scholarly journals Do Labor Market Regulations Affect the Link between Innovation and Employment? Evidence from Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Baensch ◽  
Maria Laura Lanzalot ◽  
Giulia Lotti ◽  
Rodolfo Stucchi
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Severance Payments ◽  
Labor Market Regulations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract This paper sheds light on how labor market regulations affect the relationship between different types of innovation and employment in Latin America. We estimate the effect of process and product innovation on employment growth using Enterprise Surveys for 14 Latin American countries. We calculate the model for the whole sample and then classify countries according to the rigidness of their labor market regulations. We find that: (i) product innovations have a positive impact on employment growth; (ii) process innovations do not affect employment growth; and (iii) more rigid labor market regulations (minimum wages and severance payments) reduce the effects of innovation.

scholarly journals Intangible assets and business performance in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cristina Lopes ◽  
Luciana Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Business World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intangible Resources ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

Purpose The intangible assets of a company have been presented by national and international surveys as a resource to influence the creation of value and the increase in organizational performance. In view of this, this study aims to analyze the relationship between intangibility and the performance of companies in Latin America. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, multiple regression with panel data was used and three perspectives for measuring intangible resources were defined: representativeness of the intangible asset, accounting measure for measuring the intangible, degree of intangibility and Tobin’ Q, the latter two representing economic and financial measures to determine intangibility. The study covered the period from 2011 to 2017 with a sample of 1,236 publicly traded companies located in some Latin American countries, namely, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Findings The results demonstrated the existence of a significant and positive relationship between the variables of intangibility, degree of intangibility and Tobin’s Q, and the performance variables, return on assets, operating margin and asset turnover, reinforcing the study hypothesis that the greater the investment in intangible resource, the greater the company’s performance. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study involve the lack of complete information about intangible resources in the financial statements of some companies and some countries, making it hard to analyze the proposed relationship more broadly and accurately. Another limitation involves the causal relationship that may have existed between the regressors of the models defined in the study and their error, thus generating an endogeneity problem in the proposed models. It is recommended for future research to use specific methods to mitigate possible problems of endogeneity in regressions. Practical implications Mainly the possibility of deepening the relationship between intangibility and business performance, thus obtaining new knowledge through the reflexes of this relationship on companies in Latin American countries, finding more consistent results. Social implications The study contributes to the decision-making process in the business world by informing the primary users of accounting information such as investors, administrators, accountants, regulators and creditors. Originality/value This research contributes by addressing a theme whose studies present many gaps, making it possible to deepen the relationship between intangibility and business performance and gain new knowledge through the reflexes of this relationship on companies in Latin American countries.

Corporate governance and firm performance in Latin America: a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Schwartz Maranho ◽  
Ricardo Leal
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

Purpose The relationship between the role played by corporate governance (CG) mechanisms and shareholder wealth is an important and mature topic in some countries and regions. However, despite the considerable number of studies, the results are still inconclusive. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate around the theme in Latin America through a meta-analysis. Design/methodology/approach The study used meta-analytic procedures to review 42 articles produced by researchers from Latin American countries, whose samples were composed of Latin American firms. Findings The results suggest that CG best practices are associated with better Latin American firm performance. The evidence also suggests that results are moderated by the characteristics of boards of directors, the ownership, and control structure and various simultaneous CG mechanisms, through broad indices and special CG trading segments. Originality/Value The relationship between GC and firm performance possesses certain peculiarities in the case of Latin American countries and the literature on the region is certainly not as abundant and mature. As most of the articles reviewed were written in Portuguese and Spanish and published in local journals, the consolidation produced should also be useful for researchers throughout the world by enabling them to access their ideas.

scholarly journals GASTO PÚBLICO Y CRECIMIENTO EN AMÉRICA LATINA: LA LEY DE WAGNER Y LA HIPÓTESIS DE KEYNES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (316) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ramírez Cedillo ◽  
Francisco López Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

