Conservation in ongoing analogical change: The measurement and effect(s) of tokenfrequency

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Krause-Lerche
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
Strong Verbs

AbstractIn a number of studies of analogical levelling, it has been found that the conservation of irregular formation patterns is typically correlated with the token frequency of the members of a changing class. Interestingly, although it was suggested decades ago that this “conserving effect” of high token frequency may also affect ongoing analogical change, only one case of a change-in-progress in morphology has been investigated so far. Moreover, instead of scrutinizing the concept of frequency, previous research has largely taken the importance of lemma token frequency for granted. The present contribution analyses a case of ongoing analogical levelling in the formation of the imperative singular of German strong verbs with e/i-gradation. A corpus-based study is used to test whether the phenomenon is rightly classified as ongoing change and whether and which frequency variables can explain the trajectory of this change. Evidence is presented that justifies the assumption of a conserving effect of token frequency in ongoing morphological change; however, the study stresses the importance of reconsidering the concept of frequency for different languages and different phenomena of change because even measures likelemma token frequencyare not as indisputable as they seem.

On the Emergence of an Eighth Ablaut Class in German and Dutch

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-380
Author(s):  
Jessica Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Past Participle ◽  
Remarkable Case ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
New Type ◽  
Strong Verbs

This article examines a remarkable case of analogy in the verbal systems of German and Dutch which to date has hardly received any attention. In both languages, the ablaut pattern that originally stems from the second Germanic ablaut class (“oPRETERITE = oPAST PARTICIPLE”) spread to other strong verbs by analogy, as in German heben–hob–gehoben or Dutch binden–bond–gebonden. It is argued that the low token frequency of these verbs triggered this analogy. As in both cases a new type of ablaut class arises through the convergence of several strong verbs, I refer to it as the eighth ablaut class.*

scholarly journals Token frequency as a determinant of morphological change

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
HELEN SIMS-WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Computational Procedure ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Verbal Inflection ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
Inflectional Paradigms

This paper demonstrates that morphological change tends to involve the replacement of low frequency forms in inflectional paradigms by innovative forms based on high frequency forms, using Greek data involving the diachronic reorganisation of verbal inflection classes. A computational procedure is outlined for generating a possibility space of morphological changes which can be represented as analogical proportions, on the basis of synchronic paradigms in ancient Greek. I then show how supplementing analogical proportions with token frequency information can help to predict whether a hypothetical change actually took place in the language’s subsequent development. Because of the crucial role of inflected surface forms serving as analogical bases in this model, I argue that the results support theories in which inflected forms can be stored whole in the lexicon.

High-resolution observations of metastable γ’ precipitation in Al-15at.%Ag

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 1004-1005
Author(s):  
N. V. Larcher ◽  
I. G. Solorzano
Keyword(s):  
Discontinuous Precipitation ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Aging Sequence ◽  
Matrix Precipitation ◽  
Considerable Detail ◽  
Kinetics Of

It is currently well established that, for an Al-Ag alloy quenched from the α phase and aged within the metastable solvus, the aging sequence is: supersaturated α → GP zones → γ’ → γ (Ag2Al). While GP zones and plate-shaped γ’ are metastable phases, continuously distributed in the matrix, formation of the equilibrium phase γ takes place at grain boundaries by discontinuous precipitation (DP). The crystal structure of both γ’ and γ is hep with the following orientation relationship with respect to the fee α matrix: {0001}γ′,γ // {111}α, <1120>γ′,γ, // <110>α.The mechanisms and kinetics of continuous matrix precipitation (CMP) in dilute Al-Ag alloys have been studied in considerable detail. The quantitative description of DP kinetics, however, has received less attention. The present contribution reports the microstructural evolution resulting from aging an Al-Ag alloy with Ag content higher than those previously reported in the literature, focusing the observations of γ' plate-shaped metastable precipitates.

Verbi a supporto nel latino tardo: il caso di facio

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Giovanbattista Galdi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Object ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Verbal Noun ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Evolution

SummarySupport verb constructions are documented throughout the history of Latin. These syntagms are characterized by the presence of a support verb with a more or less reduced semantic force, and a predicative (abstract or verbal) noun that often constitutes its direct object. The present contribution deals, specifically, with the use of facio as a support verb (as in bellum facere, iter facere, insidias facere etc.), focussing on the post-classical and late period. Two main questions shall be discussed: (a) whether, and if so, how facio becomes more productive in later centuries in both non-Christian and Christian sources; (b) what type of semantic evolution the verb undergoes in later Latin and whether, in this respect, continuity or rupture should be assumed with regard to the earlier period. This last point will enable us to suggest a more convincing explanation of an often-quoted passage of Cicero (Phil. 3. 22), in which the expression contumeliam facere is found.

