scholarly journals Evaluation of winter food quality and its variability for red deer in forest environment: overwintering enclosures vs. free-ranging areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Michaela Holá ◽  
Miloš Ježek ◽  
Tomáš Kušta ◽  
Jaroslav Červený
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Winter Food ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractPopulations of European ungulates have grown substantially over recent decades, resulting in considerable environmental and socio-economic impacts. Availability and quality of natural and supplemental food sources are among the main factors driving their population dynamics. Detailed knowledge of food quality of management-targeted species is therefore of primary importance for their successful management. The main aim of this study was to evaluate winter food quality and its variability for an important ungulate species in the Czech Republic - i.e. red deer, using faecal indices (faecal nitrogen, faecal acid detergent fibre, faecal neutral detergent fibre) and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. We compared food quality for red deer and its possible differences between overwintering enclosures (i.e. fenced areas where red deer spend harsh winter conditions) and neighbouring unfenced free-ranging areas within two study areas. The results obtained showed that winter food quality and its variability for red deer are of different quality and variability in the overwintering enclosure and neighbouring free-ranging area. The observed differences in concentrations and amounts of variation of faecal indices are most probably related to animal densities at individual study areas. Wildlife managers should therefore keep animals in overwintering enclosures at moderate densities and to provide high quality forage to all individuals in order to balance nutrition of both the individuals inside and outside the enclosures. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in order to provide deeper knowledge on red deer food quality and its variability in space and time.

scholarly journals The Importance of Cultivated Plants in the Diet of Red and Roe Deer and Mouflon

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kamler ◽  
Miloslav Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance

The botanical composition of red and roe deer and mouflon diet was studied in the mosaic landscape in Drahanská vrchovina highlands, Czech Republic. We focused on the proportion and quality of agricultural crops and natural forest plants and estimated quality of the herbivore diet. Diet quality was monitored by the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy on the basis of nutritional quality of diet items. Red deer, roe deer and mouflon ingested all cultivated plants growing close to forest. However, the proportion of cultivated plants varied between seasons and herbivore species. The peak of crops consumption occurred in summer – when cereals spikes were ripe. The average proportion of corn for red deer was 40%. Cultivated plants were well accessible for herbivores in the study area and during vegetation period formed an important part of their diet, but the importance of cultivated plants for herbivores was lower compared with natural food resources present in forests during vegetation period. Although the main natural food sources had lower nutritional value, they formed the main part of herbivore diet in the study area. The availability of cultivated plants increases the quality of food supply during the growing season, but for herbivores the natural food sources are crucial, forming the main part of their diet both in summer and in winter. Wildlife management should reckon with feeding preferences of herbivores.

An integrative assay to quantify the nutritional quality of the selected diet of two Mediterranean free-living deer by faecal-FT-NIRS

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
S. Tellado ◽  
C. Azorit
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance

Integrating the interaction between cell wall components through a lignin and neutral detergent fibre ratio as a cell wall digestibility (CWD) index may provide a suitable method for diet quality and fibre digestibility estimation. Predictive faecal-Fourier-transform (FT)-near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) equations useful for CWD determination were developed as an integrative assessment of the digestibility and quality of the diet selected by red (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and fallow (Dama dama) deer in southern Spain. A chemometric regression was used from spectra of faeces and wet chemical rumen contents analysis as reference data coupled with partial least-squares. The accuracy and feasibility of the equations obtained for red and fallow deer samples separately were evaluated, as well as after pooling all samples for both species. The predictive equations had a high linearity with correlation coefficients (r) ranging between 0.89 and 0.99, as well as a reliable accuracy considering the errors of prediction (RMSEP 0.57–0.87), calibration (RMS 0.04–0.45) and cross-calibration (RMSECV 0.80–1.12) in relation to the range of values for which the NIRS calibration was set for each parameter, giving very good RER (residual error value) indices (7.44–13.23). The ability of the calibration equations to predict new samples from the same deer populations was also assessed through an external validation. Equations obtained for the red deer data were successfully applied not only to red deer but also to fallow deer, and vice versa. Feasible CWD simultaneous determination in red and fallow deer was also obtained by using the broad-based equations. There was variation of the CWD index throughout the year and differences between the two deer species. A lower CWD of the forage was recorded in red deer, while a lower CWD ratio was detected at the end of winter coinciding with the highest browsing levels in both species. This technique has potential to enable closer examination of the non-grass variables and distinguish between browse and herbage feeding behaviour. The faecal-NIRS method of CWD ratio determination is a useful, non-invasive tool for monitoring variations in the diet quality of Mediterranean deer in their natural environment.