<p>Se analiza la relación del crecimiento económico con el gasto público de 16 países latinoamericanos de 1990 a 2017. Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura sobre el tema enfocándose en la región. Los resultados de un modelo para paneles cointegrados respaldan la ley de Wagner en el largo plazo y brindan evidencia parcial a favor de las hipótesis de Keynes en el corto plazo.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">PUBLIC SPENDING AND GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA:</p><p align="center">WAGNER´S LAW AND KEYNES’S HYPOTHESIS<strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The relationship between economic growth and public spending in 16 Latin American countries from 1990 to 2017 is analyzed. This paper contributes to the literature on the subject focusing on the region. The results from a model of cointegrated panels support Wagner’s Law in the long term and provides partial evidence in favor of the Keynesian hypotheses in the short term.</p>

scholarly journals APORTES Y RELEVANCIA DE COMISIONES NACIONALES EN MACROECONOMÍA Y SALUD PARA PAÍSES DE AMÉRICA LATINA

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (53) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Armando Arredondo López
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
The World ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

RESUMEN El presente artículo incluye los principales planteamientos sobre las experiencias y balances de las Comisiones Nacionales en Macroeconomía y Salud (CMES), centrando su análisis en la pertinencia y relevancia para los países de América Latina. A manera de introducción, la primera parte plantea algunas premisas de las relaciones entre reforma en salud, inversión y desarrollo, como parte del eje central que abordan las CMES en los países. Posteriormente, se dan los principales antecedentes, lineamientos, conformación e implementación de tales comisiones en el mundo y en países de América Latina. La segunda parte del documento incluye el análisis de aportes y avances de metas y estrategias como objeto de análisis de tales comisiones: indicadores de mortalidad, indicadores de financiamiento/inversión e indicadores de generación de conocimiento. Finalmente, a manera de conclusión se plantean de manera explícita las principales reflexiones a partir del desarrollo de las CMES y de las tendencias de los indicadores revisados, así como una lista de sugerencias a manera de lecciones aprendidas que podrían ser retomadas para el redimensionamiento de las comisiones ya implementadas; o bien, para la implementación de nuevas comisiones en países donde aún se encuentran de manera incipiente. ABSTRACT This article covers the main approaches based on the experience and reports of the National Commissions on Macroeconomics and Health (CMES), focusing their analysis on the relevance and significance for the Latin American countries. As an introduction, the first part of this paper poses some premises of the relationship between health reform, investment, and development as part of the central axis that the CMES approach in the countries. After that, the main background, guidelines, creation, and implementation of such commissions in the world and in Latin America are given. The second part of this document includes an analysis of contributions and goals and strategies advancement as an object of analysis of such committees: mortality, finance/investment, and knowledge generation indicators. Finally, as a conclusion, there is a detailed explanation of the main reflections from the development of the CMES and trends of the revised indicators, as well as a list of suggestions that can be considered as learned lessons that could be retaken up for the remodeling of the already implemented commissions or to the implementation of new committees in countries that have them still in a fledgling way.

scholarly journals SECURITY AND PEACE IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Paulo Gustavo Da Silva ◽  
Arnoldo Jose De Hoyos Guevara ◽  
Nilson Gonçalves Pereira Baptista ◽  
Lilian Cordeiro Praes
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Road ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

This work aims to analyze the relationship between security and peace and their present conditions in Latin America, based on the research of these issues in international publications in various media and data collection indicators available in studies with statistical reliability. There is also the goal of obtaining a set of indicators in the light of existing jobs and new contributions that may show the “state” of present Security and Peace conditions in Latin America and infer about the future of such conditions, with a view to proposing actions between and within countries of the region. The Security-Peace binomial presents us with a fundamental question regarding the relationship of cause and effect - the safety results from the peace or peace is a consequence of security? Independent-minded succeed or not answer this question we have to consider that the two factors have impacts on the wellness of the human being. Equal opportunities and valuing life are fundamental principles that pave the road to full citizenship in Latin America, and without which it won´t make sense any attempt to try to achieve security and peace. The Security Commission Hemispheric of the Organization of American States Permanent Council emphasizes in a recent meeting (March 2000) that among the premises for reformulation of the hemisphere’s security concept are “the need to recognize the close links between security, development and consolidation of democracy as well as the historical relationship between peace and democracy”. We are hence at a very special moment of our historical trajectory, where notorious disrespect for human rights are a frequent threat to populations of Latin American countries. Initiatives to education, focusing on children and youth, with heavy use of art and science, may make all the difference and create today a future of peace and security, based on fraternity among all peoples.

