A multivariate analysis of the Old English ACC+DAT double object alternation

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic De Cuypere
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Old English ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Double Object ◽  
British English ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Dative Alternation

AbstractIn Old English, the ditransitive construction with an accusative (direct) object and a dative (indirect) object occurred with two alternating object orders: ACC-DAT vs. DAT-ACC. This study examines the motivations behind the OE speakers’ choice for one of both orders. The effect of 16 factors was evaluated based on a corpus sample of N = 2409 sentences drawn from the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose (Taylor et al. 2003). The data was analysed by means of a mixed-effects logistic regression analysis. The results indicate that the ACC+DAT alternation was largely driven by the same factors that motivate the dative alternation in later stages of British English. However, no evidence was found for specific verb preferences in Old English, which suggests that the OE object alternation was less driven by semantics than the dative alternation in PDE. It is argued that the results further substantiate Wolk et al.’s (2012) claim that the cognitive mechanisms underlying present-day probabilistic patterns also underlie past variation.

scholarly journals The Old Englishto-dative construction

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUDOVIC DE CUYPERE
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Dative Alternation ◽  
Corpus Studies ◽  
Multifactorial Approach

In Present-day English (PDE), theto-dative construction refers to clauses likeJohn sold/offered/mentioned/gave the books to Mary, in which a ditransitive verb takes a Recipient that is expressed as ato-Prepositional Phrase (to-PP). This study examines theto-dative construction in Old English (OE). I show, first of all, that this construction was not rare in OE, in contrast to what has been suggested in the literature. Second, I report on two corpus studies in which I examined the ordering behaviour of the NP and theto-PP. The results of the first study suggest that the same ordering tendencies already existed in OE as in PDE: both the NP-to-PP and theto-PP-NP orders were grammatical, but the NP-to-PP was the most frequently used one. However, in OE, theto-PP-NP was more common than in PDE, where its use is heavily restricted. My second corpus study is informed by the multifactorial approach to the English dative alternation and uses a mixed-effects logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effects of various linguistic (verbal semantics, pronominality, animacy, definiteness, number, person and length) and extra-linguistic variables (translation status, time of completion/manuscript) on the ordering of NP andto-PP. The main finding is that, generally speaking, the same factors that motivate the dative alternation in PDE were involved in OE as well. No evidence was found for the influence of verbal semantics nor of the extra-linguistic variables. Finally, I argue against the view thattowas semantically reanalysed from a Goal to a Recipient marker from OE to ME. Building on evidence that the Recipient use oftowas already embryonically present in OE, I make the case that this semantic change was far more gradual than traditionally assumed.

scholarly journals Evaluating working conditions in the informal economy: Evidence from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin C Williams ◽  
Ioana Alexandra Horodnic
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
European Working ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey

Although it is widely held that working conditions in the informal economy are worse than in the formal economy, little evidence has been so far provided. The aim of this article is to fill this lacuna by comparing the working conditions of informal employees with formal employees using the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis provides a nuanced and variegated appreciation of which working conditions are worse for informal employees, which are no different, and which are better for informal than formal employees. The article concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications.

The alternative negative constructions in spoken and written Korean: Logistic regression analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-442
Author(s):  
Beom-mo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Relevant Factors

AbstractAdopting quantitative corpus-based methods, this paper focuses on the alternative negative constructions in Korean, [anV] and [Vanhda]. Logistic regression analyses for a mixed-effects model were carried out on data drawn from the Sejong Korean Corpus. Certain features of the verb or adjective in negative constructions significantly affect the use of the two negative constructions. A relevant factor is register/medium (spoken or written), among other significant interactions of factors. Furthermore, the fact that frequency is consistent with other relevant factors, together with certain diachronic facts of Korean, supports the claim that frequency of use plays an important role in linguistic changes. Another finding is that, notwithstanding noticeable differences between spoken and written language, the factors influencing the use of the two negative constructions in Korean are largely similar in the spoken and written registers.

scholarly journals Locating variation in the dative alternation

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Double Object ◽  
British English ◽  
Double Object Construction ◽  
Dative Alternation ◽  
Object Construction ◽  
Main Variety ◽  
Syntactic Properties

This paper investigates the structure of the dative alternation in dialects of Northwest British English. This includes theme passivization of apparent Double Object Constructions (It was given her). Detailed investigation shows that different dialects use distinct licensing strategies to derive the Theme passive structure. The main variety discussed is Liverpool English, where Theme passivisation is shown to derive from a prepositional dative with a null preposition. In contrast, Manchester English, a neighbouring variety, derives Theme passives of the Double Object Construction, via an Applicative configuration (Haddican 2010, Haddican and Holmberg 2012). The study shows that a range of syntactic properties and restrictions on a structure can be traced back to variation in the functional lexicon.

