Neuroendocrine regulation of salivary IgA synthesis and secretion: implications for oral health

2004 ◽  
Vol 385 (12) ◽  
pp. 1137-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijnand Teeuw ◽  
Jos A. Bosch ◽  
Enno C.I. Veerman ◽  
Arie V. Nieuw Amerongen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Neuroendocrine Regulation ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Regulation Of Synthesis ◽  
Regulation Of Secretion ◽  
Neuroendocrine Functioning ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

AbstractSecretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) represents the main adaptive immune mechanism in the oral cavity. The regulation of secretion and synthesis of S-IgA is not only dependent on prior antigenic stimulation, but is also under strong neuroendocrine control. Thus, alterations in neuroendocrine functioning (such as induced by stress, exercise, pregnancy, menstrual cycle, and pharmacological interventions) may affect salivary IgA levels. This review deals with the neuroendocrine regulation of synthesis and secretion of salivary IgA and its potential role in the maintenance of oral health.

scholarly journals The immune landscape of IgA induction in the gut

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Seikrit ◽  
Oliver Pabst
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Antibody Isotype ◽  
Mucosal Antibody ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

AbstractAntibodies are key elements of protective immunity. In the mucosal immune system in particular, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), the most abundantly produced antibody isotype, protects against infections, shields the mucosal surface from toxins and environmental factors, and regulates immune homeostasis and a peaceful coexistence with our microbiota. However, the dark side of IgA biology promotes the formation of immune complexes and provokes pathologies, e.g., IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The precise mechanisms of how IgA responses become deregulated and pathogenic in IgAN remain unresolved. Yet, as the field of microbiota research moved into the limelight, our basic understanding of IgA biology has been taking a leap forward. Here, we discuss the structure of IgA, the anatomical and cellular foundation of mucosal antibody responses, and current concepts of how we envision the interaction of SIgA and the microbiota. We center on key concepts in the field while taking account of both historic findings and exciting new observations to provide a comprehensive groundwork for the understanding of IgA biology from the perspective of a mucosal immunologist.

scholarly journals Colonisation Factor CD0873, an Attractive Oral Vaccine Candidate against Clostridioides difficile

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Cansu Karyal ◽  
Jaime Hughes ◽  
Michelle L. Kelly ◽  
Jeni C. Luckett ◽  
Philip V. Kaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Mucosal Antibody ◽  
Gut Pathogens ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

Clostridioides difficile is the main cause of health-care-associated infectious diarrhoea. Toxins, TcdA and TcdB, secreted by this bacterium damage colonic epithelial cells and in severe cases this culminates in pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon and death. Vaccines in human trials have focused exclusively on the parenteral administration of toxin-based formulations. These vaccines promote toxin-neutralising serum antibodies but fail to confer protection from infection in the gut. An effective route to immunise against gut pathogens and stimulate a protective mucosal antibody response (secretory immunoglobulin A, IgA) at the infection site is the oral route. Additionally, oral immunisation generates systemic antibodies (IgG). Using this route, two different antigens were tested in the hamster model: The colonisation factor CD0873 and a TcdB fragment. Animals immunised with CD0873 generated a significantly higher titre of sIgA in intestinal fluid and IgG in serum compared to naive animals, which significantly inhibited the adherence of C. difficile to Caco-2 cells. Following challenge with a hypervirulent isolate, the CD0873-immunised group showed a mean increase of 80% in time to experimental endpoint compared to naïve animals. Survival and body condition correlated with bacterial clearance and reduced pathology in the cecum. Our findings advocate CD0873 as a promising oral vaccine candidate against C. difficile.

scholarly journals Fecal Antibodies to Cryptosporidium parvum in Healthy Volunteers

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 5068-5074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Dann ◽  
Pablo C. Okhuysen ◽  
Bassam M. Salameh ◽  
Herbert L. DuPont ◽  
Cynthia L. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Oocyst Excretion ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

ABSTRACT This study examined the intestinal antibody response in 26 healthy volunteers challenged with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Fecal extracts were assayed for total secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and C. parvum-specific IgA reactivity. Specific IgA reactivity was standardized to IgA concentration and expressed as a reactivity index (RI). Anti-C. parvum fecal IgA (fIgA) increased significantly in 17 of 26 (65.4%) following oocyst ingestion. Of those with detectable responses, 59, 76.5, and 94.1% were positive by days 7, 14, and 30, respectively. Volunteers receiving high challenge doses (>1,000 and 300 to 500 oocysts) had higher RIs (RI = 5.57 [P = 0.027] and RI = 1.68 [P = 0.039], respectively) than those ingesting low doses (30 to 100 oocysts; RI = 0.146). Subjects shedding oocysts and experiencing a diarrheal illness had the highest fIgA reactivity. When evaluated separately, oocyst excretion was associated with an increased fIgA response compared to nonshedders (RI = 1.679 versus 0.024, respectively; P = 0.003). However, in subjects experiencing diarrhea with or without oocyst shedding, a trend toward a higher RI (P = 0.065) was seen. Extracts positive for fecal IgA were further examined for IgA subclass. The majority of stools contained both IgA1 and IgA2, and the relative proportions did not change following challenge. Also, no C. parvum-specific IgM or IgG was detected in fecal extracts. Thus, fecal IgA to C. parvum antigens was highly associated with infection in subjects who had no evidence of previous exposure and may provide a useful tool in detecting recent infections.

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