scholarly journals Education premiums and skilled migration: Lessons for an educational policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camelia Tigau ◽  
Bernardo Bolaños Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

This paper examines the relationship between skills prices (wage premiums) and inequality in migrant sending countries (mainly from Latin America) and explores the implications for education policies. Most of the evidence is based on the case of Mexico, a Latin American country that is also an Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development (OECD) member. Despite the belief that Latin American countries tend to pay less for their skilled workers than developed countries, they invest a considerable amount of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in education and sometimes in scholarships abroad. Therefore, our main question is: Are skill prices really so proportionately low in Latin America?  Likewise, what are the impacts of skills prices on migration in Latin America, and Mexico in particular? And, what is the importance of “brain drain” in terms of the relationship between migration and education? We find that despite the enormous inequality in the region, skills prices are not low. Furthermore, high expenditures on education combined with low skills prices do not necessarily result in brain drain. Other factors, such as perceptions of insecurity and corruption, have a stronger effect on the migration of Mexican professionals. Likewise, although high skills prices may lead to economic development, they may also increase social inequality, leading to greater brain drain. Therefore, the expansion of higher education is recommendable even if it reduces salaries and wage premiums in the short term. 

Crisis and poverty: With reference to Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
Hyevin Koo ◽  
Jinhwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Currency Crisis ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

This study analyzes the relationship between four types of economic crises and four poverty indices in an effort to determine which type of crisis most affects the poor, and find possible solutions. This study is particularly concerned with Latin American countries in which International Monetary Fund bailout programs have failed due to repeated crises, longer lasting inflation, and most of all poverty. The results indicate an apparent worsening trend in poverty measures due to the crises. Among several types of crises, debt crisis and currency crisis play larger roles than others, particularly with the headcount poverty ratio US$3.10.

scholarly journals The problems of the attracting of the foreign direct investments (FDI) in the top Latin American countries: Brazil, Mexico and Argentina

2016 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Olga Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

Thе article discusses the role of the top Latin American countries in the international flows of capital and its investment attractiveness. The emphasis is made on the role of the countries in international capital flows and the relationship between Russia and Latin America in terms of investment. The analysis revealed that Latin America is becoming to play more important role nowadays on the world economic map than it used to be. Many countries are increasing their investments in Latin America despite the fact that there are a lot of difficulties which deal with the level and the pace of the economic growth and development in this region

scholarly journals China and Latin America, from neo-colonialism to interdependence? Brazil Case

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Piedad Suarez Torres
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

Since the eighties, the relationship that China has developed with Latinomerica has been strengthened, becoming the third most important partner in the region. This regulation is not only the opening of a new market for China but varied opportunities for Latin-American countries. However, starting from the topic of natural resources and analyzing the case of Brazil, the article seeks to present how this relationship that in principle is framed in Neocolonialism, with interests merely of extraction and use of the resources of the region, can be considered a change towards a more equitable relationship framed in interdependence, from which the two parties can benefit.Desde los años ochenta, la relación que China ha desarrollado con Latinomerica se ha ido fortaleciendo, llegando a convertirse en el tercer socio mas importante de la region. Esta reglación no solo es la apertura de un nuevo mercado para China sino variadas oportunidades para los paises latinomaericnos. Sin embargo, partiendo del tema de los recursos natural y analizando el caso de Brasil, el artículo busca presentar cómo esta relación que en principo se enmarca en el Neocolonialismo, con intereses meramente de extracción  y aprovechamiento de los recursos de la region, se puede considerar un cambio hacia una relación más equitativa enmarcada en la interdependencia, de la cual las dos partes pueden ser beneficiadas.Desde os anos 80, o relacionamento que a China desenvolveu com a Latinomerica foi fortalecido, tornando-se o terceiro parceiro mais importante da região. Este regulamento não é apenas a abertura de um novo mercado para a China, mas oportunidades variadas para os países latino-americanos. No entanto, partindo do tema dos recursos naturais e analisando o caso do Brasil, o artigo procura apresentar como essa relação que em princípio se enquadra no Neocolonialismo, com interesses meramente de extração e uso dos recursos da região, pode ser considerada uma mudança em direção a um relacionamento mais equitativo emoldurado na interdependência, do qual as duas partes podem se beneficiar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document