scholarly journals Evaluation of staygreen sunflower lines and their hybrids for yield under drought conditions

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshavardan J. Hilli ◽  
Shobha U. Immadi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Hybridization Programme ◽  
Spad Readings

Abstract The experimental material for the present study comprised of 28 inbred lines (including two checks) which were developed by mutation and hybridization among the lines from AICRP trials MARS, UAS, Dharwad and on the basis of SPAD readings and stay green nature, they were considered as drought tolerant lines. These lines were used for the present experiment and were evaluated under both normal and moisture stress condition in rain out shelter to study their root characteristics. Among 28 inbreds evaluated, eight inbred lines i.e. DSR-13, DSR-19, DSR-23, DSR-24, DSR-37, DSR-66, DSR-107 and DSR-132 were identified as drought tolerant nature which exhibited least reduction in their yield under moisture stress condition. Simultaneously hybridization programme was also initiated during summer 2018 using these 28 inbred lines as testers (males) and 5 CMS lines as female lines in Line × Tester fashion. Among 140 hybrids developed, only 40 F1 hybrid combinations were further analyzed for heterosis and combining ability studies along with four checks RHA 6D-1, RHA 95C-1, KBSH-53 and Cauvery Champ. Most of the hybrid combinations showed significant negative heterosis for flowering indicating earliness, and also all the combinations showed a positive heterosis for plant height indicating tallness dominant over dwarf checks. The combinations CMS 7-1-1 A × DSR-37 (624 kg/ha), CMS-853A × DSR-19 (624 kg/ha), and CMS-853A × DSR-23 (619 kg/ha) exhibited significant maximum heterosis for seed yield (kg ha−1) over the checks KBSH-53 (496.50 kg/ha) and Cauvery Champ (486.50 kg/ha) showing maximum seed yield per hectare.

scholarly journals The Value of the Stay-green Traits with Grain Yield of Post Flowering Drought Tolerance in Rabi Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 059-063
Author(s):  
D. Dev Kumar ◽  
◽  
V. Padma ◽  
H. S. Talwar ◽  
Farzana Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was conducted during rabi 2012-13 at research farm of Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana State, India. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design, replicated thrice, with 10 Sorghum genotypes as main treatment Well-watered (WW) and Water-stress (WS) conditions) to examine the potential of Sorghum genotypes to adapt to the post flowering drought. 10 genotypes are sub-treatments CRS 4, CRS 19, CRS 20, PEC 17, CSV 18, M 35-1, Phule chitra, Phule moulee, EP 57 and CRS 1). Among the four stages viz., 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after flowering (DAF), the GLAR (stay green trait) at 10 DAF had a positive and higher significant correlation with grain yield (r=0.66). So, GLAR at 10 DAF is most appropriate stage to screen for post flowering drought tolerance. Among the yield components, number of grains per panicle, grain weight panicle-1 and harvest index (HI) are significantly and positively correlated with grain yield and therefore it can be ascribed that the genotypes, which partitioned more assimilates into economic parts and in which grain filling is high, recorded more grain yield. The overall yield reduction due to moisture stress during the post flowering drought was 10% and it ranged between 8-12% among the genotypes. This indicates that the genotypes used in the present study are relatively drought tolerant. The genotypes CSV 18 and Phule moulee registered least yield reduction (8%) in grain yield due to post flowering drought followed by PEC 17 and M 35-1 which registered 9% yield reduction. However, the overall grain yield of PEC 17 and M 35-1 was more than CSV 18 and Phule moulee even under moisture stress conditions.

scholarly journals Stay green physiological capacity of drought tolerant maize inbred lines

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-323
Author(s):  
G.T. Epaku ◽  
P. Rubaihayo ◽  
F. Kagoda ◽  
K.D. Bomet ◽  
A. Badji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Physiological Capacity ◽  
Excessive Water

