scholarly journals Rural Architectural and Planning Forms as a Source of Diversity for Urban Environment (Case Study of Moscow)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Savchenko ◽  
Tatiana Borodina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
The City ◽  
Ways Of Life

Abstract Inclusion of specific rural architectural and planning forms in the urban structure of Moscow is analysed. As a theoretical background, theories of Garden-Cities (Howard, 1902), Rural-urban continuum (Sorokin, Zimmerman, 1929), Slow city (Mayer, Knox, 2009) are considered. Inclusion of rural architectural and planning forms is analysed for different structural elements of Moscow’s urban environment – public spaces, industrial areas, residential areas, street and road network. Authors argue that once included into the structure of the city, rural planning and architectural forms do not disappear, but after the termination of the implementation of their parent species and ways of life, which are really related to agriculture and other “non-urban” activities, they are transformed for integration into urban life and the environment, contributing to an increase in their diversity. This pattern can be traced consistently, at least, from the XVIII century.

scholarly journals A topofilia dos cidadãos para com o patrimônio natural urbano: O caso da cidade de Coimbra

GeoTextos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Salles Maria de Macedo Rego ◽  
João Luis Jesus Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Argument ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Quality Of Urban Life ◽  
The City

O trabalho em questão analisa, segundo o prisma da Geografia, a importância do patrimônio natural em ambiente urbano. Como objetivo principal, pretende compreender a percepção que os residentes na cidade de Coimbra (Portugal) têm da natureza e do papel que o património natural pode desempenhar na qualidade de vida da cidade. Para alcançar esses objetivos, inicia-se o texto com uma reflexão teórica que percorre conceitos como a topofilia e os olhares sociais sobre o ambiente e a natureza em contexto citadino. Depois, seguem-se dois procedimentos diferentes, mas complementares: (1) Como forma de registro da presença e do estado de conservação da natureza em Coimbra e da interação entre os cidadãos e o patrimônio natural naquele espaço geográfico, fez-se uma análise de campo com a montagem de um banco de dados fotográficos que representam excertos deste território; (2) Inquéritos por meio de entrevistas, em dois bairros da cidade – Vale das Flores e Monte Formoso – privilegiando adultos com idades superiores aos 30 anos. Apesar de a pesquisa ter revelado algumas contradições entre a prática e o discurso na percepção e na relação topofílica para com as áreas verdes urbanas, concluiu-se que a presença do patrimônio natural no ambiente urbano ainda se apresenta como uma questão secundária. Contudo, também se verificou que, para reforço desta relação simbólica e/ou funcional, o patrimônio natural deve estar presente em todo o contínuo urbano e não ficar restrito aos bairros mais elitizados ou aos parques. Abstract THE CITIZENS TOPOPHILIA AND THE NATURAL URBAN PATRIMONY: COIMBRA’S CASE STUDY This paper analyzes the importance of natural patrimony in the urban environment, under the prism of geography. The main objective of this study is to understand how nature is perceived in the city of Coimbra (Portugal) and the role that green areas and natural patrimony has in the quality of urban life. To achieve these objectives, this article discusses the conceptual argument about environmental perception, topophilia and the nature in the city. For this, it was used two different procedures: (1) Field analysis on the city of Coimbra with purpose to setting up a photographic database, to verify the presence, conservation and relationship to the natural patrimony inserted in urban environment; (2) Investigation through interviews in two neighborhoods of the city – Vale das Flores and Monte Formoso. The data revealed that the perception and the topophilic relationship to urban green areas are marked by the contradiction between practice and discourse. It was concluded that the presence of natural patrimony in the urban environment still present itself as a secondary issue. Moreover, it was concluded that to strengthen this relationship symbolically and/or functionally the natural patrimony must be present throughout all the continuous urban areas and should not be restricted to elite neighborhoods or parks.

scholarly journals The dynamics of population distributions in cities based on daily mobile phone operations: A case study of some Moravian cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Gabriel Kopáčik ◽  
Antonín Vaishar ◽  
Eva Šimara
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Dynamics Of Population ◽  
The City ◽  
Permanent Residents

Abstract Analyses of the changes in the presence of persons in different central and residential parts of urban areas are subject to evaluation in this paper. Case studies of the cities of Brno, Ostrava and Zlín during the day and night are highlighted. Data from a provider of mobile phone services were used for the analyses. It appears that the data can be important for the comparison of different urban structures. The results demonstrate that the organisation of urban structure affects the number of visitors and thus the area attractiveness. It was confirmed that the number of mobile phone users in the city cores is higher than the number of permanent residents. The greatest differences between the day and night in the city cores were found in Brno, a concentric city with the most important central functions among the cities studied. Differences between the day and night in residential areas were not as large as expected. City neighbourhoods in Brno showed some specific rhythmicity.

