Derivational morphology in flux: a case study of word-formation change in German

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

AbstractThe diachronic change of word-formation patterns is currently gaining increasing interest in cognitive-linguistic and constructionist approaches. This paper contributes to this line of research with a corpus-based investigation of nominalization with the suffix-ungin German. In doing so, it puts forward both theoretical and methodological considerations on morphology and morphological change from a usage-based perspective. Regarding methodology, the long-standing topic of how to measure (changes in) the productivity of a morphological pattern is discussed, and it is shown how statistical association measures can be applied to quantify the relationship between word-formation patterns and their bases. These findings are linked up with theoretical considerations on the interplay between constructional schemas and their respective instances.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL DEA METHOD FOR ASSESSING PRODUCTIVITY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa CHODAKOWSKA ◽  
Joanicjusz NAZARKO
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Tobit Regression Model

The article presents the concept of environmental efficiency analysis based on the method of Data Envelopment Analysis in the case of the existence of desirable and undesirable results. Theoretical considerations are illustrated by a case study of European countries and evaluation of productivity taking into account not only economic growth but also effects which are undesirable and impossible to eliminate entirely, such as the impact on the environment. The differences in the results are explained by the relationship between policies aiming at supporting research and development with the use of the Tobit regression model. The added value of this work is to propose an integration of environmental DEA method with the concept of technological competitors. The possibility of applying the concept of DEA to technological competition was presented in the form of classification and benchmarking of the European countries. It is concluded that European countries are highly diversified in regard to the efficiency of environmental performance.

scholarly journals Diminutives derived from terms for children: Comparative evidence from Southeastern Mande

Linguistics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Historical Change ◽  
The Core ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Synchronic Comparison ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The study addresses the relationship between diachronic change and synchronic polysemy based on the use of diminutives in four closely related Southeastern Mande languages. It explores the synchronic patterns of use of cognate diminutive markers deriving from the word ‘child’, and accounts for differences between the languages in terms of a Radial Category network, which is designed to capture in one representation both mechanisms of diachronic change and mechanisms of regular meaning extension. The study argues that the same approach can be used to account for the ways diminutive markers acquire new meanings and for the ways an old diminutive category disintegrates, when new markers start replacing the old one in some of the core diminutive functions. The invasion and expansion of new markers may result in discontinuous semantic structures that can only be understood when the diachrony is taken into account (in this particular case study, the evidence for historical change comes from a synchronic comparison with closely related languages).

Nyikina paradigms and refunctionalization

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Claire Bowern
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Intransitive Verb ◽  
Northwestern Australia

Here I present a case study of change in the complex verb morphology of the Nyikina language of Northwestern Australia. I describe changes which lead to reanalysis of underlying forms while preserving much of the inherited phonological material. The changes presented here do not fit into previous typologies of morphological change. Nyikina lost the distinction between past and present, and in doing so, merged two paradigms into one. The former past tense marker came to be associated with intransitive verb stems. The inflected verbs thus continue inherited material, but in a different function. These changes are most parsimoniously described in a theory of word formation which makes reference to paradigms.

An ‘armour’ against anguish: Costume design considerations around protecting actors in emotionally distressing roles

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Brayshaw
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Costume Design ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Grief And Loss ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
Ethical Design ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Relationship

Actors and singers frequently portray characters who experience distressing events, yet this may cause anguish for the performers themselves and require them to perform personal emotional management to cope with their own feelings during a production. This case study discusses and documents my costume design ethos and processes for the Sydney 2018 production of Clare Barron’s play, You Got Older (2015), which required the two lead actors to play characters who were experiencing profound fear, grief and loss. The design approach drew on Monks’s work on the relationship that actors have with their costumes and d’Anjou’s interpretation of Sartrean ethics within the context of a design practice. Once I had determined that the nature of my role as designer for this production would be to offer the actors emotional support through costume, I applied Woodward’s notion of comfort in everyday dress to the context of performance costume to ascertain how costume might contain a talisman and/or function as a form of psychological, ‘soft armour’ within the context of the play. Finally, this report uses Tonkinwise’s writing on ethical design alongside a semi-structured interview with the lead actor in You Got Older, Harriet Gordon-Anderson, to examine the forms that such protections took within my designs for the play and offers methodological considerations regarding designing costumes to protect and comfort performers playing emotionally distressing roles, should the actors require it.

The semantic development of borrowed derivational morphology

Diachronica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-99
Author(s):  
Marion Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Contact Linguistics ◽  
Middle French ◽  
Semantic Maps ◽  
Contact Situation ◽  
Derivational Suffix

Abstract This study investigates the effects of borrowing on the semantics of a derivational suffix. It presents a case study that compares the borrowed Middle English suffix -ery to Middle French -erie, paying special attention to their respective semantic structures and analysing them with semantic maps. The semantic structure of the borrowed suffix -ery is very similar to that of its origin -erie and there is no evidence for semantic reduction as a result of the borrowing process. This stability is linked to sociolinguistic aspects of the contact situation. Substantial semantic changes do occur in the recipient language after the suffix has become an established word formation process, however. On the basis of empirical data, this paper makes a contribution to the study of derivational semantics and contact linguistics by proposing a methodology for the analysis of the semantic structure of (borrowed) derivational morphology.

Roy Cape's labour of love: theorising work ethics through musical biography

Popular Music ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-369
Author(s):  
Jocelyne Guilbault
Keyword(s):  
Moral Values ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Creative Workers ◽  
Artistic Work ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

AbstractWhile the recent scholarship on labour in cultural industries has drawn attention to the conditions and experiences of ‘creative’ workers, few publications have addressed the ethical values informing their work. In contrast to the widespread assumption that the commercialisation of culture in this era has led to the curtailing of moral values, this article argues that artistic work has never ceased to be informed by moral values, albeit not universal ones. I draw on recent theoretical considerations raised by Mark Banks concerning Alasdair MacIntyre's and Pierre Bourdieu's theories on work ethics within the problematics of creative and cultural industries. I provide an ethnographically grounded case study that extends the presentation of Roy Cape: A Life on the Calypso and Soca Bandstand. The analysis offered suggests how the relationship between what MacIntyre calls the ‘internal and external goods' of a practice requires considerable historical and ethnographic contextualisation. I argue for a pragmatic and experience-centred approach to work ethics in the context of the broader discussion of creative labour.

Kämpfe um Bergbau und die Möglichkeiten demokratischer Transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (189) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the political effects of popular consultations as a means of direct democracy in struggles over mining. Building on concepts from participatory and materialist democracy theory, it shows the transformative potentials of processes of direct democracy towards democratization and emancipation under, and beyond, capitalist and liberal democratic conditions. Empirically the analysis is based on a case study on the protests against the La Colosa gold mining project in Colombia. The analysis reveals that although processes of direct democracy in conflicts over mining cannot transform existing class inequalities and social power relations fundamentally, they can nevertheless alter elements thereof. These are for example the relationship between local and national governments, changes of the political agenda of mining and the opening of new spaces for political participation, where previously there were none. It is here where it’s emancipatory potential can be found.

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