scholarly journals Assessment of the genetic relationship of Turkish olives (Olea europaea subsp. europaea) cultivars based on cpDNA trnL-F regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ergun Kaya ◽  
Recep Vatansever ◽  
Ertugrul Filiz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Content Variable ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Olea Europaéa

AbstractThe olive tree (Olea europaeaL.) is one of the major cultivated species in the world, and Mediterranean countries produce about 90% of world cultivated olives. In this study, the genetic relationship of seven Turkish olive cultivars was investigated using non-codingtrnL-Fregions in chloroplastic genome. Cultivars demonstrated a similar sequence length of 330-340 bp with an average 35.26% G+C content. Variable (polymorphic/segregating), parsimony informative and total numbers of the insertion or the deletion of bases in the DNA (indel sites) were 4, 3, and 28, respectively. Nucleotide diversities π and θ were found as 0.00631 and 0.00644 respectively, while Tajima’s D was −0.786. cpDNAtrnL-Fregions of sequenced Turkish olive cultivars had a low level of genetic variations, and these non-coding regions were strictly conserved in all analyzed cultivars. Geographically distant shared more sequence similarities than relatively close cultivars. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that the biogeographic distribution of cultivars does not demonstrate any association inferring cultivar source. These results indicate the possibility of germplasm exchanges among countries or that some indel mutations contribute to variations of the Turkish olive gene pool. Thus, the authorities should develop the necessary programs to preserve the purity of native germplasms.

scholarly journals How to Choose a Good Marker to Analyze the Olive Germplasm (Olea europaea L.) and Derived Products

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
Sara Sion ◽  
Michele Antonio Savoia ◽  
Susanna Gadaleta ◽  
Luciana Piarulli ◽  
Isa Mascio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most cultivated crops in the Mediterranean basin. Its economic importance is mainly due to the intense production of table olives and oil. Cultivated varieties are characterized by high morphological and genetic variability and present a large number of synonyms and homonyms. This necessitates the introduction of a rapid and accurate system for varietal identification. In the past, the recognition of olive cultivars was based solely on analysis of the morphological traits, however, these are highly influenced by environmental conditions. Therefore, over the years, several methods based on DNA analysis were developed, allowing a more accurate and reliable varietal identification. This review aims to investigate the evolving history of olive tree characterization approaches, starting from the earlier morphological methods to the latest technologies based on molecular markers, focusing on the main applications of each approach. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of the advent of next generation sequencing and the recent sequencing of the olive genome on the strategies used for the development of new molecular markers.

scholarly journals Achievements and Challenges towards a Sustainable Conservation and Use of ‘Galega vulgar’ Olea europaea Variety

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1467
Author(s):  
Hélia Sales ◽  
João Nunes ◽  
Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Life Cycle Thinking ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Sustainable Conservation ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The cultivated Olea europaea L., or olive tree, is an ancient crop extremely relevant for the bioeconomy of Mediterranean countries, especially for Portugal. With orchard modernization, Portugal has the potential to become the third-largest producer of olive oil over the next decade. In this country, the main national variety is ‘Galega vulgar,’ characterized by an excellent olive oil quality, rusticity and tolerance to drought. Nevertheless, its production has suffered a reduction due to replacement by foreign varieties. The present narrative review offers an overall perspective of present gaps and challenges to the conservation and use of ‘Galega vulgar.’ Existing information about traditional and innovative olive production systems, and the importance of life cycle thinking approaches for a sustainable olive chain were synthesized, focusing particularly in the last 10 years. Furthermore, the olive molecular characterization advances and their breeding importance were also evaluated considering their application to this Portuguese variety. To ensure an efficient and sustainable exploitation of the ‘Galega vulgar,’ we propose that efforts should concentrate on the characterization of the existing variability and development of genotype to phenotype prediction tools, integrating detailed molecular marker genotypic and environmental characterization, to support better informed conservation and breeding decisions in a multi-environment context.

scholarly journals Study of energetic properties of different tree organs in six Olea europaea L. cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sala ◽  
T. Caruso ◽  
F. P. Marra ◽  
F. Zafonte ◽  
A. Amico Roxas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Pruning Residues ◽  
Horticultural Practice ◽  
Olive Industry ◽  
Olea Europaéa

AbstractPruning is an important horticultural practice for the management of olive orchards (Olea europaea L.) that generates a considerable amount of residues every year. Olive orchards are increasingly expanding beyond the Mediterranean Basin to new growing Countries (Australia, California, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay) and this will certainly lead to larger availability of pruning material. Currently, the interest in use of olive tree pruning residues for energy purposes is increasing but unfortunately, the information on the differences among organs of the tree, in terms of calorific value and ash content, is scarce. Another unknown aspect is the effect of cultivar vigour on dry matter partition among different tree organs, these are important traits to establish the energetic quality of pruning residues. The aim of this research was to study energetic aspects of six olive cultivars, largely grown in the Sicilian olive industry and characterized by different vigour. The trees taken into consideration in the study were selected in an experimental orchard to avoid any effect due to differences in environmental conditions and management. The energetic characteristics, calorific value and ash content, were evaluated for the various tree organs particularly shoots, leaves and branches; also root system was evaluated, although the roots can only be used once the trees are uprooted. Significant differences were observed in the calorific values among the different tree organs and the cultivars. Regarding the ash, shoots and leaves showed the highest content with respect to the other organs, thus causing a possible tendency in slagging with fouling and corrosion of boiler components.

