MODELING AND RESEARCH OF ACTIVE ROTARY MICROMIXER FOR MICROFLUID DEVICES

The article develops a laboratory design for mixing substances of three types and a model of active micromixer. The mixing of the particles of the angular velocities of the micromixer is investigated.

Design of in-Depth Conformance Gel Treatment to De-Risk ASP Flooding in a Major Carbonate Reservoir

Mature carbonate reservoirs under waterflood in Kuwait suffer from relatively low oil recovery due to poor sweep efficiency, both areal and microscopic. An Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) pilot is in progress targeting the Sabriyah Mauddud (SAMA) reservoir in pursuit of reserves growth and production sustainability. SAMA suffers from reservoir heterogeneities mainly associated with permeability contrast which may be improved with a conformance treatment to de-risk pre-mature breakthrough of water and chemical EOR agents in preparation for subsequent ASP injection and to improve reservoir contact by the injected fluids. Design of the gel conformance treatment was multi-faceted. Rapid breakthrough of tracers at the pilot producer from each of the individual injectors, less than 3 days, implied a direct connection from the injectors to the producer and poses significant risk to the success of the pilot. A dynamic model of the SAMA pilot was used to estimate in the potential injection of either a high viscous polymer solution (~200 cp) or a gel conformance treatment to improve contact efficiency, diverting injected fluid into oil saturated reservoir matrix. High viscosity polymer injection scenarios were simulated in the extracted subsector model and showed little to no effect on diverting fluids from the high permeability streak into the matrix. Gel conformance treatment, however, provides benefit to the SAMA pilot with important limitations. Gel treatment diverts injected fluid from the high permeability zone into lower permeability, higher oil saturated reservoir. After a gel treatment, the ASP increases the oil cut from 3% to 75% while increasing the cumulative oil recovery by more than 50 MSTB oil over ASP following a high viscosity polymer slug alone. Laboratory design of the gel conformance system for the SAMA ASP pilot involved blending of two polymer types (AN 125SH, an ATBS type polymer, and P320 VLM and P330, synthetic copolymers) and two crosslinkers (chromium acetate and X1050, an organic crosslinker). Bulk testing with the polymer-crosslinker combinations indicated that SAMA reservoir brine resulted in not gel system that would work in the SAMA reservoir, resulting in the recommendation of using 2% KCl in treated water for gel formulation. AN 125 SH with S1050 produce good gels but with short gelation times and AS 125 SH with chromium acetate developed low gels consistency in both waters. P330 and P320 VLM gave good gels with slow gelation times with X1050 crosslinker in 2% KCl. Corefloods with the P330-X 1050 showed good injectivity and ultimately a reduction of permeability of about 200-fold. A P330-X 1050 was recommended for numerical simulation studies. Numerical simulator was calibrated by matching bulk gel viscosity increases and coreflood permeability changes. Numerical simulation indicated two of the four injection wells (SA-0557 and SA-0559) injection profile will change compared to water. Overall injection rate was reduced by the conformance treatment and was the corresponding oil rate. Total oil production from the center pilot production well (SA-0560) decreased with gel treatment but ultimately increased to greater rates

Effect of different Kinesio tape tensions on experimentally-induced thermal and muscle pain in healthy adults

Athletes and rehabilitation specialists have used Kinesio tape (KT) to help alleviate pain symptoms. Currently, no clear mechanism exists as to why pain is relieved with the use of KT and whether the pain relieving effect is simply a placebo effect. Additionally, the most effective taping parameters (tension of tape) for pain reduction remain unknown. We used quantitative sensory testing to address these key gaps in the KT and pain literature. Using a repeated-measures laboratory design, we examined whether KT applied at different tensions reduces experimentally-induced pain compared to a no tape condition and KT with minimal tension. Heat pain thresholds (HPT’s), pressure pain thresholds (PPT’s), and pressure pain suprathreshold (PPS: 125% of PPT) tests were administered to the forearm prior to and during KT and no tape conditions. Tape was applied to the ventral forearm at 25% of max tension, 75% of max tension, and no tension (placebo). Repeated measures ANOVA’s evaluated the pain outcomes between conditions and across time. KT had no significant effect on PPT’s and HPT’s (p’s >0.05). The ANOVA on PPS revealed that KT applied at 25% of tension significantly reduced pain ratings from the pretest (M = 34.4, SE = 5.5) to post-test 1 (M = 30.3, SE = 4.7) and post-test 2 (M = 30.4, SE = 4.7). No other conditions significantly reduced suprathreshold pressure pain. However, pain ratings at posttest-1 during the no-tape condition (M = 36.4, SE = 5.3) were significantly greater than pain ratings during post-test 1 and post-test 2 of all three tape conditions. In conclusion, the current study revealed that KT applied at low tension is the optimal tension to reduce pressure-evoked muscle pain. Additionally, the results suggested that KT applied at low, high, or no tension may acutely prevent increased muscle sensitivity with repeated pressure stimulation.