Relation of the Saccasa?khepa??k? Called S?ratthas?lin? to the Vinayavinicchaya??k? Called Vinayas?ratthasand?pan?

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 189-223
Author(s):  
Petra Kieffer-Pülz
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Common ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Parallel Texts

The present contribution suggests the common authorship of three P?li commentaries of the twelfth/thirteenth centuries CE, namely the Vinayavinicchaya??k? called Vinayas?ratthasand?pan? (less probably Vinayatthas?rasand?pan?), the Uttaravinicchaya??k? called L?natthappak?san?, and the Saccasa?khepa??k? called S?ratthas?lin?. The information collected from these three commentaries themselves and from P?li literary histories concerning these three texts leads to the second quarter of the thirteenth century CE as the period of their origination. The data from parallel texts explicitly stated to having been written by V?cissara Thera in the texts themselves render it possible to establish with a high degree of probability V?cissara Thera as their author.

Mystical Theology of St. Simeon New Theologian

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk
Keyword(s):  
Present Contribution ◽  
Mystical Theology ◽  
Maximus The Confessor

The article deals with the problem of the divine light in the mystical works of St Symeon the New Theologian (949–1022) in the context of the Eastern Christian ascetical tradition. The author focuses on the passages referring to the divine light in the works of Evagrios Pontikos, St Isaac the Syrian, St Maximus the Confessor, and in the Makarian corpus. As is shown in the present contribution, none of these authors created a fully-developed theory of the vision of the divine light. Being close to these writers in many ideas, St Symeon was generally independent of any of them in his treatment of the theme of vision of light, always basing himself primarily upon his own experience.

Thermally-Induced Dehydrogenative Coupling of Organosilanes and H-Terminated Silicon Quantum Dots onto Germanane Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyang Yu ◽  
Alyxandra Thiessen ◽  
Md Asjad Hossain ◽  
Marc Julian Kloberg ◽  
Bernhard Rieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
2D Materials ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Organic Monolayers ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Dehydrogenative Coupling ◽  
Silicon Quantum Dot ◽  
Covalently Bonded

<div><div><div><p>Covalently bonded organic monolayers play important roles in defining the solution processability, ambient stability, and electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as Ge nanosheets (GeNSs); they also hold promise of providing avenues for the fabrication of future generation electronic and optical devices. Functionalization of GeNS normally involves surface moieties linked through covalent Ge−C bonds. In the present contribution we extend the scope of surface linkages to include Si−Ge bonding and present the first demonstration of heteronuclear dehydrocoupling of organosilanes to hydride-terminated GeNSs obtained from the deintercalation and exfoliation of CaGe2. We further exploit this new surface reactivity and demonstrated the preparation of directly bonded silicon quantum dot-Ge nanosheet hybrids.</p></div></div></div>

Eusebius of Caesarean Commentary on Psalm 37 in the Old Georgian Version

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-38
Author(s):  
Сергий Ким
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Edition ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Eusebius Of Caesarea

Толкование Евсевия Кесарийского на 37-й псалом в греческом оригинале было исследовано автором настоящей статьи в рамках проекта по Александрийской и Антиохийской экзегезе при Берлинско-Бранденбургской академии наук1 в 2017-2018 гг. По итогам исследования греческих рукописей было подготовлено новое критическое издание (в печати). Данная статья является продолжением работы над этим памятником и представляет читателю первую часть древнегрузинской версии Толкования на 37-й псалом и её русского перевода. The Greek original of the Commentary on Psalm 37 by Eusebius of Caesarea was studied by the author of the present contribution in the frame of the project «Die alexandrinische und antiochenische Bibelexegese in der Spätantike» at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences in 2017-2018. The investigation of the Greek manuscripts led to a new critical edition of Eusebius’ text (forthcoming). We conceive the present article as a continuation of our study on this text and offer the reader a first part of the critical edition of the hitherto inedited Old Georgian version of Eusebius’ Commentary on Psalm 37 alongside its Russian translation.

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