Spectrometric prediction of secondary metabolites and nitrogen in fresh Eucalyptus foliage: towards remote sensing of the nutritional quality of foliage for leaf-eating marsupials

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. H. Ebbers ◽  
I. R. Wallis ◽  
S. Dury ◽  
R. Floyd ◽  
W. J. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Volatile Terpene ◽  
Water Absorbance

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy provides an excellent means of assessing the chemical composition of Eucalyptus foliage but the standard methods of drying and grinding the samples limit the speed at which spectra can be collected and thus are unsuitable for measurements in the field. We investigated whether reliable spectra could be collected from whole fresh and dry leaves of E. melliodora and E. globulus and whether we could predict the concentration of total nitrogen, the volatile terpene, 1,8 cineole and the phenolic antifeedant compound, sideroxylonal A, from these spectra. Water absorbance peaks did not obscure the absorption spectrum of 1,8 cineole and so cineole concentration was readily predicted from spectra of whole, fresh E. melliodora leaves. Similarly, both total nitrogen and sideroxylonal A could be predicted from spectra of fresh leaf in E. melliodora even though water absorption obscured some spectral features. The predictions of cineole and total nitrogen concentration in E. globulus were not as good as those in E. melliodora, possibly due to interference from waxes on the leaf surface of E. globulus juvenile foliage. Overall, these results suggest that certain important ecological attributes of Eucalyptus foliage can be predicted from spectra of whole fresh leaves. Thus, it is feasible to investigate the collection of spectra by portable or airborne spectrophotometry.

Near-Infrared Reflectance Determination of Sensory Quality of Peas

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Martens ◽  
H. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reflectance Analysis ◽  
Better Than

Rapid, precise, and relevant methods for predicting the sensory quality of frozen peas were sought. Pea batches chosen to span many different types of quality variations were analyzed by a consumer test, sensory laboratory analysis, and traditional chemical and physical measurements as well as by near-infrared reflectance analysis (NIR). Partial least-squares (PLS) regression was used to reveal the relationships between the different types of measurements. A noise-compensated value, relative ability of prediction (RAP), was used to express the degree of prediction (1.0 = perfect prediction). NIR was found to predict the sensory texture variables (RAP = 0.79) better than the flavor variables (RAP = 0.67). Average consumer preference was less well predicted (RAP = 0.48) by NIR. This was interpretable since NIR gave a better description of the chemical and physical methods relevant for texture (e.g., dry matter (RAP = 0.93)) than the flavor-related variables (e.g., sucrose (RAP = 0.45)) that apparently determine the consumer preference. However, NIR was found to describe the average variation in sensory quality better than the traditional tenderometer value (TV). The highest prediction of sensory variables was obtained by a combination of NIR, TV, and chemical measurements (RAP = 0.87 and 0.80 for texture and flavor variables, respectively). We discuss the predictive validity and the meaning of the present predictive abilities in practice, leading to a conclusion that NIR has a potential for predicting the sensory quality of peas.

scholarly journals Prediksi Kadar Air Bubuk Biji Kakao Menggunakan NIRS Dengan Metode PLS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045
Author(s):  
Cut Multin ◽  
Agus Munawar ◽  
Zulfahrizal Zulfahrizal
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Development Method ◽  
Mean Centering ◽  
Local Farmer ◽  
Grade One

Abstrak. Mayoritas biji kakao Indonesia dianggap bermutu rendah. Salah satu metode yang saat ini sedang berkembang dan digunakan untuk mendeteksi kualitas suatu produk pertanian adalah metode Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS). Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel biji kakao varietas lindak yang didapat dari petani kemudian dijadikan dalam bentuk bubuk untuk di prediksi kadar airnya menggunakan NIRS dengan metode Partial Least Squares (PLS) sebagai metode regresi serta membandingkan antara pretreatment Derivative 1 (D1) dan Mean Centering (MC) sebagai metode koreksi. Hasil penelitian ini didapat bahwa panjang gelombang 1860-2000 merupakan panjang gelombang yang relevan dalam menduga kadar air pada bubuk biji kakao. Mean Centering adalah pretreatment terbaik diantara dua macam pretreatment yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini.                               Abstract. The majority of  Indonesia kakao is considered to have a low grade. One of the development method that is used to detect the quality of a product is NIRS Method. This research used the lindak variety of kakao beans tha obtained from local farmer then processed in a powder from to predict the water content by using NIRS with PLS as regresion methot also to compare between spektra method nermely pretreatment derivative 1(D1) and MC. From the result of the research is obtained the wavelength range 1860-2000 is the relevant wavelength in predicting the water content in cocoa powder. Mean Centering fond to be the best  pretreatment  that is used in this research.

scholarly journals The Quality Control of Tea by Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Zhi Zhu ◽  
Beibei Wen ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Haiyan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Control Quality ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
Instrumental Technique

Tea is known to be one of the most popular beverages enjoyed by two-thirds of the world’s population. Concern of variability in tea quality is increasing among consumers. It is of great significance to control quality for commercialized tea products. As a rapid, noninvasive, and nondestructive instrumental technique with simplicity in sample preparation, near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy has been proved to be one of the most advanced and efficient tools for the control quality of tea products in recent years. In this article, we review the most recent advances and applications of NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics for the quality control of tea, including the measurement of chemical compositions, the evaluation of sensory attributes, the identification of categories and varieties, and the discrimination of geographical origins. Besides, challenges and future trends of tea quality control by NIR spectroscopy are also presented.

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