Keynote

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Ingo Weber
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Application Developers

Blockchain is a novel distributed ledger technology. Through its features and smart contract capabilities, a wide range of application areas opened up for blockchain-based innovation [5]. In order to analyse how concrete blockchain systems as well as blockchain applications are used, data must be extracted from these systems. Due to various complexities inherent in blockchain, the question how to interpret such data is non-trivial. Such interpretation should often be shared among parties, e.g., if they collaborate via a blockchain. To this end, we devised an approach codify the interpretation of blockchain data, to extract data from blockchains accordingly, and to output it in suitable formats [1, 2]. This work will be the main topic of the keynote. In addition, application developers and users of blockchain applications may want to estimate the cost of using or operating a blockchain application. In the keynote, I will also discuss our cost estimation method [3, 4]. This method was designed for the Ethereum blockchain platform, where cost also relates to transaction complexity, and therefore also to system throughput.

scholarly journals A Proximal Algorithm for Fork-Choice in Distributed Ledger Technology for Context-Based Clustering on Edge Computing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Rahim Rahmani ◽  
Ramin Firouzi ◽  
Sachiko Lim ◽  
Mahbub Alam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Proximal Algorithm ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Iot Devices

The major challenges of operating data-intensive of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) are (1) to reach consensus on the main chain as a set of validators cast public votes to decide on which blocks to finalize and (2) scalability on how to increase the number of chains which will be running in parallel. In this paper, we introduce a new proximal algorithm that scales DLT in a large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) devices network. We discuss how the algorithm benefits the integrating DLT in IoT by using edge computing technology, taking the scalability and heterogeneous capability of IoT devices into consideration. IoT devices are clustered dynamically into groups based on proximity context information. A cluster head is used to bridge the IoT devices with the DLT network where a smart contract is deployed. In this way, the security of the IoT is improved and the scalability and latency are solved. We elaborate on our mechanism and discuss issues that should be considered and implemented when using the proposed algorithm, we even show how it behaves with varying parameters like latency or when clustering.

scholarly journals Digital and Blockchain-based Legal Regimes: An Eea Case Study Based on Innovative Legislations – Comparison of French and Liechtenstein Domestic Regulations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Bianca Linis ◽  
Sébastien Praicheux
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Global Financial System

The financial crisis of 2007/08 had shattered the global financial system and led – besides a flood of regulations – to a wide range of new concepts and business models. One of these new concepts was “Bitcoin”, a private digital monetary system, which is characterized by decentralization, transparency and immutability. To date the underlying Blockchain or Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) has evolved and offers an extensive range of possibilities, particularly in the financial industry. So far, an EU-wide legal basis for Blockchain or DLT applications and services is missing. France and the Principality of Liechtenstein took a step forward and adopted national laws trying to offer legal certainty in this field. This article aims to provide a comparison of the two acts and underline the similarities and differences.

Application of the life cycle cost estimation method in transport infrastructure managing

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Anna Gobis ◽  
Kazimierz Jamroz ◽  
Łukasz Jeliński
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Life Cycle Thinking ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
The Cost

The transport infrastructure management should be in line with sustainable development. Actions and activities that combine the environmental, social, and infrastructure expenditures optimally should be undertaken. The article presents a concept of life-cycle thinking that resolves these problems. The life cycle cost estimation method is a practical tool for managing transport infrastructure. The LCC analysis mustn’t generate more work than the benefits of it. Therefore appropriate assumptions should be made in constructing the method. The method assumes basic assumptions, taking into account the extensive scope of the research problem: transport infrastructure. The result of this article is a proposed mathematical model for estimating life-cycle costs. In the end, the practical use of the proposed methodology for determining the cost of the horizontal marking is provided.

scholarly journals Comprehensive use of identification technologies and distributed ledger technology for the development of electronic services provided through multi-purpose smart documents

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
A. V. Reshetniak ◽  
V. I. Dravitsa
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Payment Cards ◽  
And Control

The article covers the possibilities of comprehensive use of identification technologies and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) for increasing the efficiency of electronic services provided through multi-purpose student cards. The main advantages and disadvantages of the existing intellectual document emission systems in the Belarusian education system are assessed, including: centralized (the “Student Card” project) and decentralized (the electronic student card) ones. The proposal to use the DLT-model for issuing multi-purpose electronic student cards combined with bank payment cards has been grounded. Such model makes it possible to implement new functional capabilities when providing electronic services and has a number of advantages over the existing systems of electronic student documents issuance. The article describes how Public Blockchain and Private Blockchain can be used to issue and control intellectual documents, to accelerate the development of the electronic services provided through Smart Contract, and how the Smart Contract technology can be used to promote fair competition among electronic services providers. The methodology of evaluating the electronic services provider rating basing on the weighting factor of “usefulness” or “being in demand” is proposed. The article provides information on the expected effects of the proposed DLT-model implementation, obtained through the comprehensive use of identification technologies and distributed ledger technology.

scholarly journals Application of “blockchain” and “smart contract” tehnology in international payments – the case of reimbursement banks

Pomorstvo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-177
Author(s):  
Mario Pečarić ◽  
Ivan Peronja ◽  
Mislav Mostarac
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
International Payment ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Modern Technologies

