scholarly journals Experimental Testing of Innovative Cold-Formed "GEB" Section / Badania Eksperymentalne Innowacyjnego Kształtownika Giętego Na Zimno Typu „Geb“

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Łukowicz ◽  
Elżbieta Urbańska-Galewska ◽  
Małgorzata Gordziej-Zagórowska
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Steel Frames ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Cold Formed Steel

Abstract One of the major advantages of light gauge steel structures made of cold-formed steel sections is their low weight so the production of typical single-storey steel structures of this kind of profiles is still rising. The well known profiles, e.o. Z-sections, C-sections and the so called hat-sections studied and described in the literature, are used mainly as purlins or truss components. A new profile GEB was patented for the use for primary load-bearing member in fabricated steel frames. According to the code [1] every novel cross section should be tested to assign the deformation shape and bearing capacity. The paper deals with the numerical and experimental research of bearing capacity of cold formed GEB profiles. The deformation shape and limit load was obtained from bending tests. The GEB cross section bearing capacity was also determined according to codes [1, 2].

scholarly journals Review on Cold-Formed Steel Connections

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeong Huei Lee ◽  
Cher Siang Tan ◽  
Shahrin Mohammad ◽  
Mahmood Md Tahir ◽  
Poi Ngian Shek
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Rolled Steel ◽  
Steel Connections ◽  
Steel Framing ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled Steel ◽  
Review Current

The concept of cold-formed light steel framing construction has been widespread after understanding its structural characteristics with massive research works over the years. Connection serves as one of the important elements for light steel framing in order to achieve its structural stability. Compared to hot-rolled steel sections, cold-formed steel connections perform dissimilarity due to the thin-walled behaviour. This paper aims to review current researches on cold-formed steel connections, particularly for screw connections, storage rack connections, welded connections, and bolted connections. The performance of these connections in the design of cold-formed steel structures is discussed.

Research of Fire Resistance of Elements of Steel Frames of Industrial Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 506-513
Author(s):  
Viktor Hvozd ◽  
Eugene Tishchenko ◽  
Andriy Berezovskyi ◽  
Stanislav Sidnei
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Steel Frames ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Industrial Buildings

The article considers and analyses the methods by which it is possible to carry out research to determine the fire resistance of elements of steel frames of industrial buildings. It is determined that it is expedient to use the means of computational fluid dynamics, which has no limitations due to the high cost, complexity, environmental friendliness and complexity in comparison with real experiments. In order to conduct the most reliable computational experiments, mathematical models of temperature and mechanical reaction to the thermal effect of fire were created, taking into account the equations of thermal conductivity, systems of differential equations of stress-strain state of solids in their numerical implementation based on the finite element method. The solution of mathematical models was carried out using computational fluid dynamics, which describes the process of heat and mass transfer in test fire furnaces during the determination of fire resistance of steel structures. According to the results of computational experiments it is shown that the limiting state of loss of bearing capacity of vertical and horizontal structures occurs due to the formation of a zone of plastic deformations taking into account the associative theory of plasticity. According to the results of computational experiments, the dependence of the limit of fire resistance on the level of applied load to structures, which is close to linear, was revealed. Based on the obtained dependences and the corresponding graphs, a technique is developed based on the use of maximum deformations of the elements with the corresponding fixation of the limit state on the loss of fire resistance in terms of bearing capacity by bending this curve.

Thin-Walled Cold-Formed Steel Beams with Holes in Lateral Flexural-Torsional Buckling

2013 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Karmazínová ◽  
Jindrich Melcher ◽  
Martin Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Stability Problem ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Torsional Buckling ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Flexural Torsional Buckling

In this paper the study on lateral flexural-torsional buckling of steel sigma-cross-section beams with web holes will be presented. The analysis of corresponding stability problem is based on general approach derived for a group of beams including at least mono-symmetric sections loaded transversally to their plane of symmetry. The effective flexural and torsional stiffness of steel beams with holes has been verified by tests. The results of theoretical analysis were compared with specification design procedure and also with actual behaviour of set of beams investigated by experiments. The study conclusions aim to become the background of the supplements to specified provisions for the design of steel structures.