Improving second language vocabulary learning and retention by leveraging memory enhancement techniques: A multidomain pedagogical approach

We investigated whether learning and retaining vocabulary in a second language (L2) can be improved by leveraging a combination of memory enhancement techniques. Specifically, we tested whether combining retrieval practice, spacing, and related manipulations in a ‘multidomain’ pedagogical approach enhances vocabulary acquisition as compared to a typical learning approach. In a classroom-laboratory design, 48 Turkish university students studying L2 English were trained on 64 English words over 17 days. They were assigned to either a ‘typical’ study regimen of (re)studying the words on the first day (initial study) and last day (cramming) of training, or an ‘optimized’ regimen of retrieval practice (retrieving the words), moreover with feedback, spaced throughout the period, moreover with expanding gaps. The target words were tested before training (pre-test) and one and 11 days afterwards (post-tests). Mixed-effects modeling revealed a training-group by test-session interaction, due to greater improvements from optimized training (a striking 18 percentage-point accuracy increase from pre-test to both post-tests) than typical training (an 8 percentage-point increase). Further analyses showed that the optimized training advantages were mainly driven by high (rather than low) frequency words. Overall, the results suggest that a multidomain approach of combining different memory enhancement techniques can lead to substantial gains in both the learning and retention of L2 words, as compared to a typical study pattern. The findings have implications for L2 learning and pedagogy.

Pathologists’ Perceptions Regarding Oropharyngeal Specimens during Covid-19 Pandemic

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic effected individuals worldwide. A significant number of specimens examined by pathologists are obtained from oropharyngeal region containing a highly viral titer along with increased preference of the virus to these tissues compared to other areas of the body requiring. The need of knowledge, attitudes such as appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) along with discarding of samples and adherence to protocols while dealing with these samples is necessary. Therefore, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of oral pathologists pertaining to modifications in laboratory protocols issued by various international organizations. Methods: A validated questionnaire with 22 close-ended questions was given to academic faculty, practicing pathologists and trainees of the pathology department working in a government institute (n=37). Statistics were applied and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study 16 (73.7%) of the individuals were found to be well aware of the possible modifications in protocols. In addition, 12 (50%) pathologists recommended the use of complete PPE while performing various procedures. Furthermore, 15 (68.2%) individuals were satisfied with their laboratory design and training to combat the possible risks of the disease. p value was found to be 0.50, which shows an insignificant association between pathologists and laboratory practices. Conclusion: The results of the study can be considered satisfactory as they indicate that 16(73.7%) pathologists dealing with oropharyngeal specimens are aware of the modified guidelines regarding laboratory protocols, handling of specimens, architecture and personal protective equipment provided by organizations such as Center for Disease Control and World Health Organization. Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic; Pathologists; Laboratory.

TANJUNGPURA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

Along with the rapid development of Science and Technology (IPTEK) globally, which seems to spread to various segments in the world, it creates competition for every country to take part in the progress of science and technology. To achieve this goal, a mature strategy is needed for equitable distribution of science and technology, a good synergy between institutions and human resources is needed. West Kalimantan has the potential in terms of territory and existing human resources to have the development center, because Universitas Tanjungpura is the largest university in West Kalimantan which has the potential to become a center for science and technology activities, of course with flexible laboratory facilities as a forum for development. The purpose of this design is to produce a design for the Tanjungpura Science and technology laboratory building. Design starts from determining the problem in the design, collecting primary and secondary data related to the design process. Primary data in the form of a field survey on Jl. Prof. Dr. Hadari Nawawi and secondary data from books, journals, and data from related institutions. The data is then processed and analyzed to produce floor plans, views, section and the perspective of exterior and interior. Adaptable architecture design considering physical aspects, spatial aspects, building character and contextual aspects in the design process. This concept resulted in a building design consisting of several separate masses then connected by bridges to achieve spatial attachment, flexible spaces that are comfortable and safe for users and their environment. Standarized and adaptability are the core of the Tanjungpura Science and technology laboratory design

Laboratory Activities to Support Online Chemistry Courses: A Literature Review

The laboratory is an essential element in the teaching and learning of chemistry, but it is challenging to provide this when delivering courses and programs online or at a distance. Studies have repeatedly shown that alternate laboratory modes can lead to equivalent student performance when compared with in-person experiences. In this literature review, we will examine five modes of laboratory delivery (i.e. face-to-face, virtual, remote control, home-study kits and, to a lesser extent self-guided field trips) that may be considered in providing quality practical laboratory activities to support online studies. Each mode brings its own particular strengths and weaknesses and can be used individually or in combination. The selection and integration of those modes, which is driven by learning outcomes and other factors, will be examined as part of the design process. Finally, future laboratory design will certainly include new technologies, but potentially also elements like open educational resources, learning analytics, universal design, and citizen science.

