Habitual khat chewing alters urinary inorganic profile in adult healthy males

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Ibraheem M. Attafi ◽  
Mohammed Y Albeishy ◽  
Ahmed M. Hakami ◽  
Mohammad A. Attafi ◽  
Ibrahim A. Khardali
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drug Of Abuse ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Khat Chewer ◽  
Healthy Males

Abstract Objectives Khat (Catha edulis) is a stimulant plant, and it is abusive to induce euphoria, alertness and activity. Concomitant use of medications and khat chewing predisposes to the appearance of drug interactions result in treatment failure or toxicity. This study determined the changes in the urinary inorganic profile in adult healthy males who are chewing khat compared with non-khat chewer males. Methods A total of 40 adult non-smoker healthy males (20 khat chewer and 20 non-khat chewer) aged 24–30 years were selected. Khat chewer samples were positive for cathinone and cathine and negative for other drug of abuse, while non-khat chewer samples were negative for drug of abuse include cathinone and cathine. Samples were selected according to their results in immunoassay and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Cathine and cathinone were confirmed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) analysis. Inorganic profile includes titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were determined by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results The levels of Ti, Co, Zn, Cd, and Pb in urine were significantly higher among the khat chewer group compared with non-khat chewer. Ti, Cd, Co, Pb and Zn urine levels were 0.5-, 1.5-, 1.15-, 5-, and 8.2-fold higher in the khat chewer group compared to non-khat chewer, respectively. Conclusions We suggested that continuous khat chewing has a long term effect on metabolic pathway of therapeutic drugs that result in toxicity or failure of therapy.

scholarly journals Analysis of gilded teeth from the 11th–13th c. burial in the Zmeyskiy cemetery (Republic of North Ossetia — Alania)

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Frizen ◽  
E.S. Vashchenkova ◽  
A.Yu. Loboda ◽  
N.N. Presnyakova ◽  
V.M. Pozhidaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Trace Impurities ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
North Ossetia

Presented are the results of analysis of paleoanthropological materials — two teeth with gilded surface — found in catacomb 62 (Excavation III) of the Zmeyskiy burial ground (Stn Zmeyskaya, Kirovsky District, North Ossetia — Alania). The burial is dated to the 11th–12th c. This material is unique both for the area and the cultural tradition, and for the specified period. The scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray micro-analysis, gas chromatography mass-spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used. It has been determined that gilding was performed using organic binders — a mixture of animal fat, linseed and hemp oils. Based on the coating weakness, as well as traces of gilding detected on the dentin below the enamel layer, it has been concluded that the gilding process was postmortem. The analysis of composition of gold (Au 86.2 wt%, Ag 13.2 wt%), micro- and trace impurities, and its comparison with published data made it possible to attribute this gold to epithermal Au-Ag ores.

Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Characterization of Crude Natural Shilajit from Himachal Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-256
Author(s):  
Tanuja Mishra ◽  
Debabrata Sircar ◽  
Harcharan Singh Dhaliwal ◽  
Nasib Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Background: Shilajit is a natural herbomineral ethnomedicinal substance used in Indian traditional systems of medicine since centuries as a rejuvenator, anti-aging and for several health conditions/ailments. Shilajit composition has exhibited considerable variability from different geographical sites and hence there is a need to determine its composition and concentration of bioactive compounds to correlate it with pharmacological activities. Objective: To determine the chemical and mineral constitution of Shilajit obtained from Himachal Pradesh, India. Methods: In the present study, Shilajit was chemically characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), UV-Vis spectroscopy and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results: Chemical elucidation of crude Shilajit from three geographical sites revealed the presence of humic acid, fulvic acid, dibenzo-α-pyrones and several other organic constituents in crude Shilajit. The presence of metals/trace elements was evident in Shilajit samples with potassium being predominant followed by magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron and aluminium. Conclusion: Characterization of Shilajit from Himachal Pradesh supported the structural details of Shilajit already known and also revealed variations in key chemical parameters which might be due to geographical variations and ecological conditions which determine its natural synthesis.

scholarly journals GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY - MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS, INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY INVESTIGATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF CAESALPINIA BONDUCELLA (L.) ROXB SEED KERNEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 315-319
Author(s):  
ALI ALRABIE ◽  
OLA BASAʼA R ◽  
MAZAHAR FAROOQUI
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Caesalpinia Bonducella ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and phytochemical constituents of methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernel using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods: In GC-MS investigation, 95% methanol extract of C. bonducella seed kernel was performed on JEOL GC MATE ΙΙ, column HP 5 MS, and Quadruple, double-focusing mass analyzer. Determination of heavy metals from C. bonducella powder was performed using Thermo scientific I CAP Q instrument, for plant powder digestion Anton Paar Microwave model: Multiwave 300 was used. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using microdilutions broth method. Results: GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of C. bonducella seed kernel has shown 11 different phytoconstituents. ICP-MS analysis has shown the concentration of ten heavy metals in C. bonducella seed kernel as follows: Cr 1.5 ppm, Fe 72.72 ppm, Co 0.33 ppm, Ni 0.03 ppm, Cu 10.73 ppm, Zn 18.44 ppm, As 0.03 ppm, Cd 0.02 ppm, and Pb 0.58 ppm. Conclusion: Result showed that the plant is safe to use from toxic heavy metals such as As, Cd, and Pb. It is suitable to check frequently the heavy metal content in the plant used in traditional medicines before given to patients.

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