The dative alternation in South Asian English(es)

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Bernaisch ◽  
Stefan Th. Gries ◽  
Joybrato Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Conditional Inference ◽  
The South ◽  
Double Object ◽  
Indian English ◽  
British English ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Dative Alternation ◽  
Syntactic Pattern ◽  
Conditional Inference Trees

The present paper focuses on the modelling of cross-varietal differences and similarities in South Asian English(es) and British English at the level of verb complementation. Specifically, we analyse the dative alternation with GIVE, i.e. the alternation between the double-object construction (John gave Mary a book) and the prepositional dative (John gave a book to Mary) as well as their passivised constructions with regard to the factors that potentially exert an influence on this alternation in seven varieties of English. The South Asian varieties under scrutiny are Bangladeshi English, Indian English, Maldivian English, Nepali English, Pakistani English and Sri Lankan English, while British English serves as the reference variety. The patterns of GIVE are annotated according to the following parameters including potential predictors of the dative alternation: syntactic pattern and semantic class of GIVE; syntactic complexity, animacy, discourse accessibility and pronominality of constituents (cf. Gries 2003b; Bresnan and Hay 2008). The choices of complementation patterns are then statistically modelled using conditional inference trees and a random-forest analysis. The results indicate that many of the predictors found to be relevant in British English are at play in the South Asian varieties, too. The syntactic pattern of GIVE is, in descending order, uniformly influenced by the predictors pronominality of recipient, length of recipient, semantic class of GIVE and length of patient. Interestingly, the predictor country is marginal in accounting for the dative alternation of GIVE across the varieties at hand. Based on this observation, we derive variety-independent protostructions, i.e. abstract combinations of (cross-varietally stable) features with high predictive power for a particular syntactic pattern, which we argue to be part of the lexicogrammatical “common core” (Quirk et al. 1985: 16) of English. The implications of the present paper are twofold. While the order of the predictors regarding their influence on the dative alternation is clearly compatible with earlier studies (cf. e.g. Green 1974; Ransom 1979; Hawkins 1994; Gries 2003b), the stability of the order across varieties of English calls for a) a more fine-grained gradation of linguistic forms and structures at the lexis-grammar interface as indicators of structural nativisation and b) a revision of earlier verb-complementational findings specific to individual or groups of varieties of South Asian English.

Exploring epicentres empirically

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Th. Gries ◽  
Tobias Bernaisch
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Double Object ◽  
Indian English ◽  
British English ◽  
Double Object Construction ◽  
Deviation Analysis ◽  
Dative Alternation ◽  
Object Construction

The present paper studies the dative alternation with GIVE, i.e. the alternation between the double-object construction (e.g. John gave Mary a book) and the prepositional dative (e.g. John gave a book to Mary), in relation to the norms underlying this constructional choice in six South Asian Englishes. Via Multifactorial Prediction and Deviation Analysis with Regression (MuPDAR) including random effects, we identify (i) factors triggering different constructional choices in South Asian Englishes in comparison to British English and (ii) the linguistic epicentre of English in South Asia with regard to the dative alternation. We are able to show that discourse accessibility of patient and recipient as well as pronominality of recipient are actuators of structural nativisation in South Asian Englishes and — in agreement with a more general sociolinguistic approach — find via a bottom-up approach that Indian English may be regarded as the linguistic epicentre of English for South Asia.

“Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas and Diabetes of Type 2 in Elderly Patients: Impact On Management in the Real Life”.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4998-4998
Author(s):  
Stephane Moreau ◽  
Liliane Remenieras ◽  
Mohamed Touati ◽  
Marie Jose RAPP ◽  
Marie-Pierre Gourin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Regional Network ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Reductions

Abstract Abstract 4998 Purpose Prevalence of patients (pts) suffering of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and diabetes is increasing. Previous investigations were mainly focused on possible association with an increased risk of NHL in pts with type 2 diabetes. In another way, it is well known that NHL patients (pts) with co-morbidity are treated less intensively and have worse prognosis. We propose a retrospective analysis of a homogeneous aggressive lymphoma cohort based on a multicentric regional network database to assess the cross-impact of diabetes and NHL in term of pts management and survival. Patients and methods All pts with high-grade NHL cases, histologically proven, diagnosed between 2003 and 2008 in the Hematology Department of regional network HEMATOLIM, have been included. Diabetes of type 2 has been defined according to international criteria. Data about diabetes and lymphoma treatments, toxicity, relapse, progression or death, have been collected from the Database Structure Régionale de Référence sur les Lymphomes en Limousin. Statistical analysis had been done by StatView and SAS 9.1.2 softwares. Results We included 251 NHL pts with aggressive NHL concerning 69.3% Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) (n=174), 7.6% Mantle cell (n=19), 5.2% Peripheral T-cell (n=13), 5.2% Burkitt (n=13) and 12.7% others (anaplastic (n=9), Follicular grade 3B (n=8),T angioimmunoblastic (n=8), primary mediastinal NHL (n=3), nasal NK-T (n=2), T-cell-rich BCL (n=1), centroblastic BCL (n=1)). Among these NHL, 16.7% had type 2 diabetes (n=42). Sex ratio was 1 for diabetic pts (dp) versus (vs) 1.4 for non-diabetic pts (ndp), the average age was 65.1±15.8, 71.3±8.4 for dp vs 63.8±16.6 for ndp (p=0.005). All received first-line chemotherapy mainly Cyclophosphamide/Oncovin/ Adriamycine/Prednisone ± Rituximab (54.6%, n=137), with no difference between dp and ndp (respectively 59.5% vs 57.0%). Chemo-resistance was reported for 22.7% of pts (28.6% dp (n=12) and 21.5% ndp (n=45)). Chemotherapy-related toxicities were more frequent in dp (71.4%, n=30, vs 47.8%, n=100 ndp) (p=0.005), mainly fever and/or bleeding and infectious complications or back to hospitalization. Dose reductions were more frequent in dp, 31.0%, (n=13) vs ndp 12.0%, n=25) (p=0.0017) and adjustements in time-interval (54.8%, n=23, vs 38.8%, n=81 ndp) (p=0.05) of chemotherapy course. A logistic regression analysis showed that dose reductions and treatment-related toxicities were associated to diabetes status (p=0.015 and p=0.026, respectively). Complete remission (CR) was achieved for 66% ndp (n=138) vs 40.5% dp (n=17) with significant difference (p=0.0019). Relapses: no significant difference between both groups with 13.9% ndp (n=29) vs 19% dp (n=8). Mortality rate was significantly increased: 41.6 % ndp vs 59.5% dp (p=0.033), mainly due to NHL complications, 41.6% ndp (n=87) vs 59.5% dp (n=25) (p=0.033). With a median follow-up of 17 months (m) (range 0-72), median overall survival (OS) was not reached for ndp vs 12±9 m for dp (p=0.006), median event-free survival (EFS) was 41±6.2 m for ndp vs 11±4.3 m for dp (p=0.002). In a multivariate analysis, the differences disappeared on OS and EFS after adjustment on age. A logistic regression analysis showed an important increasing of complications, adjustment of doses, and CR but these chemotherapy-related toxicities had no impact on dp survival. The impact of chemotherapy mainly including corticosteroids on the long term diabetes status has been assessed at the end of NHL treatment, 35.7% increased oral medication to oral insulin or received an intensified dose of the antidiabetic treatment (9.5%, n=4). Some dp with oral treatment improved their glycemia (7.1%, n=3), and used only hygiene-dietary measures. Long term insulin treatment was introduced after glycemia disorders for 3.8% ndp (n=8). Conclusion Aggressive NHL were more frequently associated with type 2 diabetes (16%) in our regional cohort probably due to the study population median age around 68 years. A real impact of incidence of the chemotherapy-related toxicities, back to hospitalization, a less dose-intensity chemotherapy on dp CR has been significantly demonstrated. EFS and OS were not significant in multivariate analysis especially with adjustment on age. These results claim for a cautious management of diabetes at the initial assessment and during chemotherapy for decreasing complications and by an intensive patient education. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Telecommuting Preference-Practice Mismatch During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Watanabe ◽  
Yusuke Konno ◽  
Masako Nagata ◽  
Ayako Hino ◽  
Seiichiro Tateishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Problematic Drinking ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Do So

