Dying of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the ‘Jesionowe Góry’ Nature Reserve

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse changes in the health status of ash stands belonging to the age classes VI and VIII growing in optimal site conditions and to compare the ash dieback with other age classes in the Jesionowe Góry Nature Reserve. Our research was conducted during the growing season in 2006 and 2007 on 22 permanent and 54 temporary sample plots. The health condition of the stands and the structure of natural regeneration were determined with a one-year interval. The amount of damage was defined using leaf loss, pest infestation and shoot dieback. Based on our estimation of natural regeneration, the capability for stand evolution in the future was determined.

Download Full-text

Fungi isolated from shoots showing ash dieback in the Wolica Nature Reserve in Poland and artificially inoculated seedlings with Hymenoscyphus fraxineus

Folia Forestalia Polonica ◽

10.2478/ffp-2019-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 42-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Żółciak ◽

Justyna Anna Nowakowska ◽

Artur Pacia ◽

Nenad Keča ◽

Tomasz Oszako

Keyword(s):

Nature Reserve ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Ash Dieback ◽

Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽

Ash Trees ◽

Serious Disease ◽

One Year ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Qualitative Changes

Abstract Ash dieback caused by an alien, invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is a serious disease of European ash species in many parts in Europe. In Poland, the disease was recorded in the beginning of the 1990s. This study was performed in 2016–2017 with the aim to identify fungi isolated from ash shoots showing dieback symptoms in the Wolica Nature Reserve in Poland, as well as from shoots of two years-old ash seedlings inoculated with H. fraxineus in the greenhouse. The most frequently isolated fungi from shoots of common ash (associated with the pathogenic fungus H. fraxineus) were identified on the basis of sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) of fungal rDNA. In total, 19 fungal taxa were identified for ash shoots as follows: H. fraxineus, Fusarium avenaceum, Alternaria spp., Phomopsis oblonga, Diplodia mutila and other Phomopsis spp. The pathogen H. fraxineus was not found for all the shoots samples; one year after inoculation the aforementioned fungi and other species as: Alternaria alternata, Bionectria ochroleuca, Epicoccum nigrum, F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, and Paraphaesphaeria neglecta were identified in inoculation point, as well as H. fraxineus. The same quantitative and qualitative changes of organisms were observed in the case of artificially colonised ash seedlings in the greenhouse, as well as in the shoots of adult ash trees in the forest.

Download Full-text

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF SITE CONDITIONS ON NATURAL REGENERATION, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DUNECHT ESTATE, ABERDEENSHIRE

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1093/forestry/19.1.41 ◽

1945 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 41-55

Author(s):

W. M. McNEILL

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Site Conditions

Download Full-text

The Influence of Rooting Substrate and Growth Regulators Indol butyric Acid and Naphthalene Acetic Acid in the Number and Length of Adventitious Roots to Hardwood Cuttings in Blueberry cv. ‘Bluecrop’ (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v4i4.10013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Sabri Braha ◽

Petrit Rama

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Growing Season ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Important Variation ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

One Year ◽

The Impact ◽

Better Than

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of the turf-only substrate and turf–perlite in the ratio 2:1 and of growth regulators in the quality of adventive roots ( the number and length) of well lignified one-year old branches without fruit buds in the Bluecrop cultivar (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) taken at the end of the latent period before budding at the February 15 th during the -2015 growing season. In order to support the increase of the number of roots and their length the hardwood cuttings are treated with different IBA and NAA concentrations (1500, 3000, 4500 ppm), while a part of cuttings were untreated control. The number and the length of roots have increased in relation to the increase of concentration from 1500 to 3000 ppm followed by a decline of these values in concentrations over 3000 ppm. Respectively, the number of roots (8) and the higher values of root length (4.6 cm) are achieved in the turf–perlite substrate, IBA 3000 ppm (compared to the turf-only substrate). The presence of perlite helps the aeration of the substrate and supports biochemical and physiological processes which lead to the inducing of adventive roots. Regarding the number and length of roots an important variation for (p<0.05) was observed between different concentrations of IBA and NAA. In general the effect of IBA was a lot better than the effect of NAA.

Download Full-text

Analysis of mammary gland according to results of CMT (California Mastitis Test) and bacteriological findings in secretion

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl0906359v ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (5-6) ◽

pp. 359-367

Author(s):

Nazif Varatanovic ◽

Amela Katica ◽

Tarik Mutevelic ◽

Nadzida Mlaco ◽

Edin Hamzic

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Mammary Glands ◽

Health Condition ◽

Winter Period ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Health Control ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Causative Agents ◽

One Year

Health control of the mammary gland was conducted comparing results of CMT (California Mastitis Test) and bacteriological findings of milk samples during one year. A total of 3863 secretion samples of mammary glands were collected. There were 85.3% matches for CMT and bacteriological findings. The most frequently isolated causative agents were: staphylococci (52.4%), streptococcus bacteria (23.5%), mixed infections (13.1%), and enterobacteria (10.3%). Secretions disorder and inflammations of mammary gland are most common for the warm period of the year, and very rare for the winter period. With permanent use of these two methods it is possible to obtain satisfactory results in order to get better milk production and health condition of the mammary gland. .

Download Full-text

PETER’S ANOMALY

JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM) ◽

10.35790/jbm.3.1.2011.860 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Laya Rares

Keyword(s):

Penetrating Keratoplasty ◽

Corneal Opacity ◽

Health Condition ◽

Pressure Management ◽

Filtration Surgery ◽

Intra Ocular Pressure ◽

Ocular Pressure ◽

One Year ◽

The Right ◽

Peter’S Anomaly

Abstract: Peter’s anomaly is a congenital corneal anomaly characterized by central or paracentral opacity. Around 60-80% of this anomaly is bilateral. We reported a girl of one year and six months as having bilateral corneal opacity since she was born. Diagnosis was based on ophthalmological examinations: the vision of the right and left eyes was ‘fix and follow the light’; sensoric nystagmus of both eyes; intra-ocular pressure of the right eye 37 mm Hg and of the left eye 40 mm Hg; corneal diameters of both eyes were 11 mm; 5-mm-central opacity of both cornea; both eye movements to all directions were normal; anterior chambers were shallow; iris was attached to the corneal endothelium; both lenses were difficult to be evaluated due to corneal opacity; fundal reflexes in both eyes were negative. The early medication given was thymolol 0.5% to decrease the intra-ocular pressure. If her health condition improved, a penetrating keratoplasty and a filtration surgery were recommended under general anaesthesia. Key words: Peter’s anomaly, corneal opacity, intraocular pressure, management. Abstrak: Peter’s anomaly merupakan kelainan kongenital kornea yang ditandai dengan kekeruhan pada kornea bagian sentral ataupun parasentral. Sekitar 60-80% kasus Peter’s anomaly terjadi bilateral. Kami melaporkan kasus Peter’s Anomaly pada seorang anak berusia satu tahun enam bulan dengan kekeruhan pada kedua mata sejak lahir. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan oftalmologis dimana didapatkan visus okuli dekstra dan sinistra fix and follow the light, nistagmus sensoris pada kedua mata, tekanan intra okuler pada mata kanan 37 mm Hg dan pada mata kiri 40 mmHg. Diameter kornea kedua mata 11 mm, adanya kekeruhan pada sentral kornea (stroma) dengan diameter 5 mm pada kedua mata. Pergerakan kedua mata ke semua arah normal. Bilik mata anterior dangkal, iris melekat pada endotel kornea, lensa kedua mata sukar dievaluasi oleh karena kekeruhan pada kornea. Refleks fundus negatif pada kedua mata. Penanganan awal yang diberikan berupa medikamentosa (timolol 0,5%) untuk menurunkan tekanan intra okuler sambil menunggu keadaan umum membaik untuk dilakukan penetrating keratoplasty and filtration surgery dibawah anastesi umum. Kata Kunci: Peter’s anomaly, kekeruhan kornea, tekanan intra okuler, penanganan.

Download Full-text

Theory to practice: How the City of Utrecht develops a Health and Equity in all Policies approach

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

M Weber ◽

M Droomers

Keyword(s):

Community Development ◽

Health Condition ◽

Living Environment ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Health Determinants ◽

Perceived Safety ◽

Social Challenges ◽

Economically Deprived ◽

Professional Assistance ◽

One Year

Abstract Introduction We witness an increase in Health in All Policies approaches worldwide. In Utrecht this inter-sectoral and multi-level governance approach is strong since several years. Utrecht has made progress in linking spatial challenges with social challenges, aiming for healthy urban living for all. An example is social renovation, in which social housing corporations combine physical renovation with social programs in Overvecht, the most socio-economically deprived neighbourhood in Utrecht. The project addresses social determinants of health, such as income, education and employment, and subsequently improvement of health of the residents. Methods In April 2020, social renovation of an apartment building of around 180 households will start. During the exploration phase, community workers carry out door-to-door visits. This forms the basis for community development activities and provides the possibility to refer residents directly to professional assistance. After one year, the actual renovation starts. Following, new residents are purposely selected and assigned to the newly renovated flats that have been vacated during the process. Results Impact of the social renovation process on health and health determinants will be evaluated. The door-to-door visits are used to interview the residents about their wellbeing, stress, mental and physical health condition, sense of mastery, financial problems, perceived safety, and social and physical living environment. Interviews will be repeated during the community development phase (after six months), and just before the start of the physical renovation (after one year). Discussion Social renovation aims to contribute to and preferably improve residents' personal living conditions and social living environment, instead of just improving their housing conditions. Lessons learned from this process will inspire replication and upscaling in other neighbourhoods.

Download Full-text

Third-Year Growth Response of Loblolly Pine to Eight Levels of Competition Control

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/11.2.91 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 91-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Catherine G. Bacon ◽

Shepard M. Zedaker

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Growth Response ◽

Volume Growth ◽

Growing Season ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Best Response ◽

Competition Control ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

One Year

Abstract The growth response of young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to different amounts of competition control was studied in plantations of three ages in the Virginia Piedmont. Eight competition control treatments involved the removal of all, two-thirds, one-third, or none of the hardwoodstems either with or without herbaceous weed control. Results after three growing seasons showed a significant increase in pine diameter and volume growth with competition control. Treatments combining woody and herbaceous control resulted in better pine growth than the same treatments withoutherbaceous control, in the two youngest stands. The best response, obtained with the two-thirds woody plus herbaceous control treatment, resulted in: a 100% increase in volume growth over the check plots in seedlings treated at the beginning of their second growing season in the field; a 93% increase in one-year-old seedlings; and a 53% increase in the growth of seedlings treated before the third growing season. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):91-95.

Download Full-text

The effects of cutting regimes on natural regeneration in submountain beech forests: species diversity and abundance

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/42/2008-jfs ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 533-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Barna

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

The Other ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Clear Cut ◽

One Year ◽

Cutting Regimes ◽

Cutting Intensity ◽

The Given

The paper summarizes the results of 15-year natural regeneration for beech of five plots with different densities situated in the Western Carpathians Mts. Three of the plots were subjected to differently intensive shelterwood cuttings (plots L, M, H), one plot was clear-cut (CC), and one was left without intervention – as a control (C). The number of one-year-old seedlings decreased proportionally with increasing cutting intensity. The ANOVA results document a significant influence of cutting intensity on the abundance of both one-year-old and older seedlings. The abundance of beech seedlings was initially increasing with increasing cutting intensity, and, having reached the peak on plot M (medium intensity), there followed a decrease in the seedling abundance. Lower numbers of beech seedlings on plots subjected to less intensive cutting (C, L) result from less favourable growth conditions in comparison with plot M. On the other hand, cutting of higher intensity (H, CC) resulted in lower numbers of fructifying parent trees. The medium cut intervention having provided the plot M with stocking of 0.5 (50% of the stand) resulted in a lower number of seed resources (limiting factor for natural regeneration). However, for the other factor – seedling establishment (survival and recruitment) this plot (M) represents an ecological optimum in beech regeneration in the given conditions.

Download Full-text

Health condition of spruce stands in the Orlické hory Mts. in relation to climatic, anthropogenic and stand factors

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/2082-jfs ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Žid ◽

P. Čermák

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Growing Season ◽

Health Condition ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Climatic Anthropogenic ◽

The Given ◽

Slope Orientation ◽

Synergetic Action

In stands with the majority of spruce and aged over 70 years, 35 sample plots were laid out (in total 700 trees) in the vicinity of Anenský vrch Hill at altitudes over 800 m above sea level. In the course of the growing season 2005, the following parameters were determined: total defoliation, defoliation of the primary structure, percentage of secondary shoots, presence and extent of yellowing and browning. In 10 selected trees, branches were taken from crowns for morphological analyses and annual length increments of branches and numbers of secondary shoots in the particular years were determined. Total defoliation and the occurrence of yellowing were related to slope orientation and position of the plot towards the ridge. The number of shoots produced in the given year correlated with the level of annual NO<sub>3</sub> deposition. The determined difference in the occurrence of yellowing between limed and unlimed plots cannot be interpreted unambiguously because limed and unlimed plots differ in exposure at the same time. The determined importance of slope orientation for the health condition of a stand shows that under the simultaneous air pollution load climatic factors are a factor deciding on the resulting effect of the synergetic action of stressors on forest stands.

Download Full-text