Stay green is the ability of a plant to maintain photosynthetically functional green leaf area for longer periods, even under excessive water stress. This study was done to establish the physiological capacity of Ugandan drought tolerant maize inbred lines to stay green under water shortage conditions using various stay green physiological determinants. Seventy-six maize inbred lines characterised for drought tolerance by CIMMYT, were planted under a rain out shelter, with a well-watered control (WW) and excessive water-stress treatments applied at six weeks after planting (6 WAP) and eight weeks after planting (8 WAP). The most maintained stay green physiological determinants under excessive water-stress were non-photosynthetic quench (NPQt) and leaf pigmentation per unit leaf area (RC: LAUG) with inbred lines CELQ15028 and CELQ15022 showing the highest maintenance for the two parameters, respectively. The highest level of variation for quantum yield of photosystem II activity (Phi2) and NPQt among inbred lines was at 40 and 60 days after flowering, respectively. Phi2 was negatively correlated to NPQt but positively correlated to the linear electron flow (LEF); while NPQt had a significantly negative correlation with LEF. This study established that these drought tolerant maize inbred lines have moderate stay green physiological capacity, with inbred line CEL15027 performing the best.

scholarly journals Effect of moisture stress on physiological mechanisms in drought tolerance in selected genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
H.Y. Patil ◽  
Pooja ◽  
V.P. Chimmad
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Spad Readings

Eight groundnut genotypes of including four released and pre-released genotypes were evaluated for moisture stress at pegging (M2) and pod development (M3) stage stress situations with control (M1) during post-rainy season (Nov-April), 2018-19 at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad and Karnataka, India. The drought stress was imposed by with holding irrigation at 40-80 DAS (M2) and 80 DAS-harvest (M3). Observations were recorded for physiological parameters like leaf area, SPAD readings, chlorophyll content, stomatal frequency, photosynthetic rate and pod yield per plant. Among the selected genotypes, GPBD-4, Dh-257 and Dh-256 are considered as drought tolerant genotypes at both the stress levels based on lesser reduction in leaf area, optimum chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, less leaf folding and by these adaptations recorded reduced reduction in pod yield over control. Genotypes, Dh-86 and TMV-2 affected severely by drought at both the stages. But higher effect was observed under pod developmental stage stress.

scholarly journals Gene action of achene yield traits in sunflower under drought stress condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261
Author(s):  
Ejaz-ul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Stress Condition

Drought is one of the most damaging environmental stresses, which decreases the achene yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The objectives of our experimentations were to determine the type of gene action in sunflower under drought stress, for the identification of the lines with higher achene yield for purpose of developing hybrid with higher achene yield. Thirty-two single cross hybrids from 12 inbred lines were developed through line × tester mating design through crossing 8 drought tolerant inbred lines with 4 drought susceptible lines. The evaluation experiment was performed under an alpha (0,1) lattice incomplete block design with three replications. The achene yield related traits like DF, DM, PH, NL/P, HD, SG, AY/P and TAW were evaluated under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Values of degree of dominance greater than one indicating that traits were under the control of dominant genetic effect. Based on GCA effects, L1 proved good combiner for early flowering, maturity and short stature; while L6 was a good combiner for NL/P, HD and AY/P while L8 for HD, SG, AY/P and TAW under drought stress condition. Based on SCA effects, Hybrid 20 was found a good SCA combiner for early flowering, early maturity, short stature, higher HD, AY/P and TAW under normal as well as drought stress conditions. It was suggested form our study that the lines L1, L6 and L8 can be further used to develop drought tolerant hybrids for higher yield and L5 × L12 (Hy 20) was proposed for general cultivation in irrigated as well as rainfed areas of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Morphological responses of pulse (Vigna spp.) crops to soil water deficit

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaswatee Baroowa ◽  
Nirmali Gogoi ◽  
Sreyashi Paul ◽  
Banashree Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Productivity Rate ◽  
Drought Tolerance Index ◽  
Pod Number

The present experiment was conducted with two common pulse crops namely black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and green gram (Vigna radiata L.) with the objective to study the morpho-physiological changes that took place in response to low moisture stress. Parameters such as plant height, leaf number, leaf area and pod number were studied under moisture stress condition as well as subsequent recovery stages. At harvest, yields of these two crops were recorded and various yield indexes like drought susceptibility index, drought tolerance index, mean and productivity rate were calculated. The study revealed that moisture stress has a significant impact on all these parameters in both crops. The effect was more significant in green gram compared to black gram. From the findings it is observed that moisture stress during flowering stage is detrimental for yield of the pulse crops and re-watering does not have a significant impact on yield improvement. Black gram variety T9 and green gram variety Pratap were identified as drought-tolerant varieties.

scholarly journals Seleksi dan Karakter Sekunder Jagung Inbrida Toleran Cekaman Kekeringan

