scholarly journals The Software Cost Estimation Method Based on Fuzzy Ontology

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Przemysław Plecka ◽  
Krzysztof Bzdyra
Keyword(s):  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
Contract Negotiations ◽  
Sales Process ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
The Cost

Abstract In the course of sales process of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems, it turns out that the standard system must be extended or changed (modified) according to specific customer’s requirements. Therefore, suppliers face the problem of determining the cost of additional works. Most methods of cost estimation bring satisfactory results only at the stage of pre-implementation analysis. However, suppliers need to know the estimated cost as early as at the stage of trade talks. During contract negotiations, they expect not only the information about the costs of works, but also about the risk of exceeding these costs or about the margin of safety. One method that gives more accurate results at the stage of trade talks is the method based on the ontology of implementation costs. This paper proposes modification of the method involving the use of fuzzy attributes, classes, instances and relations in the ontology. The result provides not only the information about the value of work, but also about the minimum and maximum expected cost, and the most likely range of costs. This solution allows suppliers to effectively negotiate the contract and increase the chances of successful completion of the project.

scholarly journals The Use of Experts Panels in ERP Cost Estimation Research

2013 ◽  
pp. 675-688
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elragal ◽  
Moutaz Haddara
Keyword(s):  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Cost Drivers ◽  
Cost Estimation Model ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

This chapter is an effort towards illustrating the use of expert panels (EP) as a means of eliciting knowledge from a group of enterprise resource planning (ERP) experts in an exploratory research. The development of a cost estimation model for ERP adoptions is very crucial for research and practice, and that was the main reason behind the willingness of experts to participate in this research. The use of EP was very beneficial as it involved various data collection and visualization techniques, as well as data validation and confirmation. Arguments for using EP over other group techniques are presented in this chapter. Experts modified and enhanced the initial cost drivers list and their sub-factors significantly, as they added, modified, merged and split different costs. Moreover, they ranked the cost drivers according to their weight on total costs. All of this helped the authors to better understand relationships among various cost factors.

Analysis of the cost factors on E-government software cost using fuzzy decision making system

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xungang Gu ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Shengli Cao ◽  
Yumeng Zhang ◽  
Ran Wang
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Fuzzy Decision Making ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The reasonable cost budget of the e-government scheme can effectively promote the construction of the digital government. To analyze the cost impact components of the e-government system and find out the impact factor model works in China, this paper reviews relevant literature on software cost impact factors and proposes the impact factors model based on COCOMO II. Besides, combined with the actual construction of digital government and specific cases, this paper analyzes the mechanism of each impact factor in detail. The model can be used to guide the cost estimation of e-government software in China, especially with artificial intelligence estimation method. An enhanced decision theory of theory based on fuzzy set has been adopted for analysis of cost factor on E-government software cost.

Research on Improved Staged Software Cost Estimation Method Based on COCOMO Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 1501-1504
Author(s):  
Hai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Software Maintenance ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Software Cost Estimation ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
Cocomo Model ◽  
The Cost

The accuracy of software cost estimation is essential for software development management. By introducing and analyzing the estimation methods of software cost systematically, the paper discussed the necessary of considering the software maintenance stage and estimating the software cost by separating the procedure of software development into several small stages. Then a staged software cost estimation method based on COCOMO model was proposed. The use of the new software cost estimation method proposed by this paper not only contributes to the cost control of software project, but also effectively avoids the bias problem due to using by single cost estimation method so that the accuracy of cost estimation could be improved.

scholarly journals The Use of Experts Panels in ERP Cost Estimation Research

2012 ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elragal ◽  
Moutaz Haddara
Keyword(s):  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Cost Drivers ◽  
Cost Estimation Model ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

This chapter is an effort towards illustrating the use of expert panels (EP) as a means of eliciting knowledge from a group of enterprise resource planning (ERP) experts in an exploratory research. The development of a cost estimation model for ERP adoptions is very crucial for research and practice, and that was the main reason behind the willingness of experts to participate in this research. The use of EP was very beneficial as it involved various data collection and visualization techniques, as well as data validation and confirmation. Arguments for using EP over other group techniques are presented in this chapter. Experts modified and enhanced the initial cost drivers list and their sub-factors significantly, as they added, modified, merged and split different costs. Moreover, they ranked the cost drivers according to their weight on total costs. All of this helped the authors to better understand relationships among various cost factors.

Keynote

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Ingo Weber
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Application Developers

Blockchain is a novel distributed ledger technology. Through its features and smart contract capabilities, a wide range of application areas opened up for blockchain-based innovation [5]. In order to analyse how concrete blockchain systems as well as blockchain applications are used, data must be extracted from these systems. Due to various complexities inherent in blockchain, the question how to interpret such data is non-trivial. Such interpretation should often be shared among parties, e.g., if they collaborate via a blockchain. To this end, we devised an approach codify the interpretation of blockchain data, to extract data from blockchains accordingly, and to output it in suitable formats [1, 2]. This work will be the main topic of the keynote. In addition, application developers and users of blockchain applications may want to estimate the cost of using or operating a blockchain application. In the keynote, I will also discuss our cost estimation method [3, 4]. This method was designed for the Ethereum blockchain platform, where cost also relates to transaction complexity, and therefore also to system throughput.

scholarly journals Estimasi Biaya Perangkat Lunak Pada Aplikasi SIBIMA Universitas XYZ dengan Menggunakan Metode Function Point

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Annisa Azzar Sandhea ◽  
Sri Maulidiyah ◽  
Renny Dewi Sari
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information System ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Software Cost Estimation ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
Indirect Approach ◽  
Function Point ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Guidance Information

