scholarly journals Cognitive Neuroscience Tools in Economic Experiments Investigating the Decision Making Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Anna Borawska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Economics ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Economic Experiments ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractExperimental economics utilises a lot of different techniques to support its research. Applying computers and IT has already become common. As a novel approach the use of cognitive neuroscience tools is now being considered. Investigating the neurophysiological signals of experiment participants can give researchers a deeper insight into a decision making process. The aim of the article is to show how neuroscience techniques can contribute to economic experiments, especially those concerning decision making. The overview and presentation of the possibilities of such tools is shown regarding different stages of the decision making process and related experimental studies. The proposed analysis could allow for the better design of economic experiments conducted with the use of the most up-to date technology available.

The implications of the decision in Helen Suzman Foundation v Judicial Service Commission 2018 (7) BCLR 763 (CC) 8 on the functioning of the South African Judicial Service Commission

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomthandazo Ntlama
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
South African ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Service Commission ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Future Management

ABSTRACT The article examines the implications of the judgment of the Constitutional Court in Helen Suzman Foundation v Judicial Service Commission 2018 (7) BCLR 763 (CC) 8 on the functioning of the Judicial Service Commission (JSC). The judgment has brought to the fore a new lease of life relating to the JSC's post-interview deliberations as a disclosable record in terms of Rule 53(1)(b) of the Uniform Rules of Court. The disclosure seeks to provide an insight into the decision-making process of the JSC in the appointment of judicial officers in South Africa. It is argued that the judgment is two-pronged: first, the disclosure of the post-interview record enhances the culture of justification for decisions taken, which advances the foundational values of the new democratic dispensation; secondly, it creates uncertainty about the future management and protection of the JSC processes in the undertaking of robust debates on the post-interview deliberations. It then questions whether the JSC members will be privileged in their engagement with the suitability of the candidates to be recommended for appointment by the President. The question is raised against the uncertainty about which decision of the JSC will be challenged that will need the disclosure of the record because the judgment does not entail the national disclosure of the record in respect of each candidate but applies only when there is an application for review of the JSC decision. Key words: Judicial Service Commission, appointments, discretion, judiciary, independence, rule of law, discretion, accountability, transparency, human rights.

Public Involvement in the Design of Public Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Emad S. Mushtaha ◽  
Omar Hassan Omar ◽  
Dua S. Barakat ◽  
Hessa Al-Jarwan ◽  
Dima Abdulrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Public Project ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Building Program

The involvement of the public in the decision-making process is essential, especially in the early stages of a design process. This study aims to achieve the development of an architectural program for a memorial public project, using the outcomes of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on public opinion. It employs a novel approach that sharply focuses on public involvement in the design process, using a quantitative methodology for the development of a suitable building program and selecting a memorial form that meets the public's needs in a practical way. The study drew on data from various memorial projects to identify possible spaces and their selection criteria. A written questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 105 members of the public, to narrow down the number of spaces according to public response. Then, a hearing (spoken) questionnaire was conducted on a sample of 20 to produce the program for development by generating the most strongly preferred form of memorial. The results contradicted the existing norm for a memorial as a sculpture; it was revealed that most of the public preferred memorial landscapes to buildings and great structures. The study concluded that AHP could be used to further involve the relevant stakeholders in the decision-making process of the design of a public project.

A survey of the bidding practices of Canadian civil engineering construction contractors

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminah Fayek ◽  
Indrani Ghoshal ◽  
Simaan AbouRizk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Major Conclusion ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
A Company ◽  
Insight Into

This paper presents the findings of a survey of the bidding practices of Canadian civil engineering construction contractors. The results of the survey provide insight into the most important factors that contractors consider in making four bid decisions: the decision to bid, the risk allowance, the opportunity allowance, and the markup-size decision. The survey methodology is described to illustrate its effectiveness. Common practices in assessing risks and opportunities, the competition, and markup are discussed. A major conclusion of this paper is that the decision-making process used in bidding is largely subjective and based on experienced judgement. The assessment of the competition is done on an informal basis in most cases, with little use of historical competitor data. Risk and opportunity assessment is subjective and largely based on experience. Although the markup-size decision is critical to the success of a company in achieving its objectives and realizing a profit, markup setting is usually based on experience, with little or no formal methods of analysis.Key words: bidding, markup, risk analysis, surveys, tendering.