scholarly journals Olive Leaf (Olea europaea L. folium): Potential Effects on Glycemia and Lipidemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilüfer Acar-Tek ◽  
Duygu Ağagündüz
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Olea Europaéa

Background: Olive tree (Olea europaea, Oleaceae) leaves have been widely used in traditional herbal medicine to prevent and treat various diseases especially in Mediterranean countries. They contain several potentially bioactive compounds that may have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Summary: The literature has recently been attempting to define the relationship between olive leaf (Olea europaea L. folium) polyphenols and a number of health problems. Oleuropein, the basic phenolic compound of olive leaf and its extract, is responsible for the characteristic bitter taste and unique aroma of olive fruits. Furthermore, it is shown that oleuropein and its hydrolyzed products have many beneficial effects on human health because of its antioxidant characters. A number of studies report that olive leaf has potentially positive effects on the parameters related to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases by various mechanisms. Besides, toxicity studies suggest that olive leaf is generally safe even at high doses. Key messages: Although current results obtained until today seem promising, the studies in this subject are usually on cell culture and animal trials. Moreover, mostly the extract forms of olive leaves are used in the studies. More randomized controlled human clinical trials with extensive toxicity studies are needed to evaluate potential health effects and safety.

scholarly journals Genomic evidence for recurrent genetic admixture during domestication mediterranean olive trees (Olea europaea)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Julca ◽  
Marina Marcet-Houben ◽  
Fernando Cruz ◽  
Jèssica Gómez-Garrido ◽  
Brandon S. Gaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Olea Europaéa

AbstractBackgroundThe olive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea, Oleaceae) has been the most economic perennial crop for Mediterranean countries since its domestication around 6,000 years ago. Two taxonomic varieties are currently recognized: cultivated (var. europaea) and wild (var. sylvestris) trees. To shed light into the recent evolution and domestication of the olive tree, we sequenced the genomes of twelve individuals: ten var. europaea, one var. sylvestris, and one outgroup taxon (subsp. cuspidata). All of them were analysed together with an improved assembly of var. europaea reference genome and the available assembly of var. sylvestris.ResultsOur analyses show that cultivated olives exhibit slightly lower levels of overall genetic diversity than wild forms, and that this can be partially explained by the occurrence of a mild population bottleneck 5000-7000 years ago during the primary domestication period. We also provide the first phylogenetic analysis of genome-wide sequences, which supports a continuous process of domestication of the olive tree. This, together with population structure and introgression analyses highlights genetic admixture with wild populations across the Mediterranean Basin in the course of domestication.ConclusionsAltogether, our results suggest that a primary domestication area in the eastern Mediterranean basin was followed by numerous secondary events across most countries of southern Europe and northern Africa, often involving genetic admixture with genetically rich wild populations, particularly from the western Mediterranean Basin. Based on selection tests and a search for selective sweeps, we found that genes associated with stress response and developmental processes were positively selected in cultivars. However, we did not find evidence that genes involved in fruit size or oil content were under positive selection.

Morphology and discrimination features of pollen from Italian olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.)

Grana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Messora ◽  
Assunta Florenzano ◽  
Paola Torri ◽  
Anna Maria Mercuri ◽  
Innocenzo Muzzalupo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Olea Europaéa

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES ON OLIVE TREE (OLEA EUROPAEA L., 'KORONEIKI') PHYSIOLOGY, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY

2011 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Psarras ◽  
I. Kasapakis ◽  
E. Stefanoudaki ◽  
I. Papadakis ◽  
K.S. Chartzoulakis
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Olea Europaéa

scholarly journals CHANGES IN FRUIT YIELD AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT OLIVE CULTIVARS (Olea europaea L.) UNDER CON-TRASTING WATER REGIMES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Majid Golmohammadi ◽  
Omid Sofalian ◽  
Mehdi Taheri ◽  
Alireza Ghanbari ◽  
Valiollah Rasoli
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Olive Cultivar ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The evergreen tree olive (Olea europaea L.) is the only species of the genus Olea that produces edible fruits with high ecological and economic value. This tree species has developed a series of physiochemical mechanisms to tolerate drought stress and grow under adverse climatic environments. One of these mechanisms is photosynthesis activities, so that as yet little information achieved about the relations between olive production and photosynthetic parameters under drought conditions. An experiment was carried out during two consecutive years (2015–2017) to study the response of 20 different olive tree cultivars (Olea europaea L.) to drought stress. Several parameters like net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (GS), transpiration rate (TE), photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid) and fruit yield were measured. The results of combined analysis of variance for fruit yield and other measured traits showed that year, drought treatment, cultivar main effects and their interactions were highly significant. The results indicated that drought stress reduced all traits, however GS (42.80%), PN (37.21%) and TE (37.17%) significantly affected by drought. Lower reduction in photosynthetic performance (PN, GS and TE) in the cultivar T7 compared to other olive cultivars allowed them to maintain better fruit yield. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two PCs that accounted for 82.04 and 83.27% of the total variation in photosynthetic parameters under optimal and drought stress conditions, respectively. Taken together, mean comparison, relative changes due to drought and biplot analysis revealed that cultivars ‘T7’, ‘Roghani’, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Korfolia’ and ‘Abou-satl’ displayed better response against drought stress. According to our results, one olive cultivar namely ‘T7’, could be used in olive breeding programs to improve new high yielding cultivars with drought tolerance for use in the drought-prone environments.

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