scholarly journals Key Enabling Technologies v ČR – internacionalizace výzkumu a průmyslového vlastnictví / Key Enabling Technologies in the Czech Republic – the internationalization of research and of industrial property rights

Ergo ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kučera ◽  
Tomáš Vondrák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies

This article aims to examine the character of the international relationships of the Czech Republic in R&D in the Key Enabling Technologies (KETs), and in the protection of international industrial property rights. The analysis of the publication activities indicates an increase of the internationalization of the Czech R&D in nanotechnology and to a lesser extent in advanced manufacturing technologies both in an absolute volume and relatively to the overall internalization of the whole Czech R&D system. The R&D related to KETs uses the foreign expertise less than is the overall extent of the R&D international collaboration of the Czech Republic. The traditional Czech R&D partners USA, UK, and Germany dominate in the KETs oriented collaborations. The collaboration in photonics and micro- and nanoelectronic with Japan, in nanotechnology with Malaysia and in advanced materials with Singapore is significantly higher than the overall collaboration with these countries. On the other side it is rather disquieting, that countries with advanced R&D like Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Sweden are underrepresented in the KETs oriented Czech collaborative research. The patent analysis indicates that almost a half of the inventions in which the Czech researchers participated, is co-owned by foreign subjects. This probably relates to a significant number of global corporations or subsidiaries with R&D operating in the Czech Republic. In micro- and nanolelectronics and to a significant extent in photonics more than half of patent applications are co-owned by foreign entities. Most of the patent applications originating from Czech inventors are owned by US subjects. On the other hand the fraction of patent applications which have foreign inventors and are co-owned by Czech subjects is significantly lower in comparison with developed countries.

scholarly journals Key Enabling Technologies – is the Czech Republic catching up the leading countries in innovation and technology?

Ergo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kučera ◽  
Tomáš Vondrák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe topic of this contribution is a comparison of the research & development related to the “key enabling technologies” (KETs) in the Czech Republic and the European Union as a whole with selected non-European economies. A further aim of this article is an appraisal of the effect of the European strategies and action programmes which have been implemented since the turn of the decade and which target the lagging of EU in innovations in critical technologies. We use the publication and the patent activities as a proxy to assess the intensity of the KETs oriented R&D. The Asian countries Japan, South Korea and the fast growing China have the highest fraction of KETs oriented publications and patents in their national output. The Chinese State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) recorded in 2015 a half of the world patent applications related to KETs. Measured by their share of publications, the Asian countries exhibit a significantly more intensive R&D in the majority of KETs. Whereas the patent activity of the Asian countries grows the number of patent applications in the EU stagnates in the recent years and EU visibly lags behind the Asian competitors. The EU R&D policies and strategies aimed at the promotion of KET and the financial support does not seem exhibiting visible effects. In the Czech republic KETs became an organic component of the National Research and Innovation Strategy for the intelligent specialisation (National RIS3 strategy) and a number of targeted public financing programmes support KETs related projects. The situation in the Czech Republic has been evolving in a positive way between 2008 and 2016. Both the number of publications and patent applications related to KETs has been increasing and the growth dynamics approaches the Asian countries. The number of publications per research worker in the Czech Republic is on par with the EU. Due to a stronger growth in recent years of the number of patent applications in comparison to EU the Czech republic reached the EU average per researcher and the fraction of the KETs related applications surpasses the EU average and even some developed countries.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF HEALTH TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
Bela Muhi ◽  
◽  
Jelena Vemić Đurković ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
The Republic

Tourism is one of the most dynamic economic sectors, which is constantly evolving and differentiating. As a result of changing economic conditions and current social trends, the behavior of tourism participants who are looking for a more targeted and diverse offer is changing, which leads to the emergence of new and specific forms of tourism. One of these specific forms of tourism is health tourism. This paper aims to analyze tourism in Serbia and the Czech Republic with a special focus on health tourism. The Czech Republic has become one of the top health tourism destinations in Europe. On the other side in Serbia, health tourism has been in the process of development and internationalization in the past few years. In order to successfully develop health tourism, Serbia should follow the example and learn from developed countries in this field, and that is why this paper will describe good examples from the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Ground beetles (Carabidae) from slopes of Macošská stráň and Vilémovická stráň (Protected landscape area of Moravský kras, Czech Republic)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Niedobová ◽  
Vladimír Hula ◽  
Pavla Šťastná
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Red List ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Group A