Bike your City: Planning and Designing Cycling Infrastructure in the Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jack J. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Design Case Study ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Graphical Design ◽  
The City

<p>Cycling is a memory of the past for most of us, the lack of support from the authorities on the cycling infrastructure made it difficult to attract people to cycle in the city. Urban sprawl, traffic congestion, car dependency, environmental pollution and public health concerns have pressured cities around the world to consider reintegrating cycling into the urban environment.  Design as a research method was utilised to investigate the effectiveness of design methodology and workflow for cycling infrastructure from an architecture and design perspective. Using Wellington City as a design case study, this research aimed to improve the legibility, usability and the image of cycling as a mode of transport in the city. To achieve this, a customisable graphical design framework and branding strategies were developed to structure and organise the design components within cycling infrastructure. The findings from the iterative design processes were visualised through the appropriate architectural and presentation conventions.  This research provided an unique architectural perspectives on the issues of cycling infrastructure; the results would support the transportation advisers and urban planners to further the development and integration of cycling, as a viable mode of transport, within the city.</p>

scholarly journals PECREATIVITY | PEOPLE ECONOMY CITY: THE CASE OF LONDON AS A PROACTIVE INVESTIGATION TOOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Giuliana Bonifati
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Social Fields

The current historical context is characterised by a significant change in the economic and social fields that have led to the development of the economy of creativity and knowledge. This condition has laid the basis for the rise of a new social class. This radical change in the productive paradigm has started a series of modifications to urban spaces, setting in place a rooted change in the fabric of the city.The objective of this paper is to understand and interpret the nature of the changes under way and to investigate how what occurred in economic and social fields influenced the processes of urban regeneration. Starting from a theoretical background it will examine the concept of creativity applied to economics and social sciences. Secondly, by identifying the urban environment of London as a case study, it will analyze single cases that will show the root of these practices within urban spaces. The purpose of it will be verified by the possibility of building urban transformation strategies that use creativity as the tool of change.

The Urban Environment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Hanawalt
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Ceremonial Life ◽  
The City

London’s civic world included the Thames and the city walls, the main market (Cheapside), the Guildhall, major churches, wards, and parishes, the physical features that had a role in the city’s ceremonial life. Social divisions played a crucial role in urban life. To be “free of the city” (citizens or freemen) was a franchise limited to those who completed apprenticeships or bought the right. The number of freemen was a small fraction of the population, and among them, the members of the elite who governed was even smaller. London’s society was hierarchical at every level, with elites taking leadership positions in government and in the gilds. Londoners were loyal and curious about their history. They kept books with stories of its creation and major events and documents. The proximity of the Tower on one side and Westminster on the other were influential in London’s relationship with the crown.

scholarly journals The sustainable urban design on the example of Oświęcim

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00080
Author(s):  
Krystyna Paprzyca
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

The quality of the urban environment determines a lasting relationship between a man and his place of residence. Sustainable management of the urban spaces is crucial as it directly affects their quality. The article analyses the results of the sustainability regarding spatial, socio-economic, technical and environmental aspects, which are one of the many conditions that contribute to the proper functioning of urban life. They also influence the quality of life and residence in the urban environment. There are different ways of expressing the development of the cities defined by specific indicators. They focus mainly on development of the quality of life - social, economic and environmental development. The sustainable urban design is related to issues connected with the form and spatial management. This topic is presented on the example of the city of Oświęcim - the Old Town district with the surrounding area.

Women’s behaviour in public spaces and the influence of privacy as a cultural value: The case of Nablus, Palestine

Urban Studies ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1559-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Al-Bishawi ◽  
Shadi Ghadban ◽  
Karsten Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Culture Of Gender ◽  
Privacy Issues

The aim of this paper is to study how women’s privacy needs are met through the physical form of public spaces in both old and new urban designs, using as a case study the city of Nablus, Palestine, which has been significantly influenced by the culture of gender separation. The findings will help develop a better understanding of the relationship between women’s privacy and the physical form of public spaces and will enhance the development of public spaces that women can use comfortably and actively to participate in the urban life. An environmental approach based on the concept of behavioural setting was used to examine women’s privacy issues in the chosen public spaces. Direct observations and questionnaires were used in the fieldwork, in addition to interviews with women and relevant people who influence the women’s privacy. Maps (GIS), sketches and SPSS techniques were used to interpret the data.

scholarly journals The apparatus theory: ‘Religion in the city’

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Geel ◽  
Jaco Beyers
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
The One ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

The apparatus theory is used to challenge the interpretation of religion and also to determine whether religion is a factor to contend with in modern society. Religion could be the element that keeps the city intact or could be the one element that is busy ruining our understanding of reality and the way this interacts with society in the urban environment. Paradigms determine our relationships. In this case, the apparatus theory would be a more precise way of describing not only our relationship towards the city but also the way in which we try to perceive our relationship with religion and the urban conditions we live in. This article gives theoretical background to the interpretation and understanding of the relationship between various entities within the city. The apparatus of the city creates space for religion to function as a binding form. Religion could bind different cultures, diverse backgrounds and create space for growth.

