scholarly journals Health condition of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Kampinos National Park – preliminary studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Łukasz Tyburski ◽  
Paweł Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
National Park ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Pine Trees

Abstract In 2015 in Kampinos National Park (KNP), monitoring of tree crown condition was conducted in specimens of the Scots pine, which is the dominant tree species in the park (73.3%). The monitoring was aimed at providing information about the health of pine trees in the national park area. The monitoring was conducted on 26 plots throughout the park. The stands where the pine is not a dominant species were omitted. On each plot, 20 trees were subjected to assessment. In total, 520 pine trees were examined. The monitoring was conducted by the assessment of tree crowns based on the adapted forest monitoring methodology conducted as part of National Environmental Monitoring. On the basis of the monitoring, it was found that 75.4% of the trees are characterised by slight defoliation and 94.4% of the specimens were not found to have discoloration of the assimilation apparatus. No differences were found between areas situated closer and further from the administrative borders of Warsaw. On the basis of the monitoring, it was found that the pine trees in KNP are in a good health condition. Dendrometric measurements show that the average diameter at breast height (DBH) of the analysed trees is 26.6 cm. The average height of the trees is 20.4 m. The average age of the examined tree stands is 84. The monitoring will be continued in subsequent years in order to record the changes taking place in tree crowns.

THE EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE STRUCTURE OF ALEPPO PINE TREES IN THE CHETTABA FOREST (ALGERIA)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haddad Amar ◽  
Rached-Kanouni Malika
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Relationship Of

Knowledge of vegetation characteristics is necessary for the management of disturbed areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of elevation on tree structure in Aleppo pine spatial systems in the Chettaba forest, located in northeastern Algeria. An inventory of trees of P. halepensis forest formations was conducted based on dendometric parameters (tree diameter and height) which were measured on 4 plots (30 m × 30 m). The results obtained showed that the average height varies from 7.79 cm to 9.71 cm, while the average diameter appears from 24.39 cm to 30.61 cm, respectively. The height-diameter relationship of the trees varies with the altitude horizons (774 m to 1023 m). The Weibull theoretical distribution was used to characterize stand structure, due to its flexibility and the wide variability of distribution shapes it produces. Management measures, such as full protection of forest relics, will have to be implemented.

scholarly journals The relationship between height and diameter trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the extent of crown defoliation in the Kampinos National Park

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Paweł Przybylski ◽  
Łukasz Tyburski ◽  
Vasyl Mohytych
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
National Park ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Stand Damage

AbstractForests in Kampinos National Park contain some of the most valuable tree populations in Poland. Particularly interesting are stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) that are more than 130-years-old. Periodic observations of the health of tree crowns in these stands facilitates a wide range of research investigations. This article evaluates statistical relationships between allometric features of trees and the occurrence and severity of crown defoliation.Observations were made of 5 pine populations in 2017 and 2019, in which detailed data were collected for 250 trees. The percentage loss of the assimilation apparatus and level of stand damage were calculated.The results revealed a significant increase in defoliation between 2017 and 2019. The deterioration of crown condition was particularly evident on the most fertile sites. The degree of crown damage was not correlated with tree height or diameter. The greatest increase in defoliation between 2017 and 2019 was observed for the most severely damaged trees growing on fertile sites.This study contributes analyses aimed at correlating the allometric features of a stand with its health. Such information is valuable as it describes the status of the analysed stands, as well as providing information about how trees have responded to environmental conditions. In this study, crown defoliation coincided with a period of drought in Poland, which appears to have affected pine stands. For these reasons, the results are of both scientific and practical value.

scholarly journals The state of crowns of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) in Kampinos National Park (Central Poland) in years 2015–2016 – preliminary studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Łukasz Tyburski ◽  
Paweł Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Study Results

Abstract During 2015 and 2016, in the Kampinos National Park (KNP), monitoring was conducted for the population of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.), which occupies 12.5% of the tree stands in the park and, after the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), is the second most important species there. The aim of the observation was to obtain data about the current condition of alder in the National Park. Monitoring was carried out on eight plots designated throughout the park. Stands where alder was not the dominant species were omitted. On each plot, 20 trees were evaluated with a total of 160 plants assessed. The age of the tree stands analysed was 55–120 years. Monitoring was conducted by assessing the tree’s crowns, based on the methodology of forest monitoring implemented by the National Environmental Monitoring. Based on the analyses, it was found that the average defoliation of alder in 2015 reached 28.1%, and 34.4% in 2016, with the differences being statistically significant. Among 70% of the specimens, there was no discoloration of the assimilation apparatus. There were significant differences in defoliation between research plots located inside the park and near its borders, which can be associated with the influence of anthropogenic factors. Based on the monitoring, it was found that the state of alder crowns in KNP is a warning or average, depending on the year of observation. Therefore, it is necessary to continue monitoring the state of alder crowns in KNP. On the basis of the study results, it was also found that the biosocial structure of the researched tree stands is formed correctly. The dendrometric measurements conducted show that the average diameter of the trees analysed, at breast height was 30.5 cm with an average height of 25.5 m. To analyse the changes in height and breast height, dendrometric measurements must be repeated in 2020. Monitoring will be continued in the following years to observe the changes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Scots pine growth dynamics in Polissya and Steppe zone of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 533-543
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Lovynska ◽  
Andriy Terentiev ◽  
Petro Lakyda ◽  
Svitlana Sytnyk ◽  
Olexander Bala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Biometric Indices