The aim of this paper is to find alternative method of executing reimbursement loan, as a form of documentary loan, that is, to investigate new digital technology methods (fintech) to improve the efficiency of the international exchange. Reimbursement loans are often used to credit the trade of overseas goods. The reason of such case is that the shipment of goods by the maritime transport requires a significant amount of time and those trades are often associated with high financial amounts. Since international trade (exchange) is a kind of a generator of society’s progress, it is necessary to explore the possibilities for making international payment cheaper, more efficient and more secure. In this case, we based our research on the implementation of modern technologies, more precisely “blockchain”/DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology) and “smart contracts”. The new reimbursement loan model presented in the paper is based on the aforementioned technologies. It could potentially change not only the documentary lending techniques, but also, eventually, overall financial paradigm. The effectiveness of the application of modern technologies is proven comparing the results of the so called conventional and unconventional reimbursement credit model on a real case involving two companies in Indonesia and Singapore. The paper also tackles on the further implementation of “smart contract” technology and “blockchain”/DLT, thus considering the potential impact of these technologies on overseas trade, credit markets and financial institutions. Finally, the paper argues on the limitations in implementing this new technique (e.g. legal, political and technical challenges).

Hybrid Spectral Clustering Algorithm and its Application in Cost Index Estimation

2012 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 695-701
Author(s):  
Bing Chen ◽  
Xue Qin Hu ◽  
Bei Zhan Wang ◽  
Yin Huan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Spectral Clustering ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Index Estimation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Spectral Clustering Algorithm

This paper proposed a new hybrid spectral clustering algorithm in which Mean Impact Value (MIV) was used in the cost dimension reduction. The processing of system implementation is as follows: first, we used BP neural network to determine the principal items materials, and then applied the spectral clustering algorithm to calculate the principal items price according to principal items materials; finally, principal items ratio estimation method has been used to do cost estimation. This paper took the Xiamen project cost station as the actual case and experimental results shown that this algorithm could meet the cost requirements of project cost station both in time efficiency and accuracy through parameters self-adjusting.

Use of blockchain in designing smart city

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surbhi Dewan ◽  
Latika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Wide Range

PurposeA blockchain is a shared distributed ledger technology that stores the information of every transaction in the network. The blockchain has emerged with a huge diversity of applications not only in the economic but in the non-economical domain as well. Blockchain technology promises to provide a wide range of solutions to the problems faced during implementation of smart cities. It has the potential to build smart contracts more secure, thus eliminating the need for centralized authority.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a proof-of-concept for a use case that uses an Ethereum platform to build a blockchain network to buy, sell or rent a property.FindingsThe findings of this study provide an opportunity to create novel decentralized scalable solutions to develop smart cities by enabling paperless transactions. There are enormous opportunities in this distributed ledger technology which will bring a revolutionary change in upcoming years.Originality/valueThe concept of blockchain along with smart contracts can be used as a promising technology for sharing services which is a common requirement in smart cities. All the blockchain transactions are stored in decentralized shared database. The transaction recorded in decentralized system is immutable, it cannot be altered and hence chance of forgery is negligible.

scholarly journals Consortium Blockchain Smart Contracts for Musical Rights Governance in a Collective Management Organizations (CMOs) Use Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Kapsoulis ◽  
Alexandros Psychas ◽  
Georgios Palaiokrassas ◽  
Achilleas Marinakis ◽  
Antonios Litke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Music Industry ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Collective Management ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
End To End ◽  
Permissioned Blockchains

Private and permissioned blockchains are conceptualized and mostly assembled for fulfilling corporations’ demands and needs in the context of their own premises. This paper presents a complete and sophisticated end-to-end permissioned blockchain application for governance and management of musical rights endorsed by smart contract development. In a music industry use case, this disclosed solution monitors and regulates conflicting musical rights of diverse entities under a popular permissioned distributed ledger technology network. The proposed implementation couples various and distinct business domains across the music industry organizations and non-profit blockchain associations.

A Rough-Cut Cost Estimation in a Finite-Capacity Stochastic Environment Based on Forced Idle Time Prediction

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Eklin ◽  
Yohanan Arzi ◽  
Avraham Shtub
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Time Prediction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rough Cut ◽  
Cost Estimation Models

In recent years several researchers suggested cost estimation models that consider the limited capacity of the shop. In these studies, the stochastic nature of the shop floor is modeled by a time-consuming simulation. This paper proposes five alternative rough-cut cost estimation methods that can replace the simulation. Three of five methods based on forced idle time prediction. The study compares the cost estimations derived from these methods. A cost estimation method, based on the forced idle time of the bottleneck workstation, was found to be outperform the others. As the best method, the bottleneck-based method was compared to the actual order’s cost and was found as a replacement to simulation.

Cost of Independent Bicycle and Pedestrian Projects

2017 ◽  
Vol 2644 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Srinivas S. Pulugurtha ◽  
Venkata R. Duddu ◽  
Synthia Tagar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Facility Type ◽  
Cost Categories ◽  
Local Agencies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Available Information ◽  
State Regional

State, regional, and local agencies need an established cost estimation method to improve the accuracy of programmed project funds. In particular, accurately estimating the cost of independent bicycle and pedestrian facilities helps improve prioritization, decision making, and the efficient allocation of funds for bicycle and pedestrian projects. The cost estimates vary by category as well as by the construction cost element. Obtaining cost data for an adequate number of projects of each facility type, although important, is challenging because of either the lack of available information or a reluctance in the sharing of information. This paper ( a) outlines methods to achieve a statistically significant sampling of cost data for bicycle and pedestrian facilities, ( b) addresses challenges associated with collecting the data from various agencies, and ( c) examines variations to better understand the estimates of individual construction cost elements. Recommendations pertaining to cost categories and cost elements that can help planners and engineers estimate the costs of independent bicycle and pedestrian projects are discussed.

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