scholarly journals Enactivism & Social Cognition: In Search of the Whole Story

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-250
Author(s):  
Leon de Bruin ◽  
Sanneke de Haan
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Direct Coupling ◽  
Enactive Approach ◽  
Narrative Practice ◽  
Shaun Gallagher

Abstract Although the enactive approach has been very successful in explaining many basic social interactions in terms of embodied practices, there is still much work to be done when it comes to higher forms of social cognition. In this article, we discuss and evaluate two recent proposals by Shaun Gallagher and Daniel Hutto that try to bridge this ‘cognitive gap’ by appealing to the notion of narrative practice. Although we are enthusiastic about these proposals, we argue that (i) it is difficult to see them as continuous with the enactivist notion of direct coupling, and (ii) the failure to account for folk psychological action interpretation suggests that the enactive approach should adopt a broader notion of coupling.

Supporting Social Interactions In Human-Ai Teams: Profiling Human Teammates From Sparse Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 665-669
Author(s):  
Rhyse Bendell ◽  
Jessica Williams ◽  
Stephen M. Fiore ◽  
Florian Jentsch
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Human Agent

Artificial intelligence has been developed to perform all manner of tasks but has not gained capabilities to support social cognition. We suggest that teams comprised of both humans and artificially intelligent agents cannot achieve optimal team performance unless all teammates have the capacity to employ social-cognitive mechanisms. These form the foundation for generating inferences about their counterparts and enable execution of informed, appropriate behaviors. Social intelligence and its utilization are known to be vital components of human-human teaming processes due to their importance in guiding the recognition, interpretation, and use of the signals that humans naturally use to shape their exchanges. Although modern sensors and algorithms could allow AI to observe most social cues, signals, and other indicators, the approximation of human-to-human social interaction -based upon aggregation and modeling of such cues is currently beyond the capacity of potential AI teammates. Partially, this is because humans are notoriously variable. We describe an approach for measuring social-cognitive features to produce the raw information needed to create human agent profiles that can be operated upon by artificial intelligences.

The mirror neuron system in social interactions and schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2111-2111
Author(s):  
T. Kicher
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
The Social

The term social cognition comprises of the perception and cognitive processing of stimuli of the social environment that is necessary to understand one's own behaviour and that of others. Social cognition is important for conscious and unconscious behaviour in social interactions and is composed of the recognition and interpretation of emotions in faces, body language and speech, reflection of one's own mental state and intentions as well as the realization of others’ intentions, thoughts and feelings. The mirror neuron system is involved in empathetic processes. Several aspects of the neural correlates of social interaction, embodiment and the mirror neuron system in schizophrenia and autism will be reported.

scholarly journals Violence reduces attention to faces and draws attention to points of contact

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coltan Scrivner ◽  
Kyoung Whan Choe ◽  
Joseph Henry ◽  
Muxuan Lyu ◽  
Dario Maestripieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Social Features ◽  
Scene Viewing ◽  
Social Scenes

Although violence is a frequently researched topic, little is known about how different social features influence information gathering from violent interactions. Regions of an interaction that provide contextual information should receive more attention. We predicted the most informative features of a violent social interaction would be faces, points of contact, and objects being held. To test this, we tracked the eyes of 90 participants as they viewed images of social interactions that varied with respect to violence. When viewing violent interactions, participants attended significantly less to faces and significantly more to points of contact. Moreover, first-fixation analysis suggests that some of these biases are present from the beginning of scene-viewing. These findings are the first to demonstrate the visual relevance of faces and contact points in gathering information from violent social interactions. These results also question the attentional dominance of faces in active social scenes, highlighting the importance of using a variety of stimuli and contexts in social cognition research.

scholarly journals Gender as Embedded Social Cognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Diekman ◽  
Toni Schmader
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The Self ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Gendered Expectations