scholarly journals The use of GIS to study accessibility of the urban environment (case study of Secondary Cities project)

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Statics And Dynamics ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
The City

Issues of social protection of people with disabilities, the state of introduction of such people into society as well as the accessibility of the environment are considered by many researchers. The purpose of the article is to reveal possibilities of using GIS in the study of urban environment accessibility on the case study of Secondary Cities project, implemented in Kharkiv. The main material. One of the main problems that limits mobility of people with special needs is the lack of information on available community resources and services. The most popular way of solving this problem is to develop separate maps of accessibility and geographic information systems for vulnerable populations. Secondary Cities project deals with the detailed study of the city infrastructure in terms of its accessibility to vulnerable population. At the preparatory stage, 2 series of workshops were conducted for the participants. Implementation of the project in Kharkiv can be divided into several stages: collection of geospatial data and their initial analysis; development of cartographic products, mobile applications and recommendations for improving accessibility of the urban environment. Data collection is currently ongoing, which is mainly performed with the help of Survey 123 mobile application. According to the project goal, data have been collected for three general feature categories: «Mobility», «Community Resources and Services», «Public Safety». All the objects, by the level of accessibility, were divided into 3 classes: accessible, limited access, not accessible. In particular, among 419 public establishments of the city center 42% are accessible, 31% have limited accessibility and 27% are not accessible at all. It can be assumed that accessibility of facilities in remote areas of the city is even lower. Conclusions. The most accessible way to receive operative information on the statics and dynamics of social infrastructure for vulnerable population is the use of geoinformation systems. Projects like Secondary Cities should be implemented in other settlements of Ukraine.

scholarly journals PHENOMENON OF SENSE OF THE PLACE AS AN INTEGRAL DIMENSION OF CITYSCAPE IDENTITY (KAUNAS CASE) / VIETOS JAUSMO REIŠKINYS KAIP NEATSIEJAMAS MIESTOVAIZDŽIO IDENTITETO DĖMUO (KAUNO MIESTO ATVEJIS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Ingrida Povilaitienė ◽  
Jūratė Kamičaitytė-Virbašienė
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Urban Territories

The paper intends to examine the sense of the place phenomenon. The generic hypothesis is that there are certain factors which determine a particular level of sense of the place and at the same time the overall place identity. In order to test this hypothesis, it is necessary: to overview concepts of cityscape identity and sense of the place and their research methodology; to identify residents’ sense of the place in the specific urban environment; to assess the significance of the sense of the place predictors distinguished in the related literature in the particular case; to find out what factors, according to the residents, are the most important to their place attachment; to reveal positive and negative aspects of the certain urban territories; to distinguish the most preferred areas from the total urban structure and to find out the reasons for the appeal; by summarizing the results, to identify the factors that enhance the sense of place, and thus the overall cityscape identity. Kaunas city and its neighbourhoods were chosen for the case study The methods of the research include: the overview of the scientific literature, the semi-structured interview with Kaunas residents; systematization, comparison and generalization of all collected data. Šiame straipsnyje gilinamasi į vietos jausmo reiškinį ir atskleidžiama jo reikšmė holistiniam miestovaizdžio identitetui. Pirminė tyrimo hipotezė teigia, kad egzistuoja tam tikri veiksniai, kurie nulemia vienokį ar kitokį vietos jausmo lygį, kartu ir bendrą vietos identitetą. Siekiant patikrinti šią hipotezę reikia apžvelgti miestovaizdžio identiteto ir vietos jausmo sampratas bei jų tyrimų metodiką; nustatyti gyventojų vietos jausmą konkrečioje urbanistinėje aplinkoje; konkrečiu atveju įvertinti literatūroje išskiriamų vietos jausmo prognozinių rodiklių įtaką; išsiaiškinti, kokie veiksniai, anot gyventojų, lemia jų prisirišimą prie vietos; atskleisti konkrečių urbanistinių teritorijų teigiamus elementus ir neigiamus aspektus; iš bendros urbanistinės struktūros išskirti patraukliausias teritorijas ir išsiaiškinti jų patrauklumo priežastis; apibendrinus rezultatus, nustatyti veiksnius, stiprinančius vietos jausmą, o kartu ir bendrą miestovaizdžio identitetą. Atvejo studijai pasirinktas Kauno miestas ir jo mikrorajonai. Tyrimo metodai apima susijusios mokslinės literatūros apžvalgą, pusiau struktūrinę Kauno miesto gyventojų apklausą, duomenų susisteminimą, palyginimą ir apibendrinimą.

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