Introduction: This study examined the association between increased alcohol consumption and telecommuting, comparing employees who expressed a preference for telecommuting and those who did not. Methods: We conducted an internet monitor survey. Responses from 20,395 of the 33,302 participants were included in the final sample. Participants were asked about their desire for and frequency of telecommuting, and about changes in alcohol consumption under the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results: Participants who telecommuted despite preferring not to do so reported significantly increased alcohol consumption, as revealed by a multivariate analysis (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.25-2.12). Participants who expressed a preference for telecommuting showed no such increase. Conclusions: Under the COVID-19 pandemic, telecommuting that involves a mismatch with employee preference for way of working may be a new risk factor for problematic drinking.

scholarly journals Pineal cysts and other pineal region malignancies: determining factors predictive of hydrocephalus and malignancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Starke ◽  
Justin M. Cappuzzo ◽  
Nicholas J. Erickson ◽  
Jonathan H. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Over Time

OBJECTIVECystic lesions of the pineal gland are most often uncomplicated benign lesions with typical MRI characteristics. The authors aimed to study pineal lesion characteristics on MRI to better distinguish benign pineal cysts from other pineal region malignancies as well as to determine which characteristics were predictive of the latter malignancies. They also aimed to study risk factors predictive of hydrocephalus or malignancy in patients harboring these lesions.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective review of a prospectively compiled database documenting the outcomes of patients with suspected pineal cysts on MRI who had presented in the period from 1998 to 2004. Inherent patient and lesion characteristics were assessed in a univariate logistic regression analysis to predict the following dependent variables: development of hydrocephalus, biopsy-confirmed malignancy, and intervention. Possible inherent patient and lesion characteristics included age, sex, T1 and T2 MRI signal pattern, contrast enhancement pattern, presence of cyst, presence of blood, complexity of lesion, presence of calcification, and duration of follow-up. Inherent patient and lesion characteristics that were predictive in the univariate analysis (p < 0.15) were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis.RESULTSOf the 79 patients with benign-appearing pineal cysts, 26 (33%) were male and 53 (67%) were female, with a median age of 38 years (range 9–86 years). The median cyst radius was 5 mm (range 1–20 mm). Two patients (2.5%) had evidence of calcifications, 7 (9%) had multicystic lesions, and 25 (32%) had some evidence of contrast enhancement.The median follow-up interval was 3 years (range 0.5–13 years). Seven patients (9%) had an increase in the size of their lesion over time. Eight patients (10%) had a hemorrhage, and 11 patients (14%) developed hydrocephalus. Nine (11%) received ventriculoperitoneal shunts for the development of hydrocephalus, and 12 patients (16%) were found to have malignancies following biopsy or resection. In the multivariate analysis, contrast enhancement on MRI (OR 1.6, 95% CI 2.86–74.74, p = 0.013) and hemorrhage (OR 26.9, 95% CI 3.4–212.7, p = 0.022) were predictive of hydrocephalus. Increasing lesion size and hydrocephalus were near perfect predictors of malignancy and thus were removed from multivariate analysis. In addition, contrast enhancement on MRI (OR 8.8, 95% CI 2.0–38.6, p = 0.004) and hemorrhage (OR 6.8, 95% CI 1.1–40.5, p = 0.036) were predictive of malignancy.CONCLUSIONSAlthough cystic abnormalities of the pineal gland are often benign lesions, they are frequently monitored over time, as other pineal region pathologies may appear similarly on MRI. Patients with growing lesions, contrast enhancement, and hemorrhage on MRI are more likely to develop hydrocephalus and have malignant pathology on histological examination and should therefore be followed up with serial MRI with a lower threshold for neurosurgical intervention.

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