data but does not address the additional challenges related to sharing qualitative data collected within trials, including the need to incorporate the necessary information and consent into already complex recruitment processes, with the additional sensitive nature of health-related data. Methods: Work package 1 will involve separate focus group interviews with members of each stakeholder group: trial managers, clinical trialists, qualitative researchers, members of research funding bodies and trial participants who have been involved in qualitative research. Data will be analysed using thematic analysis and managed within QSR NVivo to enhance transparency. Work package 2 will involve a documentary analysis of current consent procedures for qualitative data collected as part of the conduct of clinical trials. We will include documents such as participant information leaflets and consent forms for the qualitative components in trials. We will extract data such as whether specific clauses for data sharing are included in the consent form. Content analysis will be used to analyse whether and how consent is being obtained for qualitative data sharing. Conclusions: This study will provide insight into the existing practice of sharing of qualitative data in clinical trials and the current issues and opportunities, to help shape future research and development of guidance to encourage maximum learning to be gained from this valuable data.


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