An integrative assay to quantify the nutritional quality of the selected diet of two Mediterranean free-living deer by faecal-FT-NIRS

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
S. Tellado ◽  
C. Azorit
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance

Integrating the interaction between cell wall components through a lignin and neutral detergent fibre ratio as a cell wall digestibility (CWD) index may provide a suitable method for diet quality and fibre digestibility estimation. Predictive faecal-Fourier-transform (FT)-near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) equations useful for CWD determination were developed as an integrative assessment of the digestibility and quality of the diet selected by red (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and fallow (Dama dama) deer in southern Spain. A chemometric regression was used from spectra of faeces and wet chemical rumen contents analysis as reference data coupled with partial least-squares. The accuracy and feasibility of the equations obtained for red and fallow deer samples separately were evaluated, as well as after pooling all samples for both species. The predictive equations had a high linearity with correlation coefficients (r) ranging between 0.89 and 0.99, as well as a reliable accuracy considering the errors of prediction (RMSEP 0.57–0.87), calibration (RMS 0.04–0.45) and cross-calibration (RMSECV 0.80–1.12) in relation to the range of values for which the NIRS calibration was set for each parameter, giving very good RER (residual error value) indices (7.44–13.23). The ability of the calibration equations to predict new samples from the same deer populations was also assessed through an external validation. Equations obtained for the red deer data were successfully applied not only to red deer but also to fallow deer, and vice versa. Feasible CWD simultaneous determination in red and fallow deer was also obtained by using the broad-based equations. There was variation of the CWD index throughout the year and differences between the two deer species. A lower CWD of the forage was recorded in red deer, while a lower CWD ratio was detected at the end of winter coinciding with the highest browsing levels in both species. This technique has potential to enable closer examination of the non-grass variables and distinguish between browse and herbage feeding behaviour. The faecal-NIRS method of CWD ratio determination is a useful, non-invasive tool for monitoring variations in the diet quality of Mediterranean deer in their natural environment.

scholarly journals The Importance of Cultivated Plants in the Diet of Red and Roe Deer and Mouflon

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kamler ◽  
Miloslav Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance

The botanical composition of red and roe deer and mouflon diet was studied in the mosaic landscape in Drahanská vrchovina highlands, Czech Republic. We focused on the proportion and quality of agricultural crops and natural forest plants and estimated quality of the herbivore diet. Diet quality was monitored by the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy on the basis of nutritional quality of diet items. Red deer, roe deer and mouflon ingested all cultivated plants growing close to forest. However, the proportion of cultivated plants varied between seasons and herbivore species. The peak of crops consumption occurred in summer – when cereals spikes were ripe. The average proportion of corn for red deer was 40%. Cultivated plants were well accessible for herbivores in the study area and during vegetation period formed an important part of their diet, but the importance of cultivated plants for herbivores was lower compared with natural food resources present in forests during vegetation period. Although the main natural food sources had lower nutritional value, they formed the main part of herbivore diet in the study area. The availability of cultivated plants increases the quality of food supply during the growing season, but for herbivores the natural food sources are crucial, forming the main part of their diet both in summer and in winter. Wildlife management should reckon with feeding preferences of herbivores.

scholarly journals Evaluation of winter food quality and its variability for red deer in forest environment: overwintering enclosures vs. free-ranging areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Michaela Holá ◽  
Miloš Ježek ◽  
Tomáš Kušta ◽  
Jaroslav Červený
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Winter Food ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractPopulations of European ungulates have grown substantially over recent decades, resulting in considerable environmental and socio-economic impacts. Availability and quality of natural and supplemental food sources are among the main factors driving their population dynamics. Detailed knowledge of food quality of management-targeted species is therefore of primary importance for their successful management. The main aim of this study was to evaluate winter food quality and its variability for an important ungulate species in the Czech Republic - i.e. red deer, using faecal indices (faecal nitrogen, faecal acid detergent fibre, faecal neutral detergent fibre) and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. We compared food quality for red deer and its possible differences between overwintering enclosures (i.e. fenced areas where red deer spend harsh winter conditions) and neighbouring unfenced free-ranging areas within two study areas. The results obtained showed that winter food quality and its variability for red deer are of different quality and variability in the overwintering enclosure and neighbouring free-ranging area. The observed differences in concentrations and amounts of variation of faecal indices are most probably related to animal densities at individual study areas. Wildlife managers should therefore keep animals in overwintering enclosures at moderate densities and to provide high quality forage to all individuals in order to balance nutrition of both the individuals inside and outside the enclosures. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in order to provide deeper knowledge on red deer food quality and its variability in space and time.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Application of Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) Spectroscopy for the Prediction of the Chemical Composition of Traditional Sausages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11282
Author(s):  
Eleni Kasapidou ◽  
Vasileios Papadopoulos ◽  
Paraskevi Mitlianga
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance

In the present study, the potential of application of near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for the estimation of the chemical composition of traditional (village style) sausages was examined. The chemical composition (moisture, ash, protein and, fat) was determined by standard reference methods. For the development of the calibration model, 39 samples of traditional fresh sausages were used, while for external validation, 10 samples of sausages were used. The correlation coefficients of calibration (RMSEC) and standard errors (SEC) were 0.92 and 1.58 (moisture), 0.77 and 0.18 (ash), 0.87 and 0.89 (protein) and 0.93 and 1.73 (fat). The cross-validation correlation coefficients (RMSECV) and standard errors (SECV) were 0.86 and 2.13 (moisture), 0.56 and 0.26 (ash), 0.78 and 1.17 (protein), and 0.88 and 2.17 (fat). The results of the calibration model showed that NIR spectroscopy can be applied to estimate with very good precision the fat content of traditional village-style sausages, whereas moisture and protein content can be estimated with good accuracy. The external validation confirmed the ability of NIR spectroscopy to predict the chemical composition of sausages.

scholarly journals Development of Calibration Models to Predict Mean Fibre Diameter in Llama (Lama glama) Fleeces with Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1998
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Amorena ◽  
Dolores María Eugenia Álvarez ◽  
Elvira Fernández-Ahumada
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Cross Validation Error

Llama fibre has the potential to become the most valuable textile resource in the Puna region of Argentina. In this study near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was evaluated to predict the mean fibre diameter in llama fleeces. Analyses between sets of carded and non-carded samples in combination with spectral preprocessing techniques were carried out and a total of 169 spectral signatures of llama samples in Vis and NIR ranges (400–2500 nm) were obtained. Spectral preprocessing consisted in wavelength selection (Vis–NIR, NIR and discrete ranges) and multiplicative and derivative pretreatments; spectra without pretreatments were also included, while modified partial least squares (M-PLS) regression was used to develop prediction models. Predictability was evaluated through R2: standard cross validation error (SECV), external validation error (SEV) and residual predictive value (RPD). A total of 54 calibration models were developed in which the best model (R2 = 0.67; SECV = 1.965; SEV = 2.235 and RPD = 1.91) was obtained in the Vis–NIR range applying the first derivative pretreatment. ANOVA analysis showed differences between carded and non-carded sets and the models obtained could be used in screening programs and contribute to valorisation of llama fibre and sustainable development of textile industry in the Puna territory of Catamarca. The data presented in this paper are a contribution to enhance the scarce information on this subject.

Prediction of crude protein content in field peas using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Arganosa ◽  
T. D. Warkentin ◽  
V. J. Racz ◽  
S. Blade ◽  
C. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

A rapid, near-infrared spectroscopic method to predict the crude protein contents of 72 field pea lines grown in Saskatchewan, both whole seeds and ground samples, was established. Correlation coefficients between the laboratory and predicted values were 0.938 and 0.952 for whole seed and ground seed, respectively. Both methods developed are adequate to support our field pea breeding programme. Key words: Field pea, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, crude protein

scholarly journals Glycolytic potential and ultimate muscle pH values in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama)

Rangifer ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Wiklund ◽  
Timothy R. Manley ◽  
Roger P. Littlejohn
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Total Glucose ◽  
The Relationship