Towards a Novel Approach for Enterprise Knowledge Capitalization Utilizing an Ontology and Collaborative Decision-Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Benkaddour ◽  
Noria Taghezout ◽  
Bouabdellah Ascar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Collaborative Decision Making ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Collaborative Platform ◽  
Collaborative Decision ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Reasoning Engine

In this paper, the authors describe the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) in the spunlace nonwoven production industry. The suggested DSS utilizes domain ontology and a collaborative platform that allows operators to share and exchange experiences in the industrial diagnosis in order to have new ideas and useful information for collaborative decision-making. One of the main aspects addressed in the decision-making process was the knowledge management of the most frequently breakdowns of machines as the card, aquajet etc. This paper introduces the architecture of the system, including several modules such as, Reasoning engine and Similarity module, etc. The decision-making is reinforced by a case-based reasoning to recommend solutions where previously solved cases (problem) are compared to recently encountered ones using the same ontology to define similarity between cases. Some experiments have been conducted in INOTIS enterprise to indicate the efficiency of the proposed system.

scholarly journals Environmental Justice in India: The National Green Tribunal and Expert Members

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali Nain Gill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Environmental Disputes ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Technical Expert ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article argues that the involvement of technical experts in decision making promotes better environmental results while simultaneously recognizing the uncertainty in science. India’s record as a progressive jurisdiction in environmental matters through its proactive judiciary is internationally recognized. The neoteric National Green Tribunal of India (NGT) – officially described as a ‘specialised body equipped with necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues’ – is a forum which offers greater plurality for environmental justice. The NGT, in exercising wide powers, is staffed by judicial and technical expert members who decide cases in an open forum. The experts are ‘central’, rather than ‘marginal’, to the NGT’s decision-making process.This article draws on theoretical insights developed by Lorna Schrefler and Peter Haas to analyze the role of scientific experts as decision makers within the NGT. Unprecedented interview access provides data that grants an insight into the internal decision-making processes of the five benches of the NGT. Reported cases, supported by additional comments of bench members, illustrate the wider policy impact of scientific knowledge and its contribution to the NGT’s decision-making process.

scholarly journals Through Liquid Democracy to Sustainable Non-Bureaucratic Government

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois Paulin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Liquid Democracy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Service ◽  
Blank Slate ◽  
Collaborative Decision ◽  
Insight Into

We summarize the concept of Self-Service Government (ss-Gov) as presented earlier and explore how the principles of Liquid Democracy (LD) can be applied in ss-Gov for collaborative decision making. We provide a thorough insight into the history of LD and summarize its recent developments. By combining ss-Gov and LD, we develop the concept of Sustainable, Non-Bureaucratic Government (SNBG) as a novel, blank-slate approach to government of eligibilities within- and towards governmental systems. We argue that such entanglement of LD with ss-Gov results in a closed-circuit system that can provide end-to-end self-management of jural relations. Thus, we argue, SNBG is a vision concept capable to enable morphable self-managed government which requires virtually no mediatory human agents for government. We discuss the feasibility of such approach based on a Gedankenexperiment featuring a modern parliamentary decision-making process.

scholarly journals Epistemic Network Analyses of Economics Students’ Graph Understanding: An Eye-Tracking Study

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6908
Author(s):  
Sebastian Brückner ◽  
Jan Schneider ◽  
Olga Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia ◽  
Hendrik Drachsler
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Domain Specific Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Graph ◽  
Insight Into

Learning to solve graph tasks is one of the key prerequisites of acquiring domain-specific knowledge in most study domains. Analyses of graph understanding often use eye-tracking and focus on analyzing how much time students spend gazing at particular areas of a graph—Areas of Interest (AOIs). To gain a deeper insight into students’ task-solving process, we argue that the gaze shifts between students’ fixations on different AOIs (so-termed transitions) also need to be included in holistic analyses of graph understanding that consider the importance of transitions for the task-solving process. Thus, we introduced Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) as a novel approach to analyze eye-tracking data of 23 university students who solved eight multiple-choice graph tasks in physics and economics. ENA is a method for quantifying, visualizing, and interpreting network data allowing a weighted analysis of the gaze patterns of both correct and incorrect graph task solvers considering the interrelations between fixations and transitions. After an analysis of the differences in the number of fixations and the number of single transitions between correct and incorrect solvers, we conducted an ENA for each task. We demonstrate that an isolated analysis of fixations and transitions provides only a limited insight into graph solving behavior. In contrast, ENA identifies differences between the gaze patterns of students who solved the graph tasks correctly and incorrectly across the multiple graph tasks. For instance, incorrect solvers shifted their gaze from the graph to the x-axis and from the question to the graph comparatively more often than correct solvers. The results indicate that incorrect solvers often have problems transferring textual information into graphical information and rely more on partly irrelevant parts of a graph. Finally, we discuss how the findings can be used to design experimental studies and for innovative instructional procedures in higher education.

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