We examine gender as a cultural construct enacted through social cognitive processes that are embedded within the self, social interactions, and societal institutions. The embeddedness perspective elaborates how the binary gender categorization can create quite real gendered outcomes and experiences even if gender differences are not biologically essential. These categories take on a reality outside of the mind of perceivers because the meanings attached to gender categories are shared by others in the culture, enacted in social interactions, internalized into self-views, and maintained by social systems. Societal institutions explicitly and implicitly organize around gender, producing gendered norms, roles, and expectations. These norms, roles, and expectations shape the nature of interpersonal interactions both within and across gender lines and an individual’s self-selected experiences. Critically, these social interactions and personal choices in turn create behavioral and cognitive confirmation of the gendered expectations of others. Gendered expectations and experiences become internalized into the self, including one’s own self-concept and gender identity. We close by examining implications of this perspective for gender differences and similarities in social cognition, as well as malleability and stability in gender cognitions and outcomes.

scholarly journals Effects of News Stereotypes on the Perception of Facial Threat

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt ◽  
Nina Steindl ◽  
Peter Vitouch
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
The Media ◽  
Facial Threat

The human face is central to social interactions and therefore of primary importance in social perception. Two recent discoveries have contributed to a more thorough understanding of the role of news stereotypes in the perception of facial threat: First, social-cognition research has revealed that automatically activated stereotypes influence the perception of facial threat. Individuals holding hostile stereotypes toward dark-skinned outgroup members perceive ambiguous dark-skinned faces as more hostile than similar light-skinned faces. Second, media-stereotyping research has found that the media can influence individuals’ automatically activated stereotypes. Combining these two findings, it was hypothesized that reading tabloid articles about crimes committed by dark-skinned offenders would increase the perceived facial threat of meeting dark-skinned strangers in a subsequent situation. This hypothesis was tested in a laboratory experiment. Participants read crime articles where cues indicating (dark) skin color were mentioned or not. The results showed that reading about dark-skinned criminals increases the perceived facial threat of dark-skinned strangers compared with light-skinned strangers.

“Look at Me” – Eye Movements During Autobiographical Retrieval in Face-to-Face Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Quentin Lenoble ◽  
Mohamad El Haj
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Screen Design ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Laboratory Design ◽  
Blank Screen

Abstract. There has been a surge in social cognition and social neurosciences research comparing laboratory and real eye movements. Eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories (i.e., personal memories) in laboratory situations are also receiving more attention. We compared eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories using a strict laboratory design versus a design mimicking social interactions. In the first design, eye movements were recorded during autobiographical memory retrieval while participants were looking at a blank screen; in the second design, participants wore eye-tracking glasses and communicated autobiographical memories to the experimenter. Compared with the “screen” design, the “glasses” design yielded more fixations ( p < .05), shorter duration of fixations ( p < .001), more saccades ( p < .01), and longer duration of saccades ( p < .001). These findings demonstrate how eye movements during autobiographical memory retrieval differ between strict laboratory design and face-to-face interactions.

Mind reading improvements in mentalization-based therapy training

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-82
Author(s):  
Dagmar Steinmair ◽  
Richard Horn ◽  
Felix Richter ◽  
Guoruey Wong ◽  
Henriette Löffler-Stastka
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Therapy Training ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Control Group Group

The psychological strain of many psychiatric disorders arises from difficulties encountered in social interactions. Social withdrawal is often the first symptom of neuropsychiatric disorders. The authors explore the various options for training social cognition skills. Social cognition was assessed using the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). After completion of mentalization-based therapy (MBT) training, MASC scores improved significantly in health care providers (p = .006, r = .57). Mentalizing (operationalized with reflective functioning [RF]) was assessed in the MBT group (Group A) and compared with RF in a control group (Group B). RF was significantly higher in Group A (RF = 4.35, SD = 1.19) than in Group B (RF = 3.43, SD = 1.70) (p = .0385; Cohen's d = 0.65). MBT might be a promising intervention in social cognition training. Mentalizing skills might be associated with attitude.

scholarly journals Brain games: Toward a neuroecology of social behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Gariépy ◽  
Steve W. C. Chang ◽  
Michael L. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Nonhuman Animals

AbstractIn the target article, Schilbach et al. defend a “second-person neuroscience” perspective that focuses on the neural basis of social cognition during live, ongoing interactions between individuals. We argue that a second-person neuroscience would benefit from formal approaches borrowed from economics and behavioral ecology and that it should be extended to social interactions in nonhuman animals.

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