Comparative Analysis of Methods for Calculating Cold-Formed Steel Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Reshetnikov ◽  
Vladislav Y. Kornet ◽  
Darya A. Leonova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Solution Algorithm ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Shaped Cross Section

This article presents a comparative analysis of methods for calculating cold-formed steel structures, or light steel thin-walled structures (LSTS), as they are called in Russia, according to domestic and foreign norms. For comparison, the calculation provisions for SR 260.1325800.2016 "Steel thin-walled constructions from cold-bent galvanized sheets" and AISI (American Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy) were taken. For clarity of the solution algorithm, a block diagram for each method is presented. Specific features of calculating the C-shaped cross-section for bending by both methods are indicated [1].

scholarly journals Applied Element Modelling of Warping Effects in Thin-Walled C-Shaped Steel Sections

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Giammaria Gabbianelli
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Element Modelling ◽  
Concrete Masonry ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Applied Element Method ◽  
Ultimate Displacement

The Applied Element Method (AEM) is a relatively recent numerical technique, originally conceived for simulating the large displacement nonlinear response of reinforced concrete, masonry and steel structures, and successful applications have been presented by various researchers. Recently, AEM was used to model the mechanical behaviour of steel storage pallet racks, i.e., particular cold-formed steel structures typically employed for storing goods and materials. Such systems are often subjected to peculiar displacements and stresses due to warping effects, which are inherent and often govern their behaviour, increasing the peak strength and ultimate displacement demand. This phenomenon has not been studied through AEM yet; hence, this work investigates the capabilities of AEM in simulating the warping effects in typical steel rack members, i.e., thin-walled C-shaped sections. Preliminary results and comparison against established modelling approaches indicate that AEM can accurately simulate this phenomenon, both in terms of displacements and stresses.

scholarly journals INTERACTION DIAGRAMS AXIAL FORCE-BENDING MOMENT FOR FIRE EXPOSED STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE SECTIONS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milivoje Milanovic ◽  
Meri Cvetkovska
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Composite Columns ◽  
Interaction Diagram ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
The Cross

The bearing capacity of the column cross section can be determined from the interaction diagram moment-axial force (M–N). Fire induced temperatures cause reduction of the load-bearing characteristics of the constitutive materials, steel and concrete, and this effect directly reflects on the reduction of the axial force and the bending moment that could be accepted by the column cross section, respectively the interaction diagram of the column cross section is changed. The load bearing capacity of the steel-concrete composite columns exposed to fire from all four sides and loaded by axial force and uni-axial or bi-axial bending moments, was estimated on the basis of the changes in the interaction diagrams moment-axial force amd the results are presented in this paper. Different types of composite columns made of totally or partially encased steel sections, or concrete filled hollow sections were analyzed and a detailed discussion on the effects of the shape of the cross section and the cross sectional dimensions are presented.

Stirrup effects on compressive strength and ductility of confined concrete columns

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jure Radnic ◽  
Radoslav Markic ◽  
Alen Harapin ◽  
Domagoj Matesan ◽  
Goran Baloevic
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Confined Concrete ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Columns ◽  
Strength And Ductility

The results of experimental testing of stirrup effects on compressive strength and ductility of axially loaded confined reinforced concrete columns of rectangular cross-section are presented. Effects of different concrete strengths, different stirrup bar diameters and different stirrup spacing on column's bearing capacity and ductility have been researched.

The Influence of Cross-Section Shape Changing on Work of Cold Formed Beam

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Tusnin ◽  
Ilya Selyantsev
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reduced Cross Section ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Contour Deformation ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
The Cross