The goal of the study was to compare the dynamic changes in individual biometric indices of Scots pine in different natural zones of Ukraine, Polissya and Steppe. Scots pine stands were mainly concentrated in the Polissya zone, and their area was 3.6 times larger than that of forests in the Steppe zone, and the total wood stock by 4.6 times. The regression equations for biometric indices of artificial modal stands were developed. A comparison of the average height, diameter, and wood stock for pine stands of site index І<sup>а</sup>, I, and II growing in Polissya and Steppe was made. It was found that the average differences in the average height (from 1.9 to 2.6 m) are observed at the age of 15–20 years. For the average diameter, the difference increases with age and the growth of the site index. The difference in the average stock is constantly increasing with age. At the age of 20 years this difference is 20–30 m<sup>3</sup>, and at the age of 120 years from 100 to 120 m<sup>3</sup> depending on the site index. The developed growth models can be used in planning and prioritizing appropriate forestry activities for pine stands growing in specific regional conditions.

scholarly journals The current state of the pine shelter belt in the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
A. I. Lobanov ◽  
V. V Mulyava ◽  
N. A. Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Forest Shelter Belts

xModern forest shelter belts do not fully protect arable land and most often have a different life state. In theseconditions, the preservation of forest belts, their performance of protective functions in the system of agroforestry andother complex measures remains an urgent task. The studies were carried out in a field-protective forest belt located in thevicinity of the Oktyabrsky village of the Krasnoturansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, where a temporary test plotwas laid using generally accepted methods. The aim of the research was to study the current state of this forest belt by identifying the sanitary state and preservation of the stand and growth rates of Scots pine. Analysis of the current state of thestand showed that the average category of the state of trees is 1.3 points. The stand safety is 44.9%. Pine trees at the age of 28after planting have reached an average height of 11.6 m with an average diameter of 19.1 cm. The forest belt has an optimalopenwork-blown design and is capable of self-renewal naturally. To prevent further degradation of arable leached chernozems in treeless areas of the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it is advisable to create pine forest shelter belts.

scholarly journals Growth and structure of pre-mature mixed stands of Scots pine created by direct seeding in the boreal zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ilintsev ◽  
Darya Soldatova ◽  
Alexander Bogdanov ◽  
Sergey Koptev ◽  
Sergey Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Normal Distribution Curve ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Northern European Russia

The purpose of the research is to analyse the successful creation of an artificial pine forest by seeding and develop recommendations for the guaranteed reproduction of pine stands in Northern European Russia. In recent decades, there has been a steady decline in the share of pine stands and their replacement with low-value and low-yielding tree species. We surveyed 12 permanent sample plots that were laid out in various variants of forest crops. The taxation parameters were obtained by a standard analysis of the experimental data. The evaluation parameters of the stands vary within the following limits: the average diameter of the pine trees varied from 21.9 to 30.9 cm; the total basal area of the pine varied from 19.1 to 38.8 m2∙ha–1; the average height of the pine varied from 20.1 to 26.8 m; the number of growing trees varied from 754 to 1 952 ha–1; the pines varied from 382 to 762 ha–1; the growing stocks of stands varied from 416 to 608 m3∙ha–1. The distribution of pine trees by thickness steps showed that all the studied samples were close to the normal distribution curve. The results of the correlation and multidimensional analyses showed that the creation method of the forest crops had a significant impact on the value of the taxation parameters. It was found that the best options for growing pure pine stands that can be recommended for practical production are plots with a large share of soil cultivation and the size of the seedbed.

scholarly journals Simulation of Scots pine stand dynamics under climate change conditions in the Polish and Ukrainian parts of Roztocze