The growing development of computers triggers the amount of software in different amounts and uses. A system is said to be good when starting planning that can estimate the cost, time and amount of resources needed as a basis for planning a system. So that the estimated cost can be an element in an assessment. The research explains that the Academic Guidance Information System (SIBIMA) which is a system for carrying out student consultation activities with academic advisers at XYZ University. From the software cost estimation results at SIBIMA use Function Point which is a method of estimating software size using an indirect approach or indirect approach to estimate software size in Function Point units (FP), for Effort values on SIBIMA is 379,906 man / hour and it is known that the cost needed in developing SIBIMA is IDR 22,858,705 so that it can be used as a reference if the higher education institution wants to develop a software system

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Maintenance Metrics for Management

2010 ◽  
pp. 538-544
Author(s):  
Celeste See-pui Ng
Keyword(s):  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Software Maintenance ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Erp System ◽  
Packaged Software ◽  
Standard Code ◽  
It Department ◽  
The Status ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Software Lifecycle

A typical packaged software lifecycle, from the client-organization perspective, is packaged software selection followed by implementation, installation, training, and maintenance (that includes upgrades). Traditional software maintenance has been acknowledged by many researchers as the longest and most costly phase in the software lifecycle. This fact is no exception in the ERP packaged software maintenance context (Moore, 2005; Whiting, 2006). According to Ng, Gable, & Chan (2002, pg. 100) ERP maintenance is defined as “post-implementation activities related to the packaged application software undertaken by the client-organization from the time the system goes live (i.e., successfully implemented and transported to the production environment), until it is retired from an organization’s production system, to keep the system running; adapt to a changed environment in order to operate well; provide helps to the system users in using the system; realize benefits from the system (best business processes, enhanced system integration, cost reduction); and keep the system a supported-version and meet the vendor’s requirements for standard code. These activities include: implementing internal change-requests (initiated by an ERP-using organization’s system users and IT-staff); responding or handling usersupport requests (initiated by an ERP-using organization’s system users); upgrading to new versions/releases (introduced by the vendor); and performing patches (support provided by the vendor).” In order to achieve the abovementioned maintenance objectives of keeping the ERP system running, adapting the system to a new operating environment, and ensuring the system up to the vendor’s requirement for standard code; and realizing benefits such as competitive advantages from the system, the IT department staff has to collect some metrics or relevant data on patches and modifications done to the ERP system so that they can know or can tell the status and the performance of their maintenance activities. The authors in Fenton (1991), Fenton & Pfleeger (1997), and Florac (1992), agree that software maintenance data are useful for planning, assessment, tracking, and predictions on software maintenance. Although, there is a lot of literature on ERP, we find almost no literature on ERP maintenance metrics. Thus, this text is meant to provide some fundamental metrics on ERP patches and modifications which could be useful for ERP maintenance management in order to answer questions on the state of their ERP system, their patch implementation costs, and the ongoing maintenance costs for their previous modification or custom development.

A grey rough set model for evaluation and selection of software cost estimation methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Jian-Zhong Qiao
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Grey System Theory ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Software Cost Estimation ◽  
Grey System ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – Due to the limitation of acknowledgment, the complexity of software system and the interference of noises, this paper aims to solve the traditional problem: traditional software cost estimation methods face the challenge of poor and uncertain inputs. Design/methodology/approach – Under such circumstances, different cost estimation methods vary greatly on estimation accuracy and effectiveness. Therefore, it is crucial to perform evaluation and selection on estimation methods against a poor information database. This paper presents a grey rough set model by introducing grey system theory into rough set based analysis, aiming for a better choice of software cost estimation method on accuracy and effectiveness. Findings – The results are very encouraging in the sense of comparison among four machine learning techniques and thus indicate it an effective approach to evaluate software cost estimation method where insufficient information is provided. Practical implications – Based on the grey rough set model, the decision targets can be classified approximately. Furthermore, the grey of information and the limitation of cognition can be overcome during the use of the grey rough interval correlation cluster method. Originality/value – This paper proposed the grey rough set model combining grey system theory with rough set for software cost estimation method evaluation and selection.

scholarly journals The Impact of Enterprises Systems on Sales Performance: A Study of Erp System Implementations in Polish Smes

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Patalas-Maliszewska ◽  
Irene Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Erp Implementation ◽  
Erp System ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Sales Process ◽  
Return On Sales ◽  
Implementation Problems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract While having been the object of numerous studies, the link between ERP implementation and SMEs performance still requires understanding. This paper documents the effect of investments in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems on a firm’s sales performance and profitability measure such as return on sales (ROS). The models are based on a sample of 240 during time of defined activities in the sales process realized during the each month by 40 knowledge workers in each of 5 Polish SMEs announcements of ERP implementations. Our analysis of the financial benefits of these implementations yields mixed results. Our results are encouraging that we find the business activity that can persistent evidence of sales performance associated with ERP investments. This should help alleviate the companies that some have expressed about the viability of ERP given the highly publicized implementation problems at some firms.

Application of the life cycle cost estimation method in transport infrastructure managing

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Anna Gobis ◽  
Kazimierz Jamroz ◽  
Łukasz Jeliński
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Life Cycle Thinking ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
The Cost

The transport infrastructure management should be in line with sustainable development. Actions and activities that combine the environmental, social, and infrastructure expenditures optimally should be undertaken. The article presents a concept of life-cycle thinking that resolves these problems. The life cycle cost estimation method is a practical tool for managing transport infrastructure. The LCC analysis mustn’t generate more work than the benefits of it. Therefore appropriate assumptions should be made in constructing the method. The method assumes basic assumptions, taking into account the extensive scope of the research problem: transport infrastructure. The result of this article is a proposed mathematical model for estimating life-cycle costs. In the end, the practical use of the proposed methodology for determining the cost of the horizontal marking is provided.

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