Collecting of Carabidae was conducted using pitfall traps at four sites. The first two sites (T1 + T2) were at the slope of Macošská stráň and the other two sites (T3 + T4) at the slope of Vilémovická stráň. The study was done in 2008 and 2009. At Macošská stráň in 2008, 21 species of Carabidae with the total number of 228 individuals were found and in 2009, 18 species of the total number of 116 specimens were collected. At Vilémovická stráň in 2008, 22 species of Carabidae with the total number of 1977 specimens were found and in 2009, 21 species of the total number of 623 specimens were caught. In terms of classification of relictness, Macošská stráň in 2008 was dominated by species of adaptable group A (60%), species of eurytop group (E) were represented by 35% and of relic group (R) by 5%. In 2009, the same representation of species of groups A and E (47%) were found and the species of group R were represented by 6%. Vilémovická stráň in 2008 was dominated by species of group A (52%), species of group E were represented by 43% and of group R by 5%. In 2009 also dominated species of group A (54%), species of group E were represented by 41% and of group R by 5%. In the studied area we reported four endangered species of Carabidae protected by Law (No. 395/1992 Coll.) as amended, these were Calosoma auropunctatum (critically endangered), Brachinus crepitans, Carabus ullrichii and Cicindela campestris (endangered) and two species listed under the Red List of Threatened Species of the Czech Republic (Veselý et al., 2005). One of the species is listed as vulnerable (Calosoma auropunctatum) and one as near endangered (Carabus cancellatus). Another significant species found on the monitored sites was Aptinus bombarda.

Privatisation and the Development of Tourism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: Property Rights, Firm Performance, and Recombinant Property

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M Williams ◽  
Vladimir Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Level Performance

Privatisation is one of the key elements of the package of neoliberal reforms in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe which collectively constitute the ‘sharp shock’ strategy. In this, privatisation is ascribed the role of redistributing and clarifying property rights, which is an assumed precondition for efficiency improvements in individual firms. In practice, the transformation is characterised by path dependency, cultural and political legacies, and uneven and partial reform of market institutions and of regulation. We contribute to the debate on the link between property rights and firm-level performance in three main ways. First, we analyse the tourism sector as a counterbalance to the emphasis in the existing literature on manufacturing and financial services; particular emphasis is given to the roles of ‘operators’ and the ‘nomenklatura’, and to complex, nonlinear shifts in property rights. Second, we assess the performance of tourism firms created by different forms of creative and distributive privatisation; this emphasises the diversity of property rights, market segmentation, and the capital and debt structures of firms. Third, the value of the concept of ‘recombinant’ property for analysing the complex and changing forms of property rights is critiqued. These arguments are illustrated through a case study of tourism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

scholarly journals Spiders of the Vine Plants in Southern Moravia

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1471-1476
Author(s):  
Lucie Havlová ◽  
Vladimír Hula ◽  
Jana Niedobová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Red List ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Southern Moravia ◽  
Different Parts

Araneofauna of vineyards is relatively known in Central Europe but we have a lack of knowledge about araneofauna which occur directly on the vine plants. Our investigation was focused on spiders which live on vine plants, especially on the vine plants trunks. We investigated spiders in six vineyards in southern Moravia (Šatov, Mikulov, Popice, Morkůvky, Nosislav and Blučina). Vineyards were under different soil management, traps were placed on different parts of particular locality (terraced and plain) and all localities were under integrated pest management. We employed two types of cardboard traps for spider collecting during whole vegetation season. Altogether, we collected 21 spider species which belong to seven families. The most important species was Marpissa nivoyi (Lucas, 1836), which is mentioned in the Red List as vulnerable (VU) and Sibianor tantulus (Simon, 1868) which had unknown distribution in the Czech Republic. The other very interesting result is that the most common species is myrmecomorph Synageles venator (Lucas, 1836), which is scarcely recorded in such huge numbers as we documented in our study.

Protistátní trestné činy v moderních kodifikacích

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kolumber
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Atlantic Area ◽  
Current Arrangement

The contribution “Anti-state Crimes in Modern Codifications” deals with the topic of anti-state crimes during centuries. Firstly, legal concepts in the pre-state period are mentioned. Then the attention is paid on the evolution of this institute in the Euro-Atlantic area. From this point of view, there are mentioned mainly regulations from England (1351), France (1810), Germany (1871) and Soviet Union (1958) which could be remarked as the most important for the development of other countries. On the other hand, it also reminds the development of codifications in Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which were affected by the Austro-Hungarian legislations as well as German and Soviet approaches. The Czech current arrangement generally does not depart from the other European samples, but it cannot be omitted that in the Czech Republic it is distinguished the penal concept of the high treason (Landesverrat, vlastizrada) from the constitutional concept (Hochverrat, velezrada) which is dedicated to the presidential anti-state activities. The contribution also indicates that the concept of anti-state crimes in countries has not been unified and it has been varying according to various experiences and attitudes.