Histopathological changes in liver, kidney and teratogenic effects of mice on exposure to mosquito repellent

Background: Mosquito repellent technology has changed from conventional technology to electric technology, which is more secure and practical. All insect repellent contains chemical compounds that can endanger health. D-Allethrin, the first pyrethroid generation of mosquito repellent is used commercially. Some studies in multi-ethnic population found transplacental transmission in pregnancy. Objective: This study aims to evaluate influences of D-Allethrin in mosquito repellent on liver and kidney, and teratogenic effects in foetal mice. Methods: An experimental laboratory design was conducted in 18 pregnant female Balb/c mice. They were randomized into 3 groups: Group K, P1 and P2. Group K was not given anything. Group P1 and P2 were given exposure pathways of mosquito repellent with inhalation for 12 and 24 hours, in a period of gestational age (0-18 days). On day 19, a Cesar surgery was conducted to take their foetuses and to count the number of living foetuses, dead foetuses, disability, and morphological abnormalities. Results: The administration of allethrin inhalation with dose 12 hours and 24 hours significantly damage mice’s kidney and liver microscopically (p<0.05). A microscopic result of the liver were necrosis in portal areas, hydropic degeneration of lobules, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and fibrosis in the portal area causing a sinusoidal portal to widen. Kidney examination obtained necrosis and hydropic degeneration, as well as the infiltration of lymphocytes and erythrocytes. Teratogenic effects in the foetuses were prematurity and failure of foetal development. Conclusion: Exposure pathways of D-Allethrin in mosquito repellent affected the microscopic appearance of the liver, kidney, and teratogenic effects in the foetuses.

Bottom-Up Strategies for Shared Mobility and Practices in Urban Housing to Improve Sustainable Planning

Recent years have seen the development of numerous innovations in social, constructional, and transportation planning for different forms of communal housing. They illustrate how more sustainable practices in transport and land use can be achieved through the collective provision and use of space and mobility services. The question remains, however, of who needs to be involved in such bottom-up approaches and when in order to ensure their success. What changes are necessary to anchor these approaches in the wider context of urban and transport planning? This paper presents three examples of neighbourhood mobility concepts and the collaborative use of space and land. A research project accompanied the development of these concepts in a real-world laboratory design. The scientists used social-empirical methods and secondary analyses to evaluate social and ecological effects, economic viability and the process of joint development. The results show the high sustainability potential of such neighbourhood concepts: they enable residents to meet their mobility needs, while using fewer vehicles through shared use, reducing the number of journeys and changing their choice of transport. At the same time, promoting and developing community services has been shown to be inhibited by preconditions such as existing planning law. Opportunities and obstacles have been identified and translated into recommendations for action, focusing on municipal urban planning, transport planning, and the housing industry.

Increased Exercise Effort after Artificially-Induced Stress: Laboratory-Based Evidence for the Catharsis Theory of Stress

Background. Evolution prepared humans to deal with physical challenges. Today, people encounter psychosocial stress more than physical stress. However, the physiological response to the contemporary forms of stress is still preserved as the biological evolution’s vestigial heritage. This laboratory investigation aimed to determine whether brief mental stress triggers greater innate (instinctual) effort to ‘let off steam’ than a non-challenging control condition. Method. Using a counterbalanced within-participants laboratory design, 29 young men walked/jogged at voluntary (self-paced) effort after two conditions: a) artificially-induced mental stress comprised by the Stroop Color-Word Task, which lasted for five minutes, and b) a control session, also lasting for five minutes, in which the participants watched a video depicting the world’s ten tallest buildings. Results. The increased arousal after mental stress was carried over into the walk or jog period, and participants worked harder, but they did not perceive exerting greater effort in contrast to the control condition. Conclusions. These results suggest that a ‘flight or fight’ response to psychosocial stress is manifested in the form of subliminal catharsis. While larger-scale studies with more impactful stressors are needed, these preliminary results support the catharsis theory. They might open new research avenues to provide people more physical opportunities for letting off steam before the necessity of treatment with chemical substances or other behavioral therapies. Keywords: cognitive stress, exercise, mental stress, flight or fight, physical activity, psychosocial stress.