The ultimate pH value of meat (measured at approx. 24 hours post slaughter) gives information about the technological quality, i.e. shelf life, colour, water-holding properties and tenderness and is a direct consequence of muscle glycogen (energy) levels at slaughter. It may therefore also indicate whether or not the animal has been exposed to stressful energy depleting events prior to slaughter. In the present study, 141 animals (130 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 11 fallow deer (Dama dama) were included to investigate the relationship between ultimate pH and residual glycogen concentration in red deer and fallow deer M. longissimus. In addition, the muscle glycogen content and ultimate pH values in three red deer muscles (Mm. triceps brachii, longissimus and biceps femoris) were studied. M. triceps brachii had higher ultimate pH and lower glycogen content compared with the other two studied muscles. The frequency of intermediate DFD (5.8≤ pH<6.2) was 5.4% in red deer M. longissimus, compared with 9.1% in fallow deer, while the frequency of DFD (pH≥ 6.2) was much lower in red deer (3.8%) than in fallow deer (54.5%). A curvilinear relationship between ultimate pH and total glucose concentration (glycogen and glucose) 30 min post slaughter in red deer and fallow deer M. longissimus was found. The relationship between muscle pH and lactic acid concentration however, was indicated to be linear. A significant variation in total glucose concentration at ultimate pH below 5.80 was observed, including values in the range from 18 to 123 mmol/kg wet tissue. It was concluded that further studies are needed to further explore the relationship between muscle glycogen content and technological and sensory quality attributes of meat from different deer species.Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning:Köttets pH-värde (mätt ca 24 timmar efter slakt) har stor betydelse för den teknologiska kvaliteten som t. ex. hållbarhet, färg, vattenhållande förmåga och mörhet. Glykogenförrådet (energinivån) i djurens muskulatur vid slakt är helt avgörande för köttets slutliga pH-värde. Därför kan pH-värdet också indikera om hanteringen av slaktdjur varit skonsam eller om stora mängder muskelenergi har förbrukats vid stress. I vår undersökning ingick 141 hjortar (130 kronhjortar (Cervus elaphus) och 11 dovhjortar (Dama dama) för att studera sambandet mellan köttets pH-värde och glykogeninnehållet i M. longissimus. Glykogeninnehåll och pH-värden i 3 muskler från kronhjort (Mm. triceps brachii, longissimus och biceps femoris) undersöktes också. M. triceps brachii hade högre pH-värde och lägre glykogeninnehåll jämfört med de två andra musklerna. Det var inte så stor skillnad i frekvensen av intermediär DFD (pH-värden mellan 5,8 og 6,2) mellan de två hjortarterna (5,4% för kronhjort och 9,1% för dovhjort), däremot var frekvensen av DFD (pH-värden över 6,2) mycket låg hos kronhjort (3,8%) jämfört med dovhjort (54,5%). Det fanns ett kurvlinjärt samband mellan slutligt pH-värde i köttet och total glukoskoncentration (glykogen + glukos) mätt i M. longissimus 30 min efter slakt för både kron- och dovhjort. Ett linjärt samband mellan pH-värde och koncentration av mjölksyra i M. longissimus kunde också visas. Vi fann en mycket stor varitation i glukoskoncentration (18−123 mmol/kg våtvikt) när köttets pH-värdet var 5,8 eller lägre. Det behövs fler undersökningar för att vidare klargöra sambanden mellan glykogeninnehåll i muskulaturen och teknologisk och sensorisk kvalitet i olika typer av hjortkött.

Short Communication: Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy accurately predicts the digestible energy content of barley for pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Zijlstra ◽  
M. L. Swift ◽  
L. F. Wang ◽  
T. A. Scott ◽  
M. J. Edney
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Zijlstra, R. T., Swift, M. L., Wang, L. F., Scott, T. A. and Edney, M. J. 2011. Short Communication:Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy accurately predicts the digestible energy content of barley for pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 301–304. Density, chicken apparent metabolizable energy (AME), and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) were tested to predict the widely varying swine digestible energy (DE) content of barley. The DE content of 39 barley samples ranged from 2686 to 3163 kcal kg−1 (90% DM) in grower pigs. The R2 between DE content and density (0.14) and broiler chicken AME content (0.18 and 0.56, without and with enzyme, respectively) was low. In contrast, the coefficient of determination to predict swine DE content for ground barley samples using NIRS was respectable for external validation (R2=0.74) and internal cross validation (1-VR=0.79), but more robust calibrations should be developed for commercial application.

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