VALIDITY AND LEGAL EFFECT OF PUBLISHING LICENSE AGREEMENTS ACCORDING TO NEW CZECH LEGISLATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydie Tallova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
License Agreement ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Legal Norms

"This contribution focuses on the new legislation on the publishing license agreement in the Czech Republic. Given the legislative history and its importance in the copyright obligation area, this type of agreement occupies an essential position. The publishing license agreement is the oldest kind of license agreement. It dates back more than sixty years to earlier of the Czech legislation. Since 1953, it has been embedded in the the copyright law as a special subtype of copyright agreements. After the recent reform of the Czech private law, this legal body underwent a fundamental legislative change consisting of the transfer of this piece of legislation from the copyright law to the New Civil Code in order to unify the duality of the previous license agreement legislation formerly embedded in two legal norms of the Czech legal system. While the license provisions for literary, artistic and scientific works were contained in the copyright law provisions, the legal protection for industrial property objects, including corresponding license provisions, were subject to the commercial code. In connection with the private law reform, the New Civil Code came into effect on 1 January 2014 and its framework provided the lawmakers with a chance to unify the previously fragmented license agreement legislation into a single legal provision, while at the same time respecting the particularities of the license under copyright law. The unified license agreement legislation for commercial and civil relations in connection with the reform of local private law is newly defined in Sec. 2358 and 2389 of New Civil Code (Act No. 89/2012 Sb.), while the publishing license agreement provisions are defined in a special provision in Sec. 2384 and 2386 thereof. The new legislation has adopted the previous legislation from both special acts without any fundamental changes. However, minor changes are introduced to licensing law in the Czech Republic which are further specified in this paper. The issue under review is set in a theoretical framework and simultaneously depicted in a historical context. This paper presents the topic in its complexity by highlighting the overlap of the introduced changes in license agreement legislation with other provisions of the private law."

Pervasive Networks and Ubiquitous Monitoring for Wellness Monitoring in Residential Aged Care

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Leroy Lai Yu Chan ◽  
Branko George Celler ◽  
James Zhaonan Zhang ◽  
Nigel Hamilton Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Residential Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies

It is becoming more critical for developed countries to deliver long-term and financially sustainable healthcare services to an expanding ageing population, especially in the area of residential aged care. There is a general consensus that innovations in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are key enabling technologies for reaching this goal. The major focus of this chapter is on WSN design considerations for ubiquitous wellness monitoring systems in residential aged care facilities. The major enabling technologies for building a pervasive WSN will be explored, including details on sensor design, wireless communication protocols and network topologies. Also examined are various data processing methods and knowledge management tools to support the collection of sensor data and their subsequent analysis for health assessment. Future systems that incorporate the two aspects of wellness monitoring, vital signs and activities of daily living (ADL) monitoring, will also be introduced.

scholarly journals The Fluvisol and sediment trace element contamination level as related to their geogenic and anthropogenic source  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vácha ◽  
M. Sáňka ◽  
O. Sáňka ◽  
J. Skála ◽  
J. Čechmánková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Soil Load ◽  
Definition Of

The upper values of the extractability of trace elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in 2 mol/L HNO<sub>3</sub> and 0.025 mol/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (compared with their pseudototal content in aqua regia) for determination of prevailing anthropogenic and geogenic soil load were proposed and compared with the results of the other 30 Fluvisol samples collected from the Labe fluvial zone. The increased geogenic load of Fluvisols was confirmed in the case of Be and As in some localities where low extractability with increased pseudototal contents were detected as opposed to the other elements when their increased pseudototal contents were followed by their increased extractability. The maps of probability of increased geogenic soil load in the area of the Czech Republic based on the comparison of geological substrates and trace element load were constructed. The combination of proposed elements extractability values for geogenic load together with developed maps is a suitable tool for the definition of prevailing Fluvisol or sediment load on some localities in the whole area of the Czech Republic. The results can be also a useful tool in the decision making processes regarding dredged sediment application on agricultural soil (support tool for legislative norms, Direction No. 257/2009 Sb.).

scholarly journals  Faecal shedding of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in cattle in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Alexa ◽  
L. Konstantinova ◽  
Z. Sramkova-Zajacova
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Somatic Antigen ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
One Year

A survey to estimate the prevalence of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) or enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in rectal swabs from healthy dairy cattle aged three weeks, three months and one year was conducted in three herds from the Czech Republic. Screening for the presence of the stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes in faecal swab cultures was performed by PCR, and in positive samples, isolated colonies were examined. Immunomagnetic separation was used for the isolation of the VTEC serogroup O157 from samples. VTEC were detected in animals from all three herds under study. In the group of 3-week-old calves, VTEC were only detected in samples collected in the summer months. However, in the other age-groups, VTEC were detected in both the summer and winter months. EHEC shedding was observed in 30 to 100% of the total samples collected from cattle aged three months and one year in the summer months, and in 30 to 60% of samples taken in the winter months. EHEC strains of serogroup O157 were detected in two herds. The range of verotoxins shed by VTEC isolates of serogroup O157 differed between herds. Besides serogroup O157, additional EHEC belonging to the antigen groups O26, O103, O128 and O153 have been identified, and in some of them, no somatic antigen was detected.

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