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Ihor Kozak ◽  
Patrycja Czekajska ◽  
Hanna Kozak ◽  
Adam Stępień ◽  
Piotr Kociuba
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
National Park ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract The study was conducted in the Polish (Roztoczanski National Park) and Ukrainian (Rava-Rus’ka Landscape Reserve and Yavorivskyi National Park) parts of the Roztocze region. In each of these locations three research areas were established in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands under similar ecological conditions. The purpose of this study was to carry out a survey of possible scenarios for pine stand dynamics in the Polish and Ukrainian parts of Roztocze using the FORKOME model. A control scenario was compared with four other climate change scenarios (warm dry and warm humid; cold dry and cold humid) for a period of covering the next 100 years. Using the control scenario, the FORKOME model predicted that for the next 100 years pine stands will dominate in terms of biomass and number of trees. The warm-dry and warm-humid climate scenarios resulted in slightly reduced biomass of pine stands. However pine would still maintain its dominance, although with a noticeable increase in beech and fir biomass. Nevertheless, in term of the number of trees during the second half of the simulation, it is beech and fir that dominate stand 1 in Roztoczanski National Park. Under the climate cooling scenario (cold dry and cold humid), the biomass of pine and spruce would increase during the next 100 years. Pine trees that would dominate in terms of their numbers, although the number of spruce individuals also tends to increase. The results presented in the paper indicate that the FORKOME model is very useful when investigating different climate changes scenarios in the Roztocze region.

ROLE OF RETINOL AND TOCOPHEROL IN COMBATING SMOG CAUSED ILLNESS AMONG YOUNG WOMAN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisma Laeeque
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Good Health Condition

Retinol and Tocopherol are commonly known as fat soluble Vitamin A and D. This research was undertaken with the objective to study Vitamin A and D’s effect in combating smog caused illness among females. This case report highlights diseases caused among young woman of Lahore due to smog. Hypothesis formulated for this study was accepted after testing that intake of daily-recommended amount of Vitamin A and D by females helps them in fighting diseases caused by smog. An intervention based on Food and Nutrition Board’s Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) was planned. After the analysis of data by SPSS and excel, it was indicated that women could fight smog caused diseases better by including Vitamin A and D in their daily diet. It was also found that a strong positive correlation existed between good health condition among females and intake of Vitamin A and D.

Silvicultural characteristics of a Scots pine stand on drift sands

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maddelein ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Regeneration

The  study of a seventy years old stand of Scots pine on drift sands proves that  Scots pine growth on these sites was and is still relatively good: average  diameter 27.6 cm, average height 19.4 m, standing volume 213 m3 and an annual increment  of 4.9 m3.ha-1.yr-1. All Scots pines  belong to the upper storey. Yet considerable differences in crown development  and vitality are observed. The current growth rate and the spontaneous  settlement of pine seedlings under canopy show the ideal conditions for the  creation of a high forest with reserves. Anyway a rotation period of more  than 70 years is recommendable.     On several places a consolidated regeneration of Scots pine seedlings under  canopy occur. Groups with a stem number of 700 to 3,500 seedlings per are, ranging  in age from 3 to 11 years and in height from 10 to 170 cm, are present. This  Scots pine regeneration has developed in a normal mor humus layer and in a  dense Deschampsia mat.      Broadleaved regeneration is not so abundant, and consists for 75 % of black  cherry. Absence of seed trees, browsing damage and the exclusive character of  black cherry are the limiting factors for the installation and survival of  valuable indigenous species, such as pedunculate oak.     Provided that black cherry is removed and that the regeneration is  protected against wild damage, it is possible to create a mixed forest  dominated by Scots pine but with a considerable admixture of indigenous  broadleaved trees. However, if black cherry will not be sufficiently  controlled, it can be expected that in a first phase black cherry will  dominate the understorey, that it will prevent the regeneration of all other  species and that, very soon, it will form an almost single-species dominated  stage in forest succession.

scholarly journals Interacting effects of insect and ungulate herbivory on Scots pine growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Nordkvist ◽  
Maartje J. Klapwijk ◽  
La rs Edenius ◽  
Christer Björkman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Ungulate Herbivory ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractMost plants are subjected to damage from multiple species of herbivores, and the combined impact on plant growth can be non-additive. Since plant response to herbivores tends to be species specific, and change with repeated damage, the outcome likely depend on the sequence and number of attacks. There is a high likelihood of non-additive effects on plant growth by damage from mammals and insects, as mammalian herbivory can alter insect herbivore damage levels, yet few studies have explored this. We report the growth response of young Scots pine trees to sequential mammal and insect herbivory, varying the sequence and number of damage events, using an ungulate-pine-sawfly system. Combined sawfly and ungulate herbivory had both additive and non-additive effects on pine growth—the growth response depended on the combination of ungulate browsing and sawfly defoliation (significant interaction effect). Repeated sawfly herbivory reduced growth (compared to single defoliation) on un-browsed trees. However, on browsed trees, depending on when sawfly defoliation was combined with browsing, trees exposed to repeated sawfly herbivory had both higher, lower and the same growth as trees exposed to a single defoliation event. We conclude that the sequence of attacks by multiple herbivores determine plant growth response.

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