The Necessity of taking into account the ability of cold-formed steel thin-walled profiles to gradually change its cross section shape proportionally to the load acting on it is considered. Free torsion constants Jt value for cold-formed profiles is justified. Underestimation of beam torsion due to ignoring of the cross-section contour deformation is assessed. The thin-walled Z and C-shaped cold formed steel sections recently are becoming more and more popular in the constructions of low-rise buildings. A characteristic feature of cold-formed thin-walled profiles in these structures is the need to consider not only the longitudinal and bending deformations, but also the deformations of torsion. Presently there are two approaches to analysis of structures of thin-walled cold-formed steel sections. One of them is based on the thin-walled beam theory designed by V.Z. Vlasov, another one is based on the super-critical load-carrying capacity theory. In the first approach the contour of the cross-section is non-deformable, in the second caseanalysis is carried out on the basis of a reduced cross-section, caused by local buckling of the compressed cross-section elements. Both approaches do not take into account the ability of cold-formed steel thin-walled profiles to change itscross section shape proportionally to the load acting on it. In this connection it is necessary to conduct theoretical and experimental studies of the cross-section deformation effect on behavior of cold-formed steel profiles.First of all,it is important to find out the range of section-length characteristics for cold-formed profiles in which the fact of not taking into account of contour deformation of the cross-section leads tothe significant, from an engineering point of view, error in the calculations. Also it is needed to estimatehowload types and connections applied on cross section influence on cross-section form changing.

scholarly journals EC3-Compatible Methods for Analysis and Design of Steel Framed Structures

Modelling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-590
Author(s):  
Sofia Antonodimitraki ◽  
Pavlos Thanopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Vayas
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Steel Frames ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Ultimate Capacity ◽  
Framed Structures ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Order Analysis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Moment Resisting ◽  
Safe Side

The behaviour of steel structures is affected by two nonlinearities—the geometric and material nonlinearity—and by the unavoidable presence of imperfections. To evaluate the ultimate capacity of a structure, these effects should be taken into consideration during the design process, either explicitly in the analysis or implicitly through the verification checks. In this context, Eurocode 3 provides several design approaches of different complexity and accuracy. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed. Five different methods in conformity with the Eurocode provisions are applied for the design of four moment resisting steel frames of varying slenderness. The influence of nonlinearities and imperfections in respect to the slenderness of the structure is illustrated. The examined methods are compared in terms of the predicted ultimate capacity and their efficiency is assessed against the most accurate between them, i.e., an advanced geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis. It is shown that considerable differences arise between the methods. Nevertheless, except for the commonly used 2nd order analysis followed by cross-section verifications, the remaining methods are mostly on the safe side.

SETTING A DIAGRAM APPROACH TO CALCULATING VIBRATED, CENTRIFUGED AND VIBROCENTRIFUGED REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH A VARIATROPIC STRUCTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Л. Р. Маилян ◽  
С. А. Стельмах ◽  
Е. М. Щербань ◽  
М. П. Нажуев
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Columns ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Concrete Elements ◽  
Diagram Approach

Состояние проблемы. Железобетонные элементы изготавливаются, как правило, по трем основным технологиям - вибрированием, центрифугированием и виброцентрифугированием. Однако все основные расчетные зависимости для определения их несущей способности выведены, исходя из основного постулата - постоянства и равенства характеристик бетона по сечению, что реализуется лишь в вибрированных колоннах. Результаты. В рамках диаграммного подхода предложены итерационный, приближенный и упрощенный способы расчета несущей способности железобетонных вибрированных, центрифугированных и виброцентрифугированных колонн. Выводы. Расчет по диаграммному подходу показал существенно более подходящую сходимость с опытными данными, чем расчет по методике норм, а также дал лучшие результаты при использовании дифференциальных характеристик бетона, чем при использовании интегральных и, тем более, нормативных характеристик бетона. Statement of the problem. Reinforced concrete elements are typically manufactured according to three basic technologies - vibration, centrifugation and vibrocentrifugation. However, all the basic calculated dependencies for determining their bearing capacity were derived using the main postulate, i.e., the constancy and equality of the characteristics of concrete over the cross section, which is implemented only in vibrated columns. Results. Within the framework of the diagrammatic approach, iterative, approximate and simplified methods of calculating the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete vibrated, centrifuged and vibrocentrifuged columns are proposed. Conclusions. The calculation according to the diagrammatic approach showed a significantly better convergence with the experimental data than that using the method of norms, and also performs better when using differential characteristics of concrete than when employing integral and particularly standard characteristics of concrete.

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