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farid Badaruddin ◽  
Roy Efendi ◽  
Amin Nur ◽  
Dan Muhammad Azrai
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Irrigation Condition ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
Secondary Traits ◽  
Selection Of

The availability of drought-tolerant maize inbred materials are useful to develop a hybrid or synthetic drought tolerant maize varieties. This research was aimed to select drought tolerant and determine secondary traits for selection of inbred maize. Selection of 31 maize inbred lines was conducted in nested experimental design in which the replicate was nested into the drought stress selection condition and normal irrigation. Drought stress treatment was applied during flowering to milk phase. In the normal irrigation condition the water was supplied every 10 days. The results showed that the medium tolerant to tolerant to drought stress inbred lines were 1044-30, DTPYC9-F46-3-9-1-1-B, CML161 / NEI9008, DTPYC9-F46-1-2-1-2- B, and Mr14. The yield declined of tolerant/medium tolerant inbred lines of about 17.0-38.3% was lower than sensitive inbred lines of about 42.8-70.7% under stress condition. The tolerant/medium tolerant inbred lines can be used for developing drought tolerant or synthetic varieties. The secondary traits effective for selection of drought tolerant inbred lines were shelling percentage, leaf chlorophyll, leaf rolling scores, number of tassel, the female flowering dates, and anthesis silking interval (ASI). The traits were more effected by genetic factors than the environmental factors and correlated to yield under drought stress conditions.<br /><br />Keywords: anthesis silking interval, environmental condition, inbred lines, tassel number, yield<br /><br />

Effect of Water Stress on Growth and Root Characteristics of Lentil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramprosad Nandi ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Pragun Paul ◽  
Amit Karmakar ◽  
Prabir Chakraborti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Root Characteristics

Background: Lentil mainly grows on residual soil moisture under rainfed conditions leading to abrupt soil moisture depletion causing mid or terminal drought stress to plants. Application of supplemental irrigation and adopting high yielding cultivars could alleviate drought stress and secure higher yield. Our present study aimed to study the growth of some promising varieties of lentil under four moisture regimes. Methods: To study the physiological responses of some promising lentil varieties under water stress, a pot experiment was performed at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal during 2018-2019. Four lentil varieties i.e. Asha, PL 6, Subrata and Ranjan were grown under four moisture stress treatments through supplying water maintaining irrigation water (IW): cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) at its 100, 75, 50 and 25%.Result: Without stress condition Asha maintained the highest RLWC of 82.6 and 66.1% during flowering and pod formation stages, respectively; while Subrata got the maximum chlorophyll content (2.82 g l-1) during flowering stage. Under no stress root length density, root surface area and root volume were experienced the maximum values in all varieties, while, average root diameter was the highest under severe stress treatment for Ranjan. Our study concluded that Asha had potential to withstand water stress but Subrata was proved to be the best variety under no stress condition.

scholarly journals A New Breeding Strategy towards Introgression and Characterization of Stay-Green QTL for Drought Tolerance in Sorghum

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Nasrein Mohamed Kamal ◽  
Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi ◽  
Hanan Abdeltwab ◽  
Ishtiag Abdalla ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
The Cost

Several marker-assisted selection (MAS) or backcrossing (MAB) approaches exist for polygenic trait improvement. However, the implementation of MAB remains a challenge in many breeding programs, especially in the public sector. In MAB introgression programs, which usually do not include phenotypic selection, undesired donor traits may unexpectedly turn up regardless of how expensive and theoretically powerful a backcross scheme may be. Therefore, combining genotyping and phenotyping during selection will improve understanding of QTL interactions with the environment, especially for minor alleles that maximize the phenotypic expression of the traits. Here, we describe the introgression of stay-green QTL (Stg1–Stg4) from B35 into two sorghum backgrounds through an MAB that combines genotypic and phenotypic (C-MAB) selection during early backcross cycles. The background selection step is excluded. Since it is necessary to decrease further the cost associated with molecular marker assays, the costs of C-MAB were estimated. Lines with stay-green trait and good performance were identified at an early backcross generation, backcross two (BC2). Developed BC2F4 lines were evaluated under irrigated and drought as well as three rainfed environments varied in drought timing and severity. Under drought conditions, the mean grain yield of the most C-MAB-introgression lines was consistently higher than that of the recurrent parents. This study is one of the real applications of the successful use of C-MAB for the development of drought-tolerant sorghum